did the jamestown settlement have a well

Although the Jamestown settlers had been instructed to try farming on a small scale, the sandy soil did not hold moisture well and the drought killed what crops they did manage to plant. Food supplies ran very low and many of the settlers starved to death during the winter of 1609-10, called, "The Starving Time."

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Why was Jamestown a poor location for a settlement?

Why was Jamestown a poor location for a settlement? Ecologically, Jamestown was a terrible place to start a colony. Yet by settling there the first colonists were largely doing what they were told. Like most things that lay unclaimed, however, Jamestown was free for a reason. It was marshy, infested with mosquitos, and without reliable water.

What is the main reason Jamestown was settled?

What is the main reason Jamestown was founded? The main reason why Jamestown was founded is that a group of English people wanted to make their fortunes. They knew, of course, of the riches that had been found by various Spanish explorers in South America and they hoped that they could find ways to become rich in North America as well.

What was significant about Jamestown Settlement?

What was the significance of the Jamestown Settlement? A: The Jamestown settlement in present-day Virginia was the first settlement under the charter granted to the Virginia Company by King James I. The Virginia Company settlers made land on Jamestown Island on May 14, 1607. The settlement grew and eventually held the first English representative assembly in North America.

What were some bad things about Jamestown?

What were some bad things about Jamestown? There were some disadvantages of the location of Jamestown. There were many diseases the settlers faced. There were many bugs in the area, and the water was not that good. The settlers hoped to find minerals and spent much time trying to do so. However, they were not able to find minerals.

How was the water in Jamestown?

The scientists are finding that the Jamestown aquifer water contains high, but varying, levels of arsenic. But arsenic may be far down on a list of problems that include high salinity, various metals and fecal contamination from the colonists' latrines.

Did Jamestown have fresh water?

The English remarked that the James was “sweet” (i.e. not brackish) when they arrived on May 13th. And so it was: the snow from the mountains was melting, filling the river with fresh-tasting water. Within a few weeks, however, the weather had heated up and the water was too salty to be healthy to drink.

What was the problem with the water supply at Jamestown?

Further, the water supply at Jamestown was contaminated both by human wastes and seawater. Moreover, by autumn it became obvious that the colonists had insufficient food to get them through the winter. Not enough land had been cleared and not enough crops had been planted and harvested.

What were three problems with the settlement at Jamestown?

Video: Quotes from the Jamestown Settlers The winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown is referred to as the "starving time." Disease, violence, drought, a meager harvest followed by a harsh winter, and poor drinking water left the majority of colonists dead that winter.

How did early settlers get water?

Many families had to boil their well water to kill off contaminants. When well-digging failed to reach water, families were forced to collect rainwater in barrels, cisterns, and pans.

How did colonists get water?

Colonists on rural farms or on the frontier could find natural, clean sources of water, or could dig wells to reach fresh water. Colonists in the city drank "bottled water," from the countryside. City dwellers used bodies of water for garbage disposal, not drinking.

How did Jamestown survive the starving time?

Long reliant on the Indians, the colony found itself with far too little food for the winter. As the food stocks ran out, the settlers ate the colony's animals—horses, dogs, and cats—and then turned to eating rats, mice, and shoe leather. In their desperation, some practiced cannibalism.

What helped Jamestown survive?

Who were the men who caused Jamestown to be successful? John Smith saved the colony from starvation. He told colonists that they must work in order to eat. John Rolfe had the colony plant and harvest tobacco, which became a cash crop and was sold to Europe.

What killed the Jamestown settlers?

Not long after Captain Newport left, the settlers began to succumb to a variety of diseases. They were drinking water from the salty or slimy river, which was one of several things that caused the death of many. The death tolls were high. They were dying from swellings, fluxes, fevers, by famine, and sometimes by wars.

Was Jamestown a success or a failure?

Despite the introduction of tobacco cultivation, the colony was a failure as a financial venture. The king declared the Virginia Company bankrupt in 1624. About 200,000 pounds were lost among the investors.

What are 5 facts about Jamestown?

10 Things You May Not Know About the Jamestown ColonyThe original settlers were all men. ... Drinking water likely played a role in the early decimation of the settlement. ... Bodies were buried in unmarked graves to conceal the colony's decline in manpower. ... The settlers resorted to cannibalism during the “starving time.”More items...•

Who burned down Jamestown?

Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon and his army of rebels torch Jamestown, the capital of the Virginia colony, on September 19, 1676. This event took place during Bacon's Rebellion, a civil war that pitted Bacon's followers against Virginia governor Sir William Berkeley.

What did the Jamestown colonists drink?

Beer, cider and other relatively weak fermented beverages were almost universally consumed from the earliest days of Virginia's history. The colonists, in addition to importing the beer from the Mother Country, quickly began practicing the art of brewing themselves.

Did Virginia used to be under water?

During the early part of the Paleozoic, Virginia was covered by a warm shallow sea. This sea would come to be inhabited by creatures like brachiopods, bryozoans, corals, and nautiloids. The state was briefly out of the sea during the Ordovician, but by the Silurian it was once again submerged.

What were the 3 causes of men dying in Jamestown?

The settlers of the new colony — named Jamestown — were immediately besieged by attacks from Algonquian natives, rampant disease, and internal political strife. In their first winter, more than half of the colonists perished from famine and illness.

What body of water was located next to the Jamestown fort?

Jamestown was placed on a peninsula with just a narrow link to the mainland, located 50 miles upstream from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay.

Where was Jamestown located?

Full Article. Jamestown Colony, first permanent English settlement in North America, located near present-day Williamsburg, Virginia. Established on May 14, 1607, the colony gave England its first foothold in the European competition for the New World, which had been dominated by the Spanish since the voyages of Christopher Columbus in ...

What were the causes of the first mass casualties in the colony?

The first mass casualties of the colony took place in August 1607, when a combination of bad water from the river, disease-bearing mosquitoes, and limited food rations created a wave of dysentery, severe fevers, and other serious health problems. Numerous colonists died, and at times as few as five able-bodied settlers were left to bury the dead. In the aftermath, three members of the council—John Smith, John Martin, and John Ratcliffe—acted to eject Edward-Maria Wingfield from his presidency on September 10. Ratcliffe took Wingfield’s place. It was apparently a lawful transfer of power, authorized by the company’s rules that allowed the council to remove the president for just cause.

How many ships did the colonists sail on?

A contingent of approximately 105 colonists departed England in late December 1606 in three ships—the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery —under the command of Christopher Newport. They reached Chesapeake Bay on April 26, 1607.

What were the relations between the colonists and the Native Americans?

The colonists’ relations with the local tribes were mixed from the beginning. The two sides conducted business with each other, the English trading their metal tools and other goods for the Native Americans ’ food supplies. At times the Indians showed generosity in providing gifts of food to the colony.

What was the purpose of the Virginia Company in 1608?

In accord with the Virginia Company’s objectives, much of the colony’s efforts in 1608 were devoted to searching for gold. Newport had brought with him two experts in gold refining (to determine whether ore samples contained genuine gold), as well as two goldsmiths.

What was the origin of the Virginia colony?

Origins (1606–07) The colony was a private venture, financed and organized by the Virginia Company of London. King James I granted a charter to a group of investors for the establishment of the company on April 10, 1606. During this era, “ Virginia ” was the English name for the entire East Coast of North America north of Florida.

Where is Powhatan's bronze statue?

A bronze portrait of Powhatan at the Pamunkey Indian Reservation in Virginia.

When was James Town built?

Secretary of the colony William Strachey likely refers to this well over a year after its construction in May of 1610 when he finds the well going bad. “James Town . . . hath no fresh water springs serving town but what we drew from a well six or seven fathom deep, fed by the brackish river oozing into it; from whence I verily believe the chief causes have proceeded of many diseases and sicknesses which have happened to our people.” Due to the aforementioned problems with the well at this time, the cellar/well likely was abandoned in 1610.

How deep was the first well in the Fort?

The cellar component was only about 5 feet deep, but the well extended to a total depth of 14 feet.

What was the cellar/well?

The cellar/well was likely part of an addition to the storehouse to which it was physically tied by a timber structure, which restricted access and protected the cellar/well from the elements. The artifacts from the feature number in the tens of thousands, and the dateable objects all pre-date 1611.

What happened to Jamestown in Virginia?

After a winter of famine and disease, the inhabitants of Jamestown in Virginia are relieved to witness the arrival of supply ships bringing new settlers and provisions to the stricken town.

