Who was Anthony Ashley Cooper?
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1 st Earl of Shaftesbury, was a renowned English statesman who came to found the Whig Party in 18 th century England and served as a Lord Proprietor of the Province of Carolina.
Where did Anthony Ashley get his inheritance from?
From his maternal grandfather, Sir Anthony Ashley, and his father, Sir John Cooper, Anthony inherited estates in Dorset and Wiltshire, and, although some were lost through litigations during his minority, his inheritance was large enough to enable him to contemplate early a career in politics.
How did John Locke meet Ashley Cooper?
In 1666 Locke was introduced to Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, later 1st earl of Shaftesbury, by a mutual acquaintance. As a member and eventually the leader of a group of opposition politicians known as the Whigs, Ashley was one of the most powerful figures….
Who founded the Carolinas and Georgia colonies?
American colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia. Sir John Colleton and Anthony Ashley Cooper, who later became Lord Shaftesbury, founded Charleston, South Carolina, in 1670 with settlers from England and overcrowded Barbados.
What characterized the first generation of New England Land Settlement?
What characterized the first generation of New England land settlement? It was characterized by households situated in the village, with farmland placed outside the village.
What was the country with the greatest number of people migrating in the seventeenth century?
Which country had the greatest number of people emigrate in the seventeenth century? England.
How did Bacon's Rebellion transform labor systems in Virginia?
How did Bacon's Rebellion transform labor systems in Virginia? It influenced planters to abandon indentured servants in favor of slaves. Why did Charles I restore the Virginia assembly? He needed tobacco revenues and the support of Virginia's planters.
What became South Carolina's staple crop in the 1600s?
South Carolina's first great agricultural staple, rice dominated the lowcountry's economy for almost two hundred years, influencing almost every aspect of life in the region from the early eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. Rice was responsible for the area's rise to prominence in the colonial era.
When did most Norwegians come to America?
Between 1820 and 1925 as many as 860,000 Norwegians emigrated to the U.S. The early immigrants often came from farms and therefore they settled in rural areas in the Midwest. Thus the Norwegians became the most rural of any immigrant group arriving in America in the nineteenth century.
Why did Brits move to America?
Jamestown In 1606, a group of English merchants received permission from King James I to set up a colony in North America. These merchants hoped to find riches to rival the Aztec empire in Mexico. In December 1606, three ships carry- ing about 100 men and boys sailed for a part of North America they called Virginia.
How did Bacon's rebellion affect the colonies?
Bacon's Rebellion also impacted the colonies economically. Taxes were reduced in the colonies. There were lots of efforts to improve the image of those who governed Virginia. Freemen were given their rights back to them.
What was Bacon's rebellion and what was its outcome?
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was the last major uprising of enslaved blacks and white indentured servants in Colonial Virginia. One consequence of the failed rebellion was the intensification of African slavery and the social separation of blacks and whites in Virginia.
How did Bacon's rebellion lead Virginia to adopt slavery?
How did Bacon's Rebellion lead Virginia to adopt slavery? Laborers were in short supply since many settlers were killed in the rebellion. It showed the government that indentured servants were volatile. The new governor installed after the rebellion had slaves.
Why did they stop growing rice in South Carolina?
Rice remained a dominant commodity on the coastal rivers of South Carolina until the end of the Civil War, when production started a long decline due to a loss of labor and working capital, and aided by several severe storms. In the early 1900's rice farming disappeared from the state all together.
What made South Carolina able to become one of England's most profitable colonies?
South Carolina's capital city of Charleston became a major port for traffic on the Atlantic Ocean, and South Carolina developed indigo, rice and Sea Island cotton as commodity crop exports, making it one of the most prosperous of the colonies.
Is rice still grown in South Carolina?
Yes, South Carolina's rice industry collapsed more than a century ago, but traditional rice cultivation continued to persist on a much smaller scale. 10. Rice is again being commercially grown in South Carolina.
Why did most Spanish settlers leave New Mexico around 1600?
