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Full Answer

What is the history behind the establishment of the Malay colonies?

They were originally established by the government as roadside relocation settlements for rural Chinese during the Malayan Emergency (1948–60), a period of intense conflict between the British administration and a (largely Chinese) communist guerrilla insurgency that arose after World War II.

What is the history of the Malay Archipelago?

Based on early Sanskrit reports, the area was known as "the iron bowl". The settlement also narrated a glimpse of the ancient religious undertakings prior to the mass Indianisation of the region. The early inhabitants of the Malay Archipelago was chronicled to be the adherence of indigenous animism and shamanism.

What are the Straits Settlements of Malaysia?

The Straits Settlements originally consisted of the four individual settlements of Malacca, Dinding, Penang and Singapore. The Penang territory included Penang Island, formerly known as the 'Prince of Wales Island', and Seberang Perai on the mainland, formerly known as 'Province Wellesley'.

Who settled in Peninsular Malaysia first?

Most other villages in Peninsular Malaysia are associated with peoples who have settled in the country since the early 19th century. The first of these immigrant settlements were mining camps, established primarily by Chinese around tin fields in the west.

Which of the following states developed central Africa?

Which of the following states developed in the center of Africa? Olmec.

What was true about Swahili?

What was true about Swahili? It was a language that employed Bantu grammar and Arabic linguistic terms. employed various musical instruments, including the harp, bells, and the xylophone.

What was the ancient African kingdom that claimed to be descended from the Arabian kingdom of Saba?

-The founders of Axum claimed descent from migrants to Africa from the kingdom of Saba/Sheba)- Arabian peninsula. serving as a transit point for goods carried from South Asia to the Mediterranean basin.

What was the role of a king in the sudanic kingship?

What was the role of a king in the Sudanic kingship? a. He performed priestly duties and divined the will of the ancestors.

What language does Africa speak?

The most widely spoken languages of Africa, Swahili (200 million), Yoruba (45 million), Igbo (30 million), and Fula (35 million) all belong to the Niger-Congo family.

Which African language should I learn?

Arguably, the most useful, indigenous African languages for Americans to learn are Yoruba (primarily spoken in Nigeria), Xhosa (South Africa), Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania, and much of East Africa), and Amharic (mainly Ethiopia).

Who are the people of Sabaʾ?

The Sabaeans were a Semitic people who became established in southern Arabia at an unknown date. Excavations in central Yemen suggest that the Sabaean civilization began as early as the 10th–12th century bce.

What is Axum known for?

Known for its monumental obelisk and as an early center of Christianity in Africa, Axum became one of the holiest of cities of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Despite Axum's current state of poverty, it was once a city distinguished by prestigious power.

Where is the land of Sabaʾ?

YemenSaba (also given as Sheba) was a kingdom in southern Arabia (region of modern-day Yemen) which flourished between the 8th century BCE and 275 CE when it was conquered by the neighboring Himyarites.

Who was the first king of Africa?

Sundiata Keita was the first ruler of the Mali Empire in the 13th century C.E. He laid the foundation for a powerful and wealthy African empire and proclaimed the first charter of human rights, the Manden Charter.

What are kings called in Africa?

African royalty are referred to as kings, queens emperors, or empresses. Before the Roman empire took control of parts of Africa, pharaohs ruled the kingdoms.

Who is the current king of Africa?

Current monarchiesStateTypeIncumbentKingdom of MoroccoConstitutionalMohammed VIKingdom of EswatiniAbsoluteMswati IIIKingdom of LesothoConstitutionalLetsie III

Why was Swahili important?

The cultural heritage of Swahili plays an important role in the African Diaspora, making it a prominent starting point in fields of African Studies, African-American Studies, and the study of other cultures of African origin throughout the world.

What do the Swahili believe in?

Though the main religion within the Swahili culture is Islam, many individuals consider themselves Christians. However, most of the Islam customs and holidays are honored and observed. The ability to read and write is important in the Swahili culture, as many people choose to follow the Islamic religion.

What is the Swahili culture?

Swahili culture is the culture of the Swahili people inhabiting the Swahili coast. This littoral area encompasses Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique, as well as the adjacent islands of Zanzibar and Comoros and some parts of Malawi. They speak Swahili as their native language, which belongs to the Bantu language family.

What is the origin of Swahili?

The language dates from the contacts of Arabian traders with the inhabitants of the east coast of Africa over many centuries. Under Arab influence, Swahili originated as a lingua franca used by several closely related Bantu-speaking tribal groups.

Where are the Malays from?

Malays ( Malay: Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the eastern Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world. These locations are today part of the countries of Malaysia, Indonesia ( Sumatra, ...

