Before industrialization, when the most significant economic activities in most European countries were small-scale farming and artisan handicrafts, social structures remained essentially as they had been during the Middle Ages. The advent of industrial development revamped patterns of human settlement, labor, and family life.
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How did Europe change during the Industrial Revolution?
Changes such as the Industrial Revolution and political liberalization spread first and fastest in western Europe—Britain, France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, and, to an extent, Germany and Italy. Eastern and southern Europe, more rural at the outset of the period, changed more slowly and in somewhat different ways.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect England’s population?
The Industrial Revolution indirectly helped in increasing England’s population. The people of the middle and upper classes enjoyed better diet and lived in more sanitary houses. Thus, they suffered less from disease and lived longer. Later, the material condition of the working class also improved.
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to international economic dependence?
Thus, the need for ready markets for their manufactured goods and cheap raw materials led the industrially advanced nations of Western Europe to conquer the economically backward countries of Asia and Africa. The Industrial Revolution led to international economic dependence. The cotton textile industries of England depended
How did the European continent change over time?
Finally, the European continent was to an extent divided between two zones of differential development. Changes such as the Industrial Revolution and political liberalization spread first and fastest in western Europe—Britain, France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, and, to an extent, Germany and Italy.
What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on settlement patterns?
The population increase added to the number of people facing difficulties making a living on the land. Many left their agrarian lives behind and headed for towns and cities to find employment. Advances in industry and the growth of factory production accelerated the trend toward urbanization in Britain.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe?
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.
How did the Industrial Revolution change population patterns in Europe?
The Industrial Revolution significantly changed population patterns, migrations, and environments. In industrialized nations people moved to the areas around factories to work there, cities grew, and as a result an overall migration from rural to urban areas took place.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect European peasants?
These peasants, in turn, produced food for sale in growing urban markets. Domestic manufacturing soared, as hundreds of thousands of rural producers worked full- or part-time to make thread and cloth, nails and tools under the sponsorship of urban merchants.
What is the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
The Industrial Revolution was a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies—especially in Europe and North America—into industrialized, urban ones.
What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe quizlet?
People largely moved into cities in order to work in the factories (urbanization). How did people's homes change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? The aristocracy became less important as wealth moved into the cities.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect population distribution?
By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. A main reason for this was 18th century agricultural improvements, which all but ended the periodic famines that had kept down European populations. From 1750 to 1850, the population of England alone nearly tripled.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect population growth?
The rise of mills and factories drew an influx of people to cities—and placed new demand on urban infrastructures. The rise of mills and factories drew an influx of people to cities—and placed new demand on urban infrastructures.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?
How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world? A) Europe became more powerful by exporting more goods than it imported. B) Europe pulled back from its earlier interest in overseas colonization.
What was the social impact of industrialization in Europe?
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities.
What was a major social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolutions? It brought rapid urbanization and created a new industrial middle class and industrial working class. It brought material benefits and new opportunities, but also brought great hardships to factory workers and miners, especially women and children.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe's population and employment opportunities?
Many factories had poor working conditions. Europe experienced a shift from the more labor- intensive economy to a more capital- intensive economy based on manufacturing by machine, specialized labor, and industrial factories. Development of large factories led to mass movements of people to move to urban areas.
What caused Industrial Revolution in Europe?
Historians have identified several causes for the Industrial Revolution, including: the emergence of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution. Capitalism was a central component necessary for the rise of industrialization.
How did the Industrial Revolution help lead to European imperialism?
The industrial revolution was the force behind this New Imperialism, as it created not only the need for Europe to expand, but the power to successfully take and profitably maintain so many colonies overseas. The industrial revolution created the need for Europe to take over colonies around the world.
What advantages did Europe have to benefit from the Industrial Revolution?
What advantages in Europe (and specifically England) have to benefit from the Industrial Revolution? One advantage that the Europeans had was coal. Transportation, communication, chemical manufacturing, and industrial efficiency all come back to coal.
What was the social impact of industrialization in Europe?
