Spanish Settlement After the discovery of Cuba by Christopher Columbus at october 28 of 1492, the spanish settlement started in the Island. The Colonizers arrived and once and for all they imposed customs, culture and ways, that anything had to see with who they constituted the autochthonous population until then.
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Why did the Spanish settle in Florida?
Settlement and fortification. The establishment of permanent settlements and fortifications in Florida by Spain was in response to the challenge posed by French Florida: French captain Jean Ribault led an expedition to Florida, and established Charlesfort on what is now Parris Island, South Carolina, in 1562.
How did the Spanish explore and settle in Spain?
Spanish Exploration and Settlement. Motivated by visions of huge profits, adventurers were willing to take risks in searching for trade routes to previously unknown lands. At that time, the only way for Europeans to reach the Far East was to sail south along the west coast of Africa and then east into the Indian Ocean.
When did the Spanish settle in North America?
Settlement in the Americas, ca. 1600. Although the crowns asserted sovereignty over great expanses of territory, this modern map shows the sparseness of actual European settlement in dark blue. Spanish historical presence, claimed territories, points of interest and expeditions in North America.
What was the impact of the Spanish settlement of Jamestown?
The impact of this settlement was slight, however, since it served primarily as a base camp for other exploratory ventures and also as the center of efforts to convert the area's natives to Roman Catholicism. A handful of Spanish settlements was established in outlying areas, but they soon fell prey to Indian attacks or economic insufficiency.
When did the Spanish Empire flourish?
Freed from French opposition, Spain reached the zenith of its might and territorial reach in the period 1559–1643. The opening for the Genoese banking consortium was the state bankruptcy of Philip II in 1557, which threw the German banking houses into chaos and ended the reign of the Fuggers as Spanish financiers.
How did the Spanish expand their colonial empire?
The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the vast territory. The main motivations for colonial expansion were profit through resource extraction and the spread of Catholicism through indigenous conversions.
Why were the Spanish so successful at colonization?
“The Spanish state was strong, both in terms of military power and administrative organization[10]”, and this was a decisive factor, as it made collection of levied taxes most effective. These accumulated cash reserves were used to finance colonial ventures, notably those of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.
How was the Spanish settlement established?
In 1493, during his second voyage, Columbus founded Isabela, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World, on Hispaniola. After finding gold in recoverable quantities nearby, the Spanish quickly overran the island and spread to Puerto Rico in 1508, to Jamaica in 1509, and to Cuba in 1511.
How did the Spanish establish and maintain their new colonies?
The Spanish imposed the encomienda system in the areas they controlled. Under this system, authorities assigned Indian workers to mine and plantation owners with the understanding that the recipients would defend the colony and teach the workers the tenets of Christianity.
How did the Spanish succeed in conquering much of the Americas?
The Spanish were able to defeat the Aztec and the Inca not only because they had horses, dogs, guns, and swords, but also because they brought with them germs that made many native Americans sick. Diseases like smallpox and measles were unknown among the natives; therefore, they had no immunity to them.
How were the Spanish able to conquer and colonize so much of the New World?
Spanish conquistadors, who were primarily poor nobles from the impoverished west and south of Spain, were able to conquer the huge empires of the New World with the help of superior military technology, disease (which weakened indigenous resistance), and military tactics including surprise attacks and powerful ...
What three reasons explain Spain's success in building an empire in the Americas?
It killed many of them and made them easier to control. Second, Spain had much better training as soldiers, had better weapons, and better technology for the time than the Native Americans. Third, Spain was able to enlist the help of some of the nearby Native American groups to help them conquer the Azecs and Incas.
What were the three main motivating factors for Spanish to begin colonizing?
Motivations for colonization: Spain's colonization goals were to extract gold and silver from the Americas, to stimulate the Spanish economy and make Spain a more powerful country. Spain also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
What was the impact of Spain's settlement in the Americas?
The impact of Spain's settlement in the Americas was to convert all American Native Indians to Catholic.
Why was Spain so powerful?
During the 16th century, Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe, due to the immense wealth derived from their possessions in the Americas. The steady decline of Spanish power in Europe began at the end of the 16th century, in the 19th century Spain suffered the loss of most of its colonies.
What was the main reason why the Spanish settlers established a colony in New Mexico rather than remaining in Florida?
Most of the native people of Florida died of disease brought by settlers. What was the main reason why the Spanish settlers established a colony in New Mexico rather than remaining in Florida? Who implemented the Headright system? The Spanish had attempted to keep the Pueblos from practicing their native religion.
How did Spain build and manage their empires?
In order to control its new empire, Spain created a formal system of government to rule its colonies. todemand labor or taxes from Native Americans. The Spanish forced Native Americans to work in the gold and silver mines. Many died when the tunnels caved in.