Following Juan de Oñate's pillaging along the Rio Grande and the massacre of over 800 men, women, and children at Acoma pueblo, most Spanish settlers left the region because they feared that the Pueblo Indians would exact revenge.
Why was the town meeting significant in seventeenth century New England?
Why was the New England town meeting significant? Its popular political participation was unprecedented during the seventeenth century. a reinforcement of community conformity.
Who were the seventeenth century English Puritans quizlet?
The Puritans were a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. They came to the New England in large numbers and absorbed Plymouth by 1691. Famed Puritan, John Winthrop, led the colony with the vision of a "City on a Hill." The Puritans were distinctive in that, they had self-governing churches.
Why did the Puritans flee England for North America in the early 1600s quizlet?
Why did the Puritans flee England for North America in the early 1600s? They wanted to save themselves from God's anger. Puritans believed that various calamities that had struck England in recent years were all signs of God's punishment of England for its corruption.
Who was Anthony Ashley's father?
From his maternal grandfather, Sir Anthony Ashley, and his father, Sir John Cooper, Anthony inherited estates in Dorset and Wiltshire, and, although some were lost through litigations during his minority, his inheritance was large enough to enable him to contemplate early a career in politics. On February 25, 1639, he married Margaret, the daughter of Lord Coventry, Charles I’s lord keeper; this marriage ended with her death 10 years later. At only 18, he had been elected to the Short Parliament (April–May) of 1640, but his election to the Long Parliament of the same year was disputed and he was not allowed to take his seat.
What was Shaftesbury's interest?
Shaftesbury was a man of intelligence, charm, and wide and usually enlightened interests, including those related to colonization.
Why was the Exclusion Bill rejected?
Although the bill passed in the Commons, it was rejected by the Lords because of the king’s strong opposition. Shaftesbury rode to the next Parliament, at Oxford on March 21, 1681, with an armed following, but Charles dissolved it within a week, leaving him helpless, without a following, and, as the general panic dissolved, without a cause.
When was Shaftesbury acquitted of treason?
He was seized on July 2, 1681, and committed to the Tower of London, but he was acquitted of the trumped-up charge of treason by a London grand jury in November. Shortly before the trial the most famous attack on him, John Dryden’s satire Absalom and Achitophel, appeared. In the absence of another Parliament, Shaftesbury could do little more. After privately discussing the possibility of rising against the government, he fled the country in November 1682 and died in Holland in January 1683.
What was Charles' strategy for the Exclusion Bill?
His strategy was primarily aimed at securing the passage of the Exclusion Bill, which would keep the Catholic James from the throne, using Charles’s illegitimate son, the duke of Monmouth, a puppet of Shaftesbury, as a possible claimant to the throne.
Who was the Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672?
Office under Charles II. From 1660 to 1673 he held office under Charles II, becoming Baron Ashley in 1661 and earl of Shaftesbury in 1672.
Which state seized Pequot land and gave it to its colonists?
Connecticut seized Pequot land and gave it to its colonists.
What happened after 1660?
After 1660, a large migration of English islanders added significantly to British North America's population .
Who ended his predecessor's practice of tolerating Puritans?
Charles I ended his predecessor's practice of tolerating Puritans.
What happened in 1691-1692?
In 1691-1692, mass hysteria struck the town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the form of an outbreak of alleged witchcraft. True or False. True. The colony of Pennsylvania was one of the most diverse in English North America, with English, German, Scots-Irish, and a variety of smaller national and ethnic groups represented.
Why did New Englanders have a shorter life span?
Because of the harsh North American environment , New Englanders had a shorter life. span and raised fewer children to adulthood than people living in the warmer Chesapeake climate. b. Because of better diets and the slow spread of infection, New Englanders had a longer life span and raised more children to adulthood than people in the Chesapeake.
Who could inspire every soul?
a. The Holy Spirit could inspire every soul
Why was John Cooper named Anthony Ashley Cooper?