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities.
How did the Industrial Revolution help Europe?
Europe’s control helped spread Christianity in Asia and Africa. The Industrial Revolution helped Europe’s pace of science, technology, and industry. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution helped Europe expand, gain power, and maintain profitability. First the Europeans focused on resources and more control to expand. Then they started improving their weapons and increasing their coal and textile productivity. Next, Europe needed to maintain control. So they made things more affordable for their people. This is why the Industrial Revolution helped Europe be so successful and take up 80 percent of the
What did the Europeans want from the Industrial Revolution?
Raw materials such as tobacco, grapes, and rice were some of the resources the Europeans wanted. Also, they wanted more colonies like Plymouth and Charleston for more control along the Atlantic coast. This is the Industrial Revolution made Europe want to expand. Secondly, with all the factories that Europe has, it gave them more improved weapons such as guns, armed ships, and fortifications. International trade is one of the things Europe did for resources. The coal mines and textile factories played a big role for the Europeans. Steam engines and furnaces needed coal and clothes were made in textile factories. Raw materials like food and wood allowed Europe to expand.…show more content…
How did European technology help the colonized countries?
The European technologies helped countries in advancing the colonized Asian countries and Africa. The colonized countries got ideas how their countries should be governed in order to be advance and strong country. During imperialism, as Europeans entered the colonized countries many Western cultures and customs were introduced, which helped the countries in becoming more diversited. The countries became more industrialized, helping in increasing the manufacturing of the
How did mercantilism affect the colonization of other parts of the world?
European colonization of other parts of the world was affected by mercantilism due to its ability to strengthen a nation through its attribute to increase wealth. Increased wealth always helped make a nation stronger by building a stronger military and helped it expand the nations influence and supported the lives of others. Its wealth was increased due to the new goods introduced to Europe which was able to be sold to other countries who lacked this good and was able to make a profit from it. Not only that but through mercantilism businesses of all kinds were able to expand and continued to shape up the economy. As Europe began to colonize other parts of the world, such as North and South America, they discovered new goods there such as food
How did industrialization affect the United States?
Without a doubt, industrialization was one of the biggest factors in how the United States developed. It gave us the means of mass production, better transportation, and eventually the consumerist society that the United States is today. Industrialization did drastically change American society, but did it change America for the better? Did it do more good than bad? While industrialization did lead to multiple social and economic problems, the advantages significantly outweigh the disadvantages.
How did immigration affect the rise of big business?
The effects of immigration’s role in the rise of Big Business are not just limited to the new technology and ideas from Europe, but also the increased belief in the middle class and urbanization. They entered America legally through Ellis Island in New York or Angel Island in San Francisco, yet others entered illegally and found a way to remain hidden from the law. Before the elevation of Big Business in America, Europe had been industrializing throughout the entirety of the 1800s; therefore, after this rapid urbanization the immigrants supplied new technology, ideas, and more support for better factory conditions. Clearly, the growth of the number of immigrants in America created a demand for similar advancements in
How did Columbus help the Europeans?
The Europeans were making money off of cash crops planted in the fertile land, which helped them to become more powerful. For example, the tobacco seed brought in extreme wealth and without Columbus’ exploration, the plant may have never been cultivated. The new world also provided vast land to populate, which helped to increase their culture’s size, which lead to a more advanced society because they had more people learning and working. Columbus’ travels provided educational and economic opportunities that bettered Europe and advance their society. Because of the improvements Columbus’ journey provided to European society, he is worthy of a celebratory
What was the industrial revolution in Europe?
One of the triggers was the unusually high growth in the population which set in around the middle of the 18th century and produced a gigantic reservoir of workers.
What were the main features of the Industrial Revolution?
The industrial revolution in Europe had very different features. Belgium, one of the first industrialised countries, was able to draw on rich resources of iron ore and coal and a strong tradition of textile manufacturing. For this reason industrial development ran along similar lines to that in Great Britain.
What was France's main competitor?