What three reasons explain Spain's success in building an empire in the Americas?
It killed many of them and made them easier to control. Second, Spain had much better training as soldiers, had better weapons, and better technology for the time than the Native Americans. Third, Spain was able to enlist the help of some of the nearby Native American groups to help them conquer the Azecs and Incas.
How were the Spanish able to conquer and colonize the Americas?
Spanish conquistadors, who were primarily poor nobles from the impoverished west and south of Spain, were able to conquer the huge empires of the New World with the help of superior military technology, disease (which weakened indigenous resistance), and military tactics including surprise attacks and powerful ...
What were the three main motivating factors for Spanish to begin colonizing?
Motivations for colonization: Spain's colonization goals were to extract gold and silver from the Americas, to stimulate the Spanish economy and make Spain a more powerful country. Spain also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
When did the Spanish settle in Cuba?
Spanish Settlement. After the discovery of Cuba by Christopher Columbus at october 28 of 1492, the spanish settlement started in the Island. The Colonizers arrived and once and for all they imposed customs, culture and ways, that anything had to see with who they constituted the autochthonous population until then.
Who was determined to begin the conquest and colonization of the rest of the island?
Settlement. After finishing with the rebellion of Hatuey, Diego Velázuez was determined to begin the conquest and colonization of the rest of the island.
What was the first walk in Havana?
Havana increased the pavimentación and it began the illumination of the streets, it prepared sanitary measures, and it began the construction of the first Havanan walk, La Alameda de Paula ... read more.
Where were the trapiches located in Cuba?
The new factories or trapiches were located in the vicinities of the urban centers.
When were the fortresses of El Morro reconstructed?
In the very short period of two year, in Havana the fortresses of El Morro, La Fuerza and La Punta are reconstructed ... Toward 1774, the system was completed with the amplification of the castles of San Severino in Matanzas and El Morro in Santiago de Cuba ...
Who was the fugitive cacique of the Spaniard who was captured and burned alive as punishment?
Alerted about the outrages made by the Spaniards in the neighboring islands, the aboriginal of the Oriente of Cuba resisted the Hispanic invasion, directed by Yahatuey or Hatuey, a fugitive cacique of The Spaniard who finally was captured and burnt alive as punishment.
When did the slaves come to Cuba?
Slavery and Rebellion in Cuba. The first authorization of the king from Spain to introduce black slaves in Cuba, took place in 1512. The fundamental cause to bring them was their strength and performance at work in comparison with the aborigines ... read more.
When did the Spanish settle Chile?
The Spanish did establish the settlement of Chile in 1541, founded by Pedro de Valdivia. Southward colonization by the Spanish in Chile halted after the conquest of Chiloé Archipelago in 1567.
Which two countries were the main hubs of Spanish settlers?
The capitals of Mexico and Peru, Mexico City and Lima came to have large concentrations of Spanish settlers and became the hubs of royal and ecclesiastical administration, large commercial enterprises and skilled artisans, and centers of culture.
What was the Spanish expansion?
The Spanish expansion has sometimes been succinctly summed up as "gold, glory, God." The search for material wealth, the enhancement of the conquerors' and the crown's position, and the expansion of Christianity. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions ( entradas) of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy. Expeditions required authorization by the crown, which laid out the terms of such expedition. Virtually all expeditions after the Columbus voyages, which were funded by the crown of Castile, were done at the expense of the leader of the expedition and its participants. Although often the participants, conquistadors, are now termed “soldiers”, they were not paid soldiers in ranks of an army, but rather soldiers of fortune, who joined an expedition with the expectation of profiting from it. The leader of an expedition, the adelantado was a senior with material wealth and standing who could persuade the crown to issue him a license for an expedition. He also had to attract participants to the expedition who staked their own lives and meager fortunes on the expectation of the expedition’s success. The leader of the expedition pledged the larger share of capital to the enterprise, which in many ways functioned as a commercial firm. Upon the success of the expedition, the spoils of war were divvied up in proportion to the amount a participant initially staked, with the leader receiving the largest share. Participants supplied their own armor and weapons, and those who had a horse received two shares, one for himself, the second recognizing the value of the horse as a machine of war. For the conquest era, two names of Spaniards are generally known because they led the conquests of high indigenous civilizations, Hernán Cortés, leader of the expedition that conquered the Aztecs of Central Mexico, and Francisco Pizarro, leader of the conquest of the Inca in Peru.
What was the result of the Spanish American wars of independence?
In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the secession and subsequent division of most Spanish territories in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were lost to the United States in 1898, following the Spanish–American War.
What was the Spanish empire's territory?
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and gaining control over more territory for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America.