How long did it take for the colonists to arrive in Jamestown?

The colonists arrived in Jamestown during one of the driest seven-year periods (1606-1612) in 770 years. The 17th century was also one of the coldest on record. The dramatic weather patterns in the Virginia colony brought on a cycle of conflict, scarcity and death, with climate change threatening its survival.

What did King James I dislike?

King James I had a strong, and well-known, distaste for tobacco. “A custome lothsome to the eye, hatefull to the Nose,” he once declared. It’s ironic that this very crop gave Jamestown its economic viability. The settlement had struggled to find a marketable commodity that it could trade and ship back to England for profit. The colonists dabbled in forestry, silk making and glassmaking, with little financial return.

What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?

Here are some of the lesser-known facts about the Jamestown Colony.

How did women become wives in Jamestown?

This gender imbalance boded ill for the colony’s future, as men left in droves to seek out wives. Edwin Sandys, the Virginia Company treasurer, convinced his fellow board members that they advertise for women to immigrate to Jamestown and marry the colonists. The Virginia Company offered attractive incentives for would-be wives: free transportation, a plot of land, a dowry of clothing and furnishings. They also allowed the women to choose their husbands after entertaining the eager suitors. The tactic had some success, and, the women, in theory, became America’s first mail-order brides.

What did the settlers eat in Jamestown?

Surrounded by Powhatan’s warriors and trapped inside the fort, the settlers eventually ran out of food and were forced to eat whatever they could find: horses, dogs, rats, snakes, leather shoes and, according to forensic evidence, even each other. Marked by survivalist cannibalism, Jamestown reached one of its lowest points during the winter of 1609-1610—a period now known as the “starving time,” in which at least one deceased colonist was consumed as food.

When did the death toll spike in Jamestown?

When the death toll spiked between May and September of 1607, they also made use of double burials with two men laid to rest in the same shaft. 4. The settlers resorted to cannibalism during the “starving time.”. Between January 1608 and August 1609, 470 new settlers arrived at Jamestown.

What is Jamestown Settlement?

This article is about the living history museum. For the historic settlement and town, see Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown Settlement is a living history museum operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia, created in 1957 as Jamestown Festival Park for the 350th anniversary celebration. Today it includes a recreation of the ...

What is the history of Jamestown?

In Living History, visitors can "journey to the past" in re-creations of a Powhatan Indian town and the 1610-14 colonial fort. The park also allows visitors to board replicas of the three ships that sailed from England to Virginia in 1607. In the outdoor areas, costumed historical interpreters describe and demonstrate daily life in early 17th century Jamestown.

What is the 410th anniversary of Jamestown?

The next major event is the 410th Anniversary of the founding of the settlement, scheduled for mid-May 2017, entitled Jamestown Day.

What is the original James Fort?

1607 to 1614), a Powhatan Native American Town, indoor and outdoor displays, and replicas of the original settlers' ships the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discover y.

What is the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation?

The Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation is a Virginia state agency that administers the education aspects the Jamestown Settlement as well as the American Revolution Museum at Yorktown.

When was Jamestown founded?

Historic Jamestowne is established in the original James Fort and Jamestown Colony, the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America, founded on May 14, 1607. Colonial Williamsburg and The American Revolution Museum in Yorktown, additional living history sites, follow the next centennial of Virginian ...

When was Jamestown Festival Park built?

Jamestown Festival Park. Exposition Hall built for the 350th anniversary in 1957 (since replaced for the 400th anniversary) A return to Jamestown itself was considered feasible by 1957, in time for the 350th anniversary of the founding of the London Company settlement at Jamestown. Attractions were developed by the US National Park Service and ...

Where did the colonists settle in Jamestown?

The Jamestown colonists select a marshy peninsula fifty miles up the James River on which to establish their settlement.

What was the cause of the sickness in Jamestown?