France was a major industrial competitor on an equal level with Great Britain. As early as the 18th century, supplies of cotton to the textile factories rose five times as quickly as in the British Isles. French manufacturers concentrated on finished products. These were often luxury goods like woven silk, china and leather goods. Such traditional trades were the first to be mechanised and this explains why the first major strikes happened in the silk-processing industries. Skilled workers in Lyons took industrial action in the 1830s to force the introduction of minimum wages. Since France has relatively few resources of coal and iron, collieries and ironworks only began to appear in the middle of the 19th century to cater for the growing railway industry. Slowly but surely the focus of employment began to switch from the agrarian sector to industrial production.
How many hours did the workers work?
Working hours were around 14 hours a day and the workers were slaves to the rhythm of the machines. Women were expected to work just as hard for less pay, especially in the collieries and textile factories. Children too were unscrupulously exploited. The workers lived in constant fear of unemployment and hunger.
What happened at the same time as the iron industry broke out?
As soon as people discovered how to turn coal into coke iron manufacturers had excellent, almost unlimited reserves of fuel at their disposal with which to process iron ore.
Why did Germany develop new methods of production so late?
In Germany new methods of production developed very late because the country was divided up into so many small states. Nevertheless after the customs union of 1834 productive heavy industries developed in the mining regions of upper Silesia, in the Saarland and the Ruhrgebiet.
What were the advantages of the United Kingdom?
In this situation Great Britain enjoyed two important advantages: an extremely productive and wealthy agricultural system, and an astonishing number of creative inventors. This was why the United Kingdom dictated the rhythm of progress to the rest of Europe from 1750 onwards for the next century or so.
What were the major economic changes in Europe during the late 18th century?
Major economic change was spurred by western Europe’s tremendous population growth during the late 18th century, extending well into the 19th century itself. Between 1750 and 1800, the populations of major countries increased between 50 and 100 percent, chiefly as a result of the use of new food crops (such as the potato) and a temporary decline in epidemic disease. Population growth of this magnitude compelled change. Peasant and artisanal children found their paths to inheritance blocked by sheer numbers and thus had to seek new forms of paying labour. Families of businessmen and landlords also had to innovate to take care of unexpectedly large surviving broods. These pressures occurred in a society already attuned to market transactions, possessed of an active merchant class, and blessed with considerable capital and access to overseas markets as a result of existing dominance in world trade.
Where did the Industrial Revolution take place?
Governments and private entrepreneurs worked hard to imitate British technologies after 1820, by which time an intense industrial revolution was taking shape in many parts of western Europe, particularly in coal-rich regions such as Belgium, northern France, and the Ruhr area of Germany. German pig iron production, a mere 40,000 tons in 1825, ...
What was the result of urbanization?
Urbanization was a vital result of growing commercialization and new industrial technology. Factory centres such as Manchester grew from villages into cities of hundreds of thousands in a few short decades. The percentage of the total population located in cities expanded steadily, and big cities tended to displace more scattered centres in western Europe’s urban map. Rapid city growth produced new hardships, for housing stock and sanitary facilities could not keep pace, though innovation responded, if slowly. Gas lighting improved street conditions in the better neighbourhoods from the 1830s onward, and sanitary reformers pressed for underground sewage systems at about this time. For the better-off, rapid suburban growth allowed some escape from the worst urban miseries.
What was the development of modern Europe between the 1780s and 1849?
Undergirding the development of modern Europe between the 1780s and 1849 was an unprecedented economic transformation that embraced the first stages of the great Industrial Revolution and a still more general expansion of commercial activity. Articulate Europeans were initially more impressed by the screaming political news generated by ...
How did gas lighting affect the lives of the people of the 1830s?
Gas lighting improved street conditions in the better neighbourhoods from the 1830s onward, and sanitary reformers pressed for underground sewage systems at about this time. For the better-off, rapid suburban growth allowed some escape from the worst urban miseries. Rural life changed less dramatically.
How did craft work change Europe?