How did Malay evolve into Classical?

Malay evolved extensively into Classical Malay through the gradual influx of numerous Arabic and Persian vocabulary, when Islam made its way to the region. Initially, Classical Malay was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Malay kingdoms of Southeast Asia.

Why are Malay names important?

Malay personal names are complex, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the society, and titles are considered important. It has undergone tremendous change, evolving with the times to reflect the different influences that the Malays been subjected over the ages. Although some Malay names still retain parts of its indigenous Malay and Sanskrit influences, as Muslims, Malays have long favoured Arabic names as marks of their religion.

What is the most important festival in Malaysia?

A vast majority of modern ethnic Malays are the adherents of Sunni Islam and the most important Malay festivals are those of Islamic origin – Hari Raya Aidilfitri , Hari Raya Aidiladha, Awal Muharram, and Maulidur Rasul. It is considered apostasy for Malays to convert out of Islam in Malaysia and Brunei.

What are the Malays known for?

Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics. They absorbed, shared and transmitted numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang and Acehnese.

What are the sub-ethnic groups in Indonesia?

Sub-ethnic groups. See also: Malaysian Malays, Indonesian Malays, and Thai Malays. Ethnic Malays among other ethnic groups in Indonesia. Although only constituting 3.4% of the total population, ethnic Malays are one of the most widely distributed ethnicities in Indonesia.

What was the name of the city-states in the 7th and 13th centuries?

Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, often prosperous peninsula and Sumatran maritime trading states, became part of the mandala of Srivijaya, a great confederation of city-states centred in Palembang, Kadaram, Chaiya and Tambralinga .

Where did the term "Malay" come from?

The term was derived from the European concept of a " Malay race " (the Austronesian peoples ), a racial concept proposed by European explorers based on their observations of the influence of the ethnic Malay empire, Srivijaya, which was based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.

What is the Malay Archipelago?

The Malay Archipelago ( Malay: Kepulauan Melayu, Tagalog: Kapuluang Malay, Cebuano: Kapupud-ang Malay, Javanese: Nusantara Melayu) is the archipelago between mainland Indochina and Australia. It has also been called the " Malay world ," " Nusantara ," East Indies, Indo-Australian Archipelago, Spices Archipelago and other names over time. The name was taken from the 19th-century European concept of a Malay race, later based on the distribution of Austronesian languages.

What islands are part of the Malay Archipelago?

However, the Malay Archipelago does not include all islands inhabited by the Malay race such as Madagascar and Taiwan, and it includes the islands inhabited by Melanesians such as Maluku Islands and New Guinea . Pinisi sailing ship exploring Komodo island, part of Lesser Sunda Islands. The 19th-century naturalist Alfred Wallace used ...

What is the Malay world called?

It has also been called the " Malay world ," " Nusantara ," East Indies, Indo-Australian Archipelago, Spices Archipelago and other names over time. The name was taken from the 19th-century European concept of a Malay race, later based on the distribution of Austronesian languages.

What is maritime Southeast Asia?

The term " Maritime Southeast Asia " is largely synonymous, covering both the islands in Southeast Asia and nearby island-like communities, such as those found on the Malay Peninsula.

How many islands are there in the Indonesian archipelago?

The land and sea area of the archipelago exceeds 2 million km 2. The more than 25,000 islands of the archipelago consist of many smaller archipelagoes. The major island groupings in the Indonesian Archipelago include the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, and the Sunda Islands.

Why is Papua New Guinea not part of Asia?

As Wallace noted, there are arguments for excluding Papua New Guinea for cultural and geographical reasons: Papua New Guinea is culturally quite different from the other countries in the region, and it is geologically not part of the continent of Asia, as the islands of the Sunda Shelf are (see Australia ).

What are the first settlements in Peninsular Malaysia?

The first of these immigrant settlements were mining camps, established primarily by Chinese around tin fields in the west.

What are the four main types of Malay settlements?

The four main types of rural Malay settlement—fishing villages, paddy or wet-rice (irrigated) villages, cash-crop villages, and mixed-crop villages— all conform to this basic structural pattern on the peninsula.

What is a thatched roof called in Malaysia?

In Peninsular Malaysia rural houses usually are built of wood and raised on stilts. Some still feature a thatched roof, called an atap, woven from the leaves of the nipa palm ( Nypa fruticans; a species also used for basketry). In the 21st century, however, roofs of corrugated metal are much more common. Each house is typically surrounded by ...

What is the basic administrative unit in Malaysia?

The basic administrative unit in both East and Peninsular Malaysia is the kampung (village, or community of houses). In Peninsular Malaysia rural houses usually are built of wood and raised on stilts.