He was named Anthony Ashley Cooper because of a promise the couple had made to Sir Anthony. Although Sir Anthony Ashley was of minor gentry stock, he had served as Secretary at War in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, and in 1622, two years after the death of his first wife, Sir Anthony Ashley married the 19-year-old Philippa Sheldon (51 years his junior), a relative of George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, thus cementing relations with the most powerful man at court. Cooper's father was created a baronet in 1622, and he represented Poole in the parliaments of 1625 and 1628, supporting the attack on Richard Neile, Bishop of Winchester for his Arminian tendencies. Sir Anthony Ashley insisted that a man with Puritan leanings, Aaron Guerdon, be chosen as Cooper's first tutor.
Why was Shaftesbury angry with Charles II?
Charles II thought that Shaftesbury was mainly angry because he had been out of royal favour for long , and hoped that he could rein Shaftesbury in by naming him Lord President of the Council on 21 April 1679, with a salary of £4,000 a year. Soon, however, Shaftesbury made it clear that he could not be bought off. During meetings of the now reconstituted privy council, Shaftesbury repeatedly argued that the Duke of York must be excluded from the line of succession. He also continued to argue that Charles should remarry a Protestant princess, or legitimise James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth. During these meetings, Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex and George Savile, 1st Earl of Halifax argued that the powers of a Catholic successor could be limited, but Shaftesbury argued that that would change "the whole government, and set up a democracy instead of a monarchy."
What did Charles II do to restore the monarchy?
Later as a member and patron he opposed the New Model Army 's attempts to rule after Richard Cromwell 's ousting; encouraged Sir George Monck 's march on London, a pivotal march in restoring the monarchy; sat in the Convention Parliament of 1660 which agreed to restore the English monarchy; and travelled as a member of its twelve-strong delegation to the Dutch Republic to invite King Charles II to return. Charles, shortly before his coronation, created Cooper Lord Ashley; thus, when the Cavalier Parliament assembled in 1661 the new peer moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1661–1672. During the ministry of the Earl of Clarendon, he opposed the Clarendon Code, preferring Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence (1662), which the King became forced to scrap. After the fall of Clarendon, he was one of the five among the later-criticised, acronym-based, Cabal Ministry or 'the cabal', serving as Lord Chancellor in 1672–1673 — he was created Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672. During this period, John Locke entered his household. Ashley took an interest in colonial ventures and was one of the Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina. In 1669, Ashley and Locke collaborated in writing the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. By 1673, Ashley was worried that the heir to the throne, James, Duke of York, was secretly a Roman Catholic .
What did Shaftesbury say about the Cavalier Parliament?
On 3 February 1675, Shaftesbury wrote a letter to Carlisle in which he argued that the king needed to dissolve the Cavalier Parliament , which had been elected in early 1661, and call fresh elections. He argued that frequent parliamentary elections were in the best interest of both the crown and the people of England. This letter circulated widely in manuscript form.
What was Shaftesbury's plan for the Habeas Corpus Parliament?
In preparation for this parliament, Shaftesbury drew up a list of members of the House of Commons in which he estimated that 32% of the members were friends of the court, 61% favoured the opposition, and 7% could go either way. He also drafted a pamphlet that was never published, entitled "The Present State of the Kingdom": in this pamphlet, Shaftesbury expressed concern about the power of France, the Popish Plot, and the bad influence exerted on the king by Danby, the royal mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth (a Catholic), and the Duke of York, who, according to Shaftesbury was now attempting "to introduce a military and arbitrary government in his brother's time."
When did Shaftesbury indict York?
In February 1681 , Shaftesbury and his supporters brought another indictment against York, this time at the Old Bailey, with the grand jury this time finding the bill true, although York's counsel were able to pursue procedural delays until the prosecution lapsed.
When did Lord Ashley become Chancellor of the Exchequer?
Following the coronation, the Cavalier Parliament met beginning on 8 May 1661. Lord Ashley took his seat in the House of Lords on 11 May. On 11 May , the king appointed Ashley as his Chancellor of the Exchequer and under-treasurer (Southampton, Ashley's uncle by marriage, was at the time Lord High Treasurer ).