What was the Spanish colony of the Americas?
e. The Spanish colonization of the Americas began under the Crown of Castile, and was spearheaded by the Spanish conquistadors. The Americas were invaded and incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, British America, and some small regions in South America and the Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures ...
Why did the Jesuits resist the Crown?
The Jesuits resisted crown control, refusing to pay the tithe on their estates that supported the ecclesiastical hierarchy and came into conflict with bishops. The most prominent example is in Puebla, Mexico, when Bishop Juan de Palafox y Mendoza was driven from his bishopric by the Jesuits. The bishop challenged the Jesuits' continuing to hold Indian parishes and function as priests without the required royal licenses. His fall from power is viewed as an example of the weakening of the crown in the mid-seventeenth century since it failed to protect their duly appointed bishop. The crown expelled the Jesuits from Spain and The Indies in 1767 during the Bourbon Reforms .
What was the French attempt to establish in Florida?
In 1562 and 1564, the French attempt to establish a colony on the Florida coast likewise failed. Commemorated at Fort Caroline National Memorial in Florida, the French story had a similar ending to that of the many Spanish efforts. When the French constructed their fort among the Timucua Indians, trouble developed between them dooming the French enterprise. Meanwhile, to combat the French threat, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sailed from Cuba in 1565 and founded the settlement and fort of San Agustín, the oldest colonial city within the limits of the United States. In 1565, Spanish troops from the newly established Castillo de San Marcos marched against Fort Caroline and took it and the surrounding settlements.
Where did the Spanish explorers live in Florida?
As in other parts of the Florida peninsula, Spanish explorers were active along the coast north and south of Cape Canaveral and Biscayne. In the early 16th century, Spanish explorers near Biscayne were unable to dominate the Tequesta tribe. Biscayne National Park interprets Spanish-Tequesta relations, demonstrating that the European presence may have led to political consolidation among them and that Spanish goods, acquired through trade or from coastal shipwrecks or raids against Spanish settlers, were a valuable contribution to their material culture. The Spanish attempt to establish a mission north of the present-day Biscayne in the late 16th century failed because the Tequesta were hostile to it. By the mid-17th century, the Tequesta were experiencing a decline caused by Creek raids and European diseases.
Who was the first European to claim Florida?
Spain's effective claim to Florida began with Juan Ponce de León 's discovery and naming of the flowery peninsula in 1513. Ponce de León led the first European expedition to the Dry Tortugas, today commemorated at Fort Jefferson National Monument.
Who discovered Florida?
Spain's effective claim to Florida began with Juan Ponce de León 's discovery and naming of the flowery peninsula in 1513.
What were the Spanish's first claims to the United States?
The Spanish claim to territories that are today the United States rested upon the 16th century exploits of Ponce de Le ón, Hernando De Soto, and Francisco Vázquez de Coronado . St. Augustine in Florida was established as a Spanish fort in 1565, the first permanent settlement in what would become the United States. The impact of this settlement was slight, however, since it served primarily as a base camp for other exploratory ventures and also as the center of efforts to convert the area's natives to Roman Catholicism. A handful of Spanish settlements was established in outlying areas, but they soon fell prey to Indian attacks or economic insufficiency. Greater progress was made by Spanish colonizers on the other side of the continent. In 1598, Don Juan Oñante led 500 men from Mexico northward into Pueblo lands in present-day New Mexico. The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain. Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee. Understandably, the Pueblo deeply resented the entire system — invasion of their lands, suppression of their religion, payment of tribute, and enforced loyalty to a foreign monarch. The encomienda was used throughout Spanish America. Its application differed sharply from one area to another, being relatively benign in some regions, but virtually enslaving in others. Reform of the system was sought by a Spanish missionary, Bartolomé de Las Casas . Oñante, fired by a passion for precious metals, launched a series of explorations eastward into present-day Kansas and Oklahoma, and westward to the Gulf of California. In some instances, he retraced Coronado's steps and was equally unsuccessful in discovering gold and silver. New settlements were erected at Santa Fe in 1609 and nearby Taos in 1615. Relationships between the colonists and the Pueblo improved as they cooperated in livestock raising (mostly cattle and sheep), but an undercurrent of resentment remained strong. In 1680, a major revolt broke out under native leader Papé. Hundreds were killed on both sides in the fighting and order was not restored until 1692. As the 17th century drew to a close, Spanish colonial administrators finally realized that, given their minority status in so many parts of New Spain, policy reform was necessary. In the coming years, the Pueblo were allowed to resume the practice of their religion, own land, and be free from forced labor. From a material standpoint, the Spanish ventures in the northern portions of their realm were far less successful than those to the south .
When did the Spanish revolt?
In 1680, a major revolt broke out under native leader Papé. Hundreds were killed on both sides in the fighting and order was not restored until 1692. As the 17th century drew to a close, Spanish colonial administrators finally realized that, given their minority status in so many parts of New Spain, policy reform was necessary.