During the previous summer, sickness had arrived anew to Jamestown. It was the product of malnutrition caused by hunger and poor conditions that, in turn, had bred lower resistance to various diseases, including those brought by the colonists themselves. In an effort to lighten the burden on Jamestown, Smith sent two groups of men to live off the land and, by extension, off the Indians. To the north, he sent a rival, Francis West, to occupy the town of Powhatan at the falls of the James River. After fighting there cost West about half his men, George Percy claimed the whole affair amounted to a conspiracy to have West killed. To the south, meanwhile, Smith sent Percy and John Martin, who ended up battling the Nansemond Indians and also lost about half their men. The Indians, they discovered, suffered during the drought like anybody else and had no interest in relinquishing their precious food supplies. Nansemond warriors even stuffed bread in the mouths of some English dead “in Contempte and skorne,” according to Percy.

What was Powhatan's chiefdom?

Both groups were Algonquian-speakers with similar religions, politics, and—in the nearby Iroquoian- and Siouian-speakers—enemies. But Powhatan’s paramount chiefdom of twenty-eight to thirty-two groups, centered around the James, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey (York) rivers, could more quickly and easily mobilize against the Jamestown colonists. And Powhatan did not appear to trust the tassantassas. Some historians believe that shortly after the English landed in 1607, he ordered killed the last survivors of John White ‘s “Lost Colony,” men, women, and children who possibly had, in the twenty years since their disappearance, assimilated among the Algonquian-speaking Indians.

What was the first permanent colony in North America?

The Jamestown settlement , established in 1607, was the seat of England’s first permanent colony in North America. After the failure of the Roanoke colonies, investors in the Virginia Company of London were anxious to find profit farther to the north, and in April 1607 three ships of settlers arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. The enterprise, fraught with disease, dissension, and determined Indian resistance, was a miserable failure at first. “The adventurers who ventured their capital lost it,” the historian Edmund S. Morgan has written. “Most of the settlers who ventured their lives lost them. And so did most of the Indians who came near them.” John Smith mapped out much of the Bay and established (sometimes violent) relations with the Powhatan Indians there. During the winter of 1609–1610, the colony nearly starved. The resupply ship Sea Venture, carrying much of Virginia’s new leadership, was thought lost at sea. When it finally arrived in May 1610, fewer than a hundred colonists still survived. Discipline at Jamestown did not match the urgency of the moment until Sir Thomas Dale ‘s arrival in 1611 and his full implementation of the strict Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall. By year’s end, Dale had founded an outside settlement at Henrico, near what became Richmond. The introduction of saleable tobacco soon after helped secure the colony’s economy, and as political power expanded into the James River Valley, the influence of Jamestown waned.

How did Bartholomew Gosnold die?

Bartholomew Gosnold dies at Jamestown, probably from a sickness caused by drinking polluted water.

What happened to the colonists in 1606?

The colonists happened to land in Virginia at the beginning of a seven-year drought (1606–1612)—it was the driest period in 770 years—and food was scarce. Moreover, they came intending to buy or trade for their food, or to be provisioned by England. Rather than hunt, farm, or fish, then, they depended on Smith, who showed a special talent for striking out with a few men and coming back with boatloads of corn, sometimes bargained for, often simply taken from the Indians. In December, while exploring the Chickahominy River, Smith ran into a communal hunting party under the leadership of Powhatan’s younger brother or kinsman, Opechancanough. The Indians captured Smith, killing his two companions and eventually delivering him to the paramount chief. While it is unlikely, as Smith later claimed, that Powhatan’s “dearest daughter” Pocahontas saved Smith’s life, some kind of ceremony took place, and Smith returned to Jamestown in January 1608 probably having been adopted by the mamanatowick, who was attempting to absorb the English into his chiefdom.

How did tobacco affect the colony?

Despite the growth of the tobacco trade, though, the organization of the Virginia Company prevented settlers from having a personal stake in the colony’s success . The so-called Great Charter of 1618 changed that, creating the headright system, which awarded 50 acres of land for each person who paid his or her own way or any other person’s passage into Virginia. In addition, the General Assembly was established in 1619, with elected burgesses sitting in its lower house and members of the governor’s Council in the upper. The Virginia Company treasurer Sir Edwin Sandys saw the assembly as a way of building personal and political investment in the colony, while also, perhaps, muting growing criticism of the Virginia Company at home. But this diffusion of power and influence into the greater James River Valley had another effect: it diminished the primacy of Jamestown. It would remain the often-bustling capital of Virginia until 1698, but its influence was already on the wane.

Why was Jamestown chosen as the site for the Jamestown settlement?

