How climate affects settlement and human activities?
Climate change impacts on African human settlements arise from a number of climate change-related causes, notably sea level changes, impacts on water resources, extreme weather events, food security, increased health risks from vector home diseases, and temperature-related morbidity in urban environments.
How does climate change affect urban settlement?
Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. All these have costly impacts on cities' basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods and health.
How does the environment affect settlements?
Settlement structure is a driver of environmental change as it influences the amount of natural land that is converted into human habitation, the demand for non-renewable natural resources and the production of pollution and waste.
How does climate affect informal settlement?
Thus, the conditions of life in informal settlements elevate risk from most climate change impacts such as higher (and increasing) maximum temperatures and heat waves, more intense precipitation events and riverine floods, wind storms with higher wind speeds, changes in water availability and sea-level rise.
How does climate change affect rural communities?
Climate change can reduce the availability of these local natural resources, limiting the options for rural households that depend on natural resources for consumption or trade. Land may become less fertile; fewer reeds may be available for basketmaking; there may be less local fuelwood for cooking.
What causes climate change in urban areas?
Pollution, mostly associated as a by-product of urban landscapes, is also linked with climate change. Both climate change and air pollution are exacerbated by the burning of fossil fuels, which increase CO2 emissions, the cause of global warming.
What factors affect settlement?
Climatic, Economic, Physical, and Traditional Factors In order to better categorize which factors ultimately affect settlement, geographers have generally accepted four umbrella terms to describe these elements: climatic, economic, physical, and traditional.
What are the four environmental factors that influence settlement?
Human Settlement Factors:Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)Flat land (easy to build)Fertile soil (for crops)Forests (timber and housing)
What are the environmental factors that affect human settlement?
Some of the factors that have positive influence on developing a human settlement are water supply, flat and arable land, protection, shelter from weather, bridging point, crossroad – intersection of roads, while land that floods, marshy or steep land, no protection, no building or water supply, may be considered to be ...
Why informal settlements are often hardest hit by flooding?
For example, most of the informal settlements lack stormwater drainage channels that are designed and built to engineering standards. The lack of stormwater drainage channels in settlements that are rapidly densifying is a major cause of flooding.
How can informal settlements be prevented?
Five Ways “Re-blocking” Helps Improve Informal Settlements (And One Way It Doesn't)By improving access to water, electricity and basic services. ... By preventing shack fires. ... By creating a passage for emergency vehicles. ... By preventing flooding. ... By increasing community engagement.
What are the effects of a flood in an informal settlement?
Impacts from flooding include loss of informal housing, inundation, soil erosion, poor water quality, injury and death, as well as disruptions to livelihoods and city economies, damage to homes, assets and public infrastructure, population displacement, and the spread of diseases.
How does climate change affect urban infrastructure?
Climate change may also negatively impact infrastructure and worsen access to basic urban services and quality of life in cities. In addition, most of the vital economic and social infrastructure, government facilities, and assets are located in cities.
What effect will increased temperatures have on urban inhabitants?
Heat islands can affect communities by increasing summertime peak energy demand, air conditioning costs, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related illness and mortality, and water quality.