What did the British introduce in the mid-1800s?

In the mid-1800s the British introduced the plantation system of agriculture, and the subsequent cultivation of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) and oil palm trees ( Elaeis guineensis) changed the face of rural Peninsular Malaysia. Added to the landscape was the plantation (estate) settlement, typically a group of buildings consisting ...

Where did the workers on the plantations come from?

Many of the workers on these plantations were from southern India, brought to Malaysia by the British colonial government, especially during the rubber boom of the early 20th century; plantation housing has continued to be occupied largely by Indian Malaysians.

When did the New Villages end?

With the end of the emergency in 1960, some of the New Villages were abandoned, but most of them became permanent settlements. A more recent and significant government program has involved the resettlement of poor Malays into forest areas, which are cleared and planted in rubber trees and oil palms.

What was the name of the British colony that divided the Malay archipelago into two zones?

East India Company rule. The establishment of the Straits Settlements followed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, by which the Malay archipelago was divided into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south.

What are the names of the settlements in the Straits of Singapore?

The Straits Settlements originally consisted of the four individual settlements of Penang, Singapore, Malacca , and Dinding. Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were added in 1886.

How much did the British spend on the military in 1906?

The military expenditure (the colony paid on this account 20 per cent of its gross revenue to the British government by way of military contribution) amounted in 1906 to $1,762,438 ; $578,025 was expended on upkeep and maintenance of existing public works, and $1,209,291 on new roads, streets, bridges, and buildings.

What was the revenue of the Straits Settlements in 1868?

The revenue of the colony in 1868 amounted to $1,301,843. That for 1906 was $9,512,132, exclusive of $106,180 received for land sales.

What was the first settlement to fall into Japanese hands?

During World War II, the Japanese invaded Malaya and the Straits Settlements by landing on Kelantan on 8 December 1941. On 16 December Penang became the first Straits Settlement to fall into Japanese hands. Malacca fell on 15 January and Singapore fell on 15 February, following the Battle of Singapore.

What islands were once owned by Scottish families?

In 1886 the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (which were settled and once owned by a Scottish family named Clunies-Ross) and Christmas Island , formerly attached to Ceylon, were transferred to the care of the government of the Straits Settlements in Singapore. In 1907 the former Crown Colony of Labuan, in Borneo, which for a period was vested in the British North Borneo Company, was resumed by the British government and was vested in the governor of the Straits Settlements.

What happened in 1857?

Upset with East India Company rule, in 1857 the European population of the Settlements sent a petition to the British Parliament asking for direct rule; but the idea was overtaken by events—the Indian Rebellion of 1857 .

Who was the first European to settle on Madagascar?

By the 15th century, Europeans had wrested control of the spice trade from the Muslims. They did this by bypassing the Middle East and sending their cargo-ships around the Cape of Good Hope to India. The Portuguese mariner Diogo Dias became the first European to set foot on Madagascar when his ship, bound for India, blew off course in 1500. In the ensuing 200 years, the English and French tried (and failed) to establish settlements on the island.

What is the history of Madagascar?

The written history of Madagascar begins in the 7th century when Omanis established trading posts along the northwest coast and introduced Islam, the Arabic script (used to transcribe the Malagasy language in a form of writing known as the sorabe alphabet ), Arab astrology and other cultural elements. During this early period, Madagascar served as an important transoceanic trading port for the East African coast that gave Africa a trade route to the Silk Road and served simultaneously as a port for incoming ships. There is evidence that Bantu or Swahili sailors or traders may have begun sailing to the western shores of Madagascar as early as around the 6th and 7th century.

What is a Sumatran village?

A Sumatran village showing several traditional houses (Malagasy levu ). The vahoaka ntaolo villages of Madagascar were probably similar in the first millennium AD. This model is still currently present on every coast and in the remote inland areas and forests.

When did Madagascar gain independence?

The country gained full independence from France in 1960 in the wake of decolonization . Under the leadership of President Philibert Tsiranana, Madagascar's First Republic (1960–1972) was established as a democratic system modeled on that of France.

Where did pirates live in Madagascar?

The purported free pirate colony of Libertatia was established on Île Sainte-Marie, originally populated by local Malagasy.

Who was the Queen of Madagascar?

In the Berlin Treaty, the British accepted the claims of France to exert its influence on Madagascar, and a treaty of alliance between France and Madagascar was signed on December 17, 1885 by Queen Ranavalona III .

Overview

History

Etymology

Origins

Culture

Sub-ethnic groups

See also

Further reading

Overview

Etymology and terminology

Geography

Demography

See also

Notes

External links