The site for Jamestown was picked for several reasons, all of which met criteria the Virginia Company, who funded the settlement, said to follow in picking a spot for the settlement.

When was Jamestown moved to Williamsburg?

In 1699, the government and capital were moved from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, renamed Williamsburg. People continued to live on Jamestown Island and owned farm lands, but it ceased to be a town. Today, Jamestown Island is a historic site, though there is still a private residence on the island.

Why did the Powhatan Indians leave Jamestown?

During the attack 350-400 of the 1,200 settlers were killed. After the attack, the Powhatan Indians withdrew, as was their way, and waited for the English to learn their lesson or pack up and leave.

What would happen if the Powhatan Indians didn't help the English?

If not for the Powhatan Indians help in the early years, the settlement would most likely have failed, as the English would have died from the various diseases or simply starved.

How many settlers died in the Powhatan colony?

In April 1644, Opechancanough planned another coordinated attack, which resulted in the deaths of another 350-400 of the 8,000 settlers.

Why did Captain Newport leave the Powhatan Indians?

On June 22, Captain Newport left for England to get more supplies for the new settlement.

What caused the death of the settlers?

Not long after Captain Newport left, the settlers began to succumb to a variety of diseases. They were drinking water from the salty or slimy river, which was one of several things that caused the death of many. The death tolls were high. They were dying from swellings, fluxes, fevers, by famine, and sometimes by wars.

Who funded the Jamestown venture?

In commenting on the Jamestown situation, acclaimed economist Richard Maybury states in an article for Mises that “Most of the work was being done by only one-fifth of the men, the other four-fifths choosing to be parasites” ( Mises Library ). The London Company, who funded the venture and took all of the profits made from the land where the colonists settled, stated of its initial group of settlers that they were “unruly gallants, criminals, and loafers.”

What did Dale do to Jamestown?

Of course, while these rules and regulations did set Jamestown on more solid footing, bully tactics and terror reduced productivity and fostered ill will and a desire to rebel. Dale turned to giving each adult male their own parcel of land to work and found that this approach of allowing private property brought prosperity at last. The struggle to get to this point, however, was long and difficult, and the mindsets that the colonists had changed only to the point that necessity required it.

What happened to the colony after Smith left?

After Smith departed, the colony fell back to its old ways and experienced severe food shortage in addition to Indian raids, prompted by the colonists’ increasingly demanding behavior. By the time that the Venture arrived carrying Gates, who was meant to be their new governor, HistoryNet states that “…Gates found Jamestown down to 100 souls, the town palisades in disrepair, the church in ruins, the houses empty, ‘rent up and burnt'” ( HistoryNet ). Gates abandoned the colony upon seeing the levels they had sunk to and returned to England.

Why did the Southerners want to serve in defense of America during the War for Independence?

Their philosophy regarding private ownership and settlement in the New World led directly to the southern propensity for slaves and the general reluctance of Southerners to serve in defense of America during her War for Independence because their slaves might escape. It also led to the mindset that allowed for the rapid growth of chattel slavery to the point that it was at by the time of the Civil War.

Which colony took the longest to abandon?

Jamestown was one of the colonies that took the longest to abandon it, and even after they did officially abandon it, the system was still much more socialist and collectivist than other surrounding areas, and the impacts reached far. This refusal to fully give up a socialist system that had failed can largely be attributed to the types of people the colonists themselves were.

Who was the first colonist to enforce discipline?

John Smith was the first to try to enforce discipline. He was able to get the colonists working only by mandating that they would not eat if they did not work. The colonists resented him for these edicts, and despite having united the colony, he was not wanted. According to Historynet.com in an article entitled “How Collectivism Nearly Sunk Early Colonies”, “A suspicious explosion badly injured the former mercenary [John Smith], and in October, Smith departed aboard a supply ship for England, replaced as colony president by George Percy” ( HistoryNet ).

Who said the British king did not own the land?

As historians David Barton and Tim Barton put it in their book The American Story, ” …When the first colonists came to America from England, it never crossed their minds that the British king did not actually own the land; he said he did and that ended the question. There was no need to approach the natives to ask permission to live there” ( The American Story, 74).

How far apart were the Jamestown colonies?

