1.0 Human Settlements Sector The impacts of climate change on human settlements can come from one of three sources: indirect socioeconomic economic impacts of changes in resource- dependent sectors such as agriculture and fisheries that are directly affected by climate; direct impacts of climate on infrastructure and the population; and exacerbation or mitigation of regional or national demographic, technological, economic, and social trends.
How did human settlement affect the environment in the Holocene?
Human settlement was accompanied by an abrupt increase in landscape fires (indicated by the rise in pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and a decline in woodland (registered by a change in n -alkane chain lengths from leaf waxes), accelerating a process that began earlier in the Holocene.
What happens to a settlement when there is an environmental crisis?
In such cases, the settlement would continue to exist with its economic function intact, but new investments might be made either to defend infrastructure and population against environmental threat or to take advantage of new environmental circumstances.
Why do humans tend to settle in certain areas?
Humans tend to settle in areas where climate is survivable. How well they survive depends upon their adaptation and technology. Inuits would probably not survive in Bale; natives of Bali would probably not survive in the Arctic. The climate sets the scene for the adaptations the local inhabitant make to be able to survive.
How does El Niño affect human settlement patterns?
The El Niño effect has been identified as influencing human settlement patterns in specific areas of the Rio Tambo Valley and coastal region. El Niño is a weather phenomena characterised by abnormally warm surface waters in the tropical region of the Pacific ocean.
How does climate affect settlement in South Africa?
Climate change impacts on African human settlements arise from a number of climate change-related causes, notably sea level changes, impacts on water resources, extreme weather events, food security, increased health risks from vector home diseases, and temperature-related morbidity in urban environments.
How does climate change affect urban settlement?
Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. All these have costly impacts on cities' basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods and health.
Which factor of climate determines people's settlement?
One of the most basic factors affecting settlement patterns is the physical geography of the land. Climate is key, because if a place is too dry, too cold or too hot, it's more difficult for large numbers of people to settle there, especially if they make their living from farming.
How does warmer temperatures affect settlements?
Warmer temperatures may allow more settlements farther north in Canada, Europe, and Russia. The increase in temperature may make transportation easier in places that are frozen most of the time, such as western Siberia in Russia. This may result in more people deciding to settle there.
How does climate change affect rural areas?
Higher temperatures, droughts and increasingly heavy rainfall aggravate the ongoing degradation of agricultural, forest and pasture ecosystems. This has a negative effect on the rural population's food security and increases the potential for conflict among the different groups using the natural resources.
What areas are affected by climate change?
COUNTRIES MOST AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGEJAPAN (Climate Risk Index: 5.5) ... PHILIPPINES (Climate Risk Index: 11.17) ... GERMANY (Climate Risk Index: 13.83) ... MADAGASCAR (Climate Risk Index: 15.83) ... INDIA (Climate Risk Index: 18.17) ... SRI LANKA (Climate Risk Index: 19) ... KENYA (Climate Risk Index: 19.67)More items...
What factors affect settlements?
Climatic, Economic, Physical, and Traditional Factors In order to better categorize which factors ultimately affect settlement, geographers have generally accepted four umbrella terms to describe these elements: climatic, economic, physical, and traditional.
What factors affect the location of settlement?
Determining where to settle land has always depended on a variety of factors, including proximity and accessibility to needed resources. Locations of landforms such as rivers, mountains, and bays has influenced where towns and cities were built.
What are the factors that affect settlement patterns?
Where people settle is determined by the main factors such as physical environment,demographic, natural, transportation, economic and social concerns.
What are the climate factors?
Climate factorsGeographic latitude.Altitude.Land and water pattern.Relief.Vegetation cover (land use)Exposition.
How does water affect settlement?
Water affects where people settle in that people tend to settle near bodies of water. People settle near water, because they use it as transportation, agriculture, and to sustain themselves and their communitites.
What areas will be hit hardest by climate change?
Lower-income and lower-middle-income countries are more likely to face GDP losses, with South Asia most at risk. Over 60 countries could have their credit ratings cut by 2030 due to global warming. International support for many areas is vital to mitigate the impacts.
What causes climate change in urban areas?
Pollution, mostly associated as a by-product of urban landscapes, is also linked with climate change. Both climate change and air pollution are exacerbated by the burning of fossil fuels, which increase CO2 emissions, the cause of global warming.
How does climate change affect urban infrastructure?
Climate change may also negatively impact infrastructure and worsen access to basic urban services and quality of life in cities. In addition, most of the vital economic and social infrastructure, government facilities, and assets are located in cities.
What are the climatic conditions of urban areas?
urban climate, any set of climatic conditions that prevails in a large metropolitan area and that differs from the climate of its rural surroundings. Urban climates are distinguished from those of less built-up areas by differences of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and amount of precipitation.
How does climate change affect infrastructure?
Increased precipitation can lead to infrastructure damage and soil run-off; decreased precipitation can lead to increased water pollution due to a drop in water flows; increased air and water temperatures lead to more rapid evaporation and asset corrosion; and a sea level rise could affect both the availability and ...