Craft work in the cities began to shift toward production for distant markets, which encouraged artisan-owners to treat their journeymen less as fellow workers and more as wage labourers. Europe’s social structure changed toward a basic division, both rural and urban, between owners and nonowners.
How did concentration of labor affect productivity?
Concentration of labour also allowed new discipline and specialization, which increased productivity. The new machinery was expensive, and businessmen setting up even modest factories had to accumulate substantial capital through partnerships, loans from banks, or joint-stock ventures.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the world?
The Industrial Revolution led to a new balance of world powers. It became more and more clear that military strength depended on industrialization. The progress of the Industrial Revolution in England, France and Germany was the most powerful factor that contributed to the dominance of Europe by these three nations at the beginning of the twentieth century. The adoption of the Industrial Revolution in the later nineteenth century led to the emergence of Japan as a major industrial and military power in the Far East. The industrial progress of the Northern United States led to its victory over the predominantly agrarian Southern States in the American Civil War (1860-65).
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the political life of England?
The middle class acquired a#N#large measure of political power through the Reform Bill of 1832. This bill redistributed seats in Parliament to grant representation to the new industrial centres and to diminish the representation of the so called ―rotten borough‖. It also gave the right to vote to a large new group of the moderately well to do. The middle class was also successful in putting down the agitation of the Chartists, which was essentially an effort to secure for the lower classes the same political rights as has been acquired by the middle class through the Reform Bill of 1832. In France, the position of the middle class was strengthened by the Revolution of 1830, which put Louis Philippe on the throne as a constitutional monarch. The accession of Louis Philippe enabled the French middle class to have an effective control over the government as in England.
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on Japan?
The adoption of the Industrial Revolution in the later nineteenth century led to the emergence of Japan as a major industrial and military power in the Far East. The industrial progress of the Northern United States led to its victory over the predominantly agrarian Southern States in the American Civil War (1860-65).
Why were wages low in the 1800s?
Due to the Industrial Revolution, the factory wages were low. Some employers deliberately kept them low. Many people agreed with the English writer Arthur Young, who wrote: “Every one but an idiot knows that the lower classes must be kept poor, or they will never be industrious.” However, the working and living conditions of the working class began to improve during the 1800’s. The British Parliament began to act in the interest of the middle and working classes. It passed laws regulating factory conditions.
Why did the agitation by reformers lead to a better deal to the workers in general and women and children?
These miserable conditions continued for more than half a century in England. Due to the agitation by reformers, public conscience and government intervention led to a better deal to the workers in general and women and children in particular.
How did the middle class in France change?
In France, the position of the middle class was strengthened by the Revolution of 1830, which put Louis Philippe on the throne as a constitutional monarch. The accession of Louis Philippe enabled the French middle class to have an effective control over the government as in England.
What was the result of the development of multiplied productivity?
The development of multiplied productivity required an ever larger market for the selling of the product. As domestic markets began to reach a saturation point, the pressure for imperialistic expansion and spheres of influence in the underdeveloped parts of the world increased.
When did Europe deal with the forces of political revolution?
Overriding these important markers, however, a simpler division can also be useful. Between 1789 and 1849 Europe dealt with the forces of political revolution and the first impact of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1849 and 1914 a fuller industrial society emerged, including new forms of states and of diplomatic and military alignments.
What was Europe like during its 125 year history?
Europe during this 125-year span was both united and deeply divided. A number of basic cultural trends, including new literary styles and the spread of science, ran through the entire continent. European states were increasingly locked in diplomatic interaction, culminating in continentwide alliance systems after 1871.
What were the major events of the 19th century?
Developments in 19th-century Europe are bounded by two great events. The French Revolution broke out in 1789, and its effects reverberated throughout much of Europe for many decades. World War I began in 1914. Its inception resulted from many trends in European society, culture, and diplomacy during the late 19th century.
Which two countries were divided into two zones of differential development?
Changes such as the Industrial Revolution and political liberalization spread first and fastest in western Europe—Britain, France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, and, to an extent, Germany and Italy . Eastern and southern Europe, more rural ...