Who was John Smith?
John Smith was a British soldier who was a founder of the American colony of Jamestown in the early 1600s. English soldier John Smith eventually made his way to America to help govern the British colony of Jamestown.
What happened to John Smith when he settled the first colony?
Captain John Smith – Settling the First Colony. Because of his strong leadership, the settlement survived and grew during the next year. Unfortunately, Smith was accidentally injured by a gunpowder burn and had to return to England for treatment in October 1609. He would never return to Virginia again.
How did John Smith deal with the Indians?
He dealt with the Indians more brazenly, using threats and sometimes force to get corn, which annoyed the Virginia Company of London as well as Chief Powhatan. In October 1609, under pressure from his enemies at Jamestown and wounded by a gunpowder explosion, Smith relinquished the presidency and returned to England.
What happened to John Smith of Virginia?
John Smith was an adventurer who arrived Virginia in April, 1607. He spent 30 months there and returned to England (after an accident/assassination attempt) in October, 1609.
Who was John Smith in the southern colonies?
John Smith, (baptized January 6, 1580, Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England—died June 21, 1631, London), English explorer and early leader of the Jamestown Colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What settlement did John Smith lead?
JamestownEnglish adventurer John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia—the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What is John Smith best known for?
Captain John Smith was a soldier and writer who is best known for his role in establishing the Virginia colony at Jamestown, England's first permanent colony in North America. A farmer's son, Smith was a soldier of fortune in Europe before he joined the Virginia Company of London expedition of 1606–1607.
Who led the Jamestown settlement?
cartographer John SmithExplorer, writer, and cartographer John Smith became the leader of the Jamestown settlement when he assumed the presidency of its governing council on September 10, 1608.
What are 5 facts about John Smith?
Interesting Facts about John Smith He met Pocahontas in London when she traveled there in 1616. John Smith was a major character in the Disney animated film Pocahontas. While mapping the coast of Massachusetts, he was captured by French pirates. He escaped and made his way back to England.
Who survived Jamestown?
Over the course of the voyage, dozens died. But 104 colonists — many gentlemen of privilege, but also artisans, craftsmen, and laborers — survived to reach the shores of Virginia.
What was John Smith's famous quote?
Virginians know that Captain John Smith was vital to the survival of Jamestown in its early years. They can quote his order: “He that will not worke, shall not eate.” But few know that Smith's adventures started years before Jamestown.
What was the Jamestown settlement?
In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I. The settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Why was John Smith important to Jamestown?
Captain John Smith was an adventurer, soldier, explorer and author. Through the telling of his early life, we can trace the developments of a man who became a dominate force in the eventual success of Jamestown and the establishment of its legacy as the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What did John Smith do to help Jamestown?
Jamestown was established in 1607. Smith trained the first settlers to work at farming and fishing, thus saving the colony from early devastation.
What people settled in Plymouth?
Plymouth Colony First colonial settlement in New England (founded 1620). The settlers were a group of about 100 Puritan Separatist Pilgrims, who sailed on the Mayflower and settled on what is now Cape Cod bay, Massachusetts. They named the first town after their port of departure.
Where did John Smith go in 1600?
Captain John Smith's adventures in Europe. Unknown Artist. In 1600, learning of the war being fought between Christian forces of the Holy Roman Empire [HRE] and the Muslim Ottoman Turks, Smith set off for Austria to join the HRE army.
What was the name of the place that John Smith explored?
Always the adventurer, Smith undertook a voyage in 1614 exploring the shores of northern Virginia, which he mapped and re-named New England. Intending to establish an English colony there, Smith's efforts were frustrated when he was captured by French pirates while sailing to New England in 1615.
How did Tymore treat Smith?
Instead of instructing Smith, Tymore mistreated him by shaving his head, placing an iron ring around his neck, giving him little to eat and often beating him. During one such beating, Smith overpowered Tymore, killing him and fleeing his enslavement using Tymore's horse and clothing.
What did John Smith do to help the Powhatan Indians?
Even during times of food shortages, Smith sent colonists to live with the Powhatan Indians confident no harm would befall them as he believed Chief Powhatan and his people feared him and English weapons.
How many gold pieces did John Smith have?
His pirate service earned him 500 gold pieces enabling him to complete his trip through Italy, Croatia and Slovenia to Austria where he joined the HRE army. Smith fought against the Turks in battles waged in Slovenia, Hungary and Transylvania [Romania] earning several awards for his bravery in battle.