What were the grants of the land?
The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.
Who was the Spanish missionary who used the Encomienda system?
Reform of the system was sought by a Spanish missionary, Bartolomé de Las Casas .
Who led the colonists to New Mexico?
Greater progress was made by Spanish colonizers on the other side of the continent. In 1598, Don Juan Oñante led 500 men from Mexico northward into Pueblo lands in present-day New Mexico. The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain.
What was the main reason for Spain to not establish plantations in Florida?
Due to disease and, later, raids by Carolina colonists and their Native American allies, the native population was not large enough for an encomienda system of forced agricultural labor, so Spain did not establish large plantations in Florida. Large free-range cattle ranches in north central Florida were the most successful agricultural enterprise and were able to supply both local and Cuban markets. The coastal towns of Pensacola and St. Augustine also provided ports where Spanish ships needing water or supplies could call.
Why did the Spanish mission system in Florida end?
The extent of Spanish Florida began to shrink in the 1600s, and the mission system was gradually abandoned due to native depopulation. Between disease, poor management, and ill-timed hurricanes, several Spanish attempts to establish new settlements in La Florida ended in failure.
When was Florida established?
Narváez expedition in 1528, Apalachee Bay. Spanish Florida was established in 1513, when Juan Ponce de León claimed peninsular Florida for Spain during the first official European expedition to North America.
What happened in the early 1800s?
In the early 1800s, tensions rose along the unguarded border between Spanish Florida and the state of Georgia as settlers skirmished with Seminoles over land and American slave-hunters raided Black Seminole villages in Florida.
What caused the decline of the native people of Florida?
However, conflict with Spanish expeditions, raids by the Carolina colonists and their native allies, and (especially) diseases brought from Europe resulted in a drastic decline in the population of all the indigenous peoples of Florida, and large swaths of the peninsula were mostly uninhabited by the early 1700s.
What was the first European land claim in North America?
North Carolina. Tennessee. Spanish Florida ( Spanish: La Florida) was the first major European land claim and attempted settlement in North America during the European Age of Discovery. La Florida formed part of the Captaincy General of Cuba, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the Spanish Empire during Spanish colonization of the Americas.
When did France sell Louisiana?
France sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803. The U.S. claimed that the transaction included West Florida, while Spain insisted that the area was not part of Louisiana and was still Spanish territory.
Overview
Imperial expansion
The expansion of Spain’s territory took place under the Catholic Monarchs Isabella of Castile, Queen of Castile and her husband King Ferdinand, King of Aragon, whose marriage marked the beginning of Spanish power beyond the Iberian peninsula. They pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created the initial stage of a single Spanish monarchy, completed under the eig…
Civil governance
The empire in the Indies was a newly established dependency of the kingdom of Castile alone, so crown power was not impeded by any existing cortes (i.e. parliament), administrative or ecclesiastical institution, or seigneurial group. The crown sought to establish and maintain control over its overseas possessions through a complex, hierarchical bureaucracy, which in many ways was decentr…
Catholic Church organization
During the early colonial period, the crown authorized friars of Catholic religious orders (Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians) to function as priests during the conversion of indigenous populations. During the early Age of Discovery, the diocesan clergy in Spain was poorly educated and considered of a low moral standing, and the Catholic Monarchs were reluctant to allow them to spearhea…
Society
It has been estimated that over 1.86 million Spaniards emigrated to Latin America in the period between 1492 and 1824, with millions more continuing to immigrate following independence.
Native populations declined significantly during the period of Spanish expansion. In Hispaniola, the indigenous Taíno pre-contact population before t…
Economy
In areas of dense, stratified indigenous populations, especially Mesoamerica and the Andean region, Spanish conquerors awarded perpetual private grants of labor and tribute to particular indigenous settlements, in encomienda they were in a privileged position to accumulate private wealth. Spaniards had some knowledge of the existing indigenous practices of labor and tribute, so that lea…
19th century
During the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Europe between France and Spain, assemblies called juntas were established to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain. The Libertadores (Spanish and Portuguese for "Liberators") were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence. They were predominantly criollos (Americas-born people of European ancestry, mostly Spanish or Portuguese), bourgeois and influenced by liberalism and in some cases with mi…
In popular culture
In the twentieth century, there have been a number of films depicting the life of Christopher Columbus. One in 1949 stars Frederic March as Columbus. With the 1992 commemoration (and critique) of Columbus, more cinematic and television depictions of the era appeared, including a TV miniseries with Gabriel Byrne as Columbus. Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) has Georges Corroface as Columbus with Marlon Brando as Tomás de Torquemada and Tom Selleck a…