As for the colony at Jamestown, they are about 740 direct air miles (1,190 km) apart . Each was focused on building their community and not dying. Land routes were mostly thick forests and many native tribes that might or might not be friendly. Roads were non-existent between the two colonies. So, ships were the only real choice. In general, though, they were mostly focused on trading with, and being supplied by, England.

Where did the Plimoth colony settle?

The Plimoth Colony landed in Provincetown Bay in November of 1620. They stole buried Indian corn on the beach. When they sailed across Cape Cod Bay and settled in Plimoth where the Patuxet tribe once lived. There was no shelter. Of the 102 passengers both Separatists and Strangers half died. Massasoit sent Samoset, Tisquantum and Hobomok to help with planting and fishing. Thankfully, the 1621 harvest was abundant. Once shelters were built the colony began to thrive. Making a treaty of alliance and friendship with Massasoit lasted until 1675 when his son Metacomet made war on the English.

What are the three forts on the Mississippi River?

Jolliet (1673) and the Cavelier de la Salle expedition in the Mississippi valley. The map shows three forts built between 1679 and 1680: Conty fort (near Niagara Falls), Miamis Fort (south of Michigan lake), and Crèvecœur fort (Left bank of the Illinois River). Mississippi river course is only shown upstream of the Ohio confluence. Map by French Claude Bernou in 1681.

Why did the Clovis Point culture decline?

The decline in the Clovis point culture occurred for reasons offered by the possibilities of either a decline in the mega fauna, severe weather changes or a meteor strike.

When did the Clovis people come to America?

The consensus use to be that the Clovis point people originally came across the Beringian land bridge between Asia and North America about 13-16,000 BCE ago and were replaced by the Folsom point peoples around 9,000 BCE.

Why did Native Americans not grow?

Their population was not growing, mostly because of European diseases. The European population was doubling every two decades and replacing the forests with farms and new villages.

When was the Lost Colony established?

The so-called “lost colony” was established in 1585 and found abandoned in 1590. That’s 30 years before the Mayflower set sail so, no, they would not have bothered trying to contact the Roanoke Colony. Plus, trying to contact the dead could easily have resulted in a charge of witchcraft or satanism by the 17th century Puritans of Massachusetts.

How many people landed in Jamestown?

Jamestown and Plymouth: Compare and Contrast. Traveling aboard the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery, 104 men landed in Virginia in 1607 at a place they named Jamestown. This was the first permanent English settlement in the New World. Thirteen years later, 102 settlers aboard the Mayflower landed in Massachusetts at a place they named ...

What were the causes of the Jamestown incident?

Inexperience, unwillingness to work, and the lack of wilderness survival skills led to bickering, disagreements, and inaction at Jamestown. Poor Indian relations, disease, and the initial absence of the family unit compounded the problems.

Why did the Pilgrims leave England?

Freedom from religious persecution motivated the Pilgrims to leave England and settle in Holland, where there was more religious freedom. However, after a number of years the Pilgrims felt that their children were being corrupted by the liberal Dutch lifestyle and were losing their English heritage.

What happened before the Pilgrims arrived?

Prior to the Pilgrims' arrival, an epidemic wiped out the majority of the New England Indians. Several survivors befriended and assisted the colonists. Good relations ended in 1636 when the Massachusetts Bay Puritans declared war on the Pequot Tribe and Plymouth was dragged into the conflict. LEGENDS.

How many settlers were there on the Mayflower?

Thirteen years later, 102 settlers aboard the Mayflower landed in Massachusetts at a place they named Plymouth. With these two colonies, English settlement in North America was born. Jamestown offered anchorage and a good defensive position. Warm climate and fertile soil allowed large plantations to prosper.

What were the reasons for the colonization of Virginia?

REASONS FOR THE COLONIES. Economic motives prompted colonization in Virginia. The Virginia Company of London, organized in 1606, sponsored the Virginia Colony. Organizers of the company wanted to expand English trade and obtain a wider market for English manufactured goods.

What were the obstacles to overcome after the Indian uprising?

Vast differences in culture, philosophies, and the English desire for dominance were obstacles too great to overcome. After the Indian uprising in 1622, the colonists gave up attempts to christianize and live peacefully with the Powhatans.

Overview

Background

Jamestown Festival Park

400th anniversary

Attractions

See also

External links