Why was John Smith arrested?
Ironically, he was arrested for mutiny on the voyage to Virginia, narrowly escaping being hanged, and arrived at Jamestown a prisoner. Fortunately, through the efforts of Jamestown's minister, Reverend Robert Hunt, he was allowed to assume his council position. Paramount chief Powhatan. John Smith's Map of 1612.
How many miles did Captain Smith explore?
On two separate voyages, beginning in June and ending in September 1608, Captain Smith and several of his fellow colonists, traveling in an open barge about 30 feet long and 8 feet wide, explored 2,500 miles of the Chesapeake Bay and many of its tributaries such as the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers.
Who was John Smith?
Signature. John Smith (baptized 6 January 1580 – 21 June 1631) was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, ...
What did John Smith do to save the colony?
Jamestown was established in 1607. Smith trained the first settlers to work at farming and fishing, thus saving the colony from early devastation. He publicly stated, " He that will not work, shall not eat ", alluding to 2 Thessalonians 3:10. Harsh weather, lack of food and water, the surrounding swampy wilderness, and attacks from Native Americans almost destroyed the colony. With Smith's leadership, however, Jamestown survived and eventually flourished. Smith was forced to return to England after being injured by an accidental explosion of gunpowder in a canoe.
How many volumes of John Smith's books were published?
John Smith published eight volumes during his life. The following lists the first edition of each volume and the pages on which it is reprinted in Arber 1910 :
Why did John Smith leave Jamestown?
In the summer of 1608, Smith left Jamestown to explore the Chesapeake Bay region and search for badly needed food, covering an estimated 3,000 miles. These explorations are commemorated in the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, established in 2006. In his absence, Smith left his friend Matthew Scrivener as governor in his place, a young gentleman adventurer from Sibton Suffolk who was related by marriage to the Wingfield family, but he was not capable of leading the people. Smith was elected president of the local council in September 1608.
Where did the Native Americans meet Smith?
Native Americans led by Opechancanough captured Smith in December 1607 while he was seeking food along the Chickahominy River, and they took him to meet Chief Powhatan (Opechancanough's older brother) at Werowocomoco, the main village of the Powhatan Confederacy. The village was on the north shore of the York River about 15 miles north of Jamestown and 25 miles downstream from where the river forms from the Pamunkey River and the Mattaponi River at West Point, Virginia. Smith was removed to the hunters' camp, where Opechancanough and his men feasted him and otherwise treated him like an honored guest. Protocol demanded that Opechancanough inform Chief Powhatan of Smith's capture, but the paramount chief also was on a hunt and therefore unreachable. Absent interpreters or any other means of effectively interviewing the Englishman, Opechancanough summoned his seven highest-ranking kwiocosuk, or shamans, and convened an elaborate, three-day divining ritual to determine whether Smith's intentions were friendly. Finding it a good time to leave camp, Opechancanough took Smith and went in search of his brother at one point visiting the Rappahannock tribe who had been attacked by a European ship captain a few years earlier.
Why did Smith compare his experiences in Virginia with his observations of New England?
Smith compared his experiences in Virginia with his observations of New England and offered a theory of why some English colonial projects had failed. He noted that the French had been able to monopolize trade in a very short time, even in areas nominally under English control. The people inhabiting the coasts from Maine to Cape Cod had "large corne fields, and great troupes of well proportioned people", but the French had obtained everything that they had to offer in trade within six weeks. This was due to the fact that the French had created a great trading network which they could exploit, and the English had not cultivated these relations. Where once there was inter-tribal warfare, the French had created peace in the name of the fur trade. Former enemies such as the Massachuset and the Abenaki "are all friends, and have each trade with other, so farre as they have society on each others frontiers."
What happened to the first supply of the James River?
In early January 1608, nearly 100 new settlers arrived with Captain Newport on the First Supply, but the village was set on fire through carelessness. That winter, the James River froze over, and the settlers were forced to live in the burned ruins. During this time, they wasted much of the three months that Newport and his crew were in port loading their ships with iron pyrite (fool's gold). Food supplies ran low, although the Indians brought some food, and Smith wrote that "more than half of us died". Smith spent the following summer exploring Chesapeake Bay waterways and producing a map that was of great value to Virginia explorers for more than a century.
Who Was John Smith?
English soldier John Smith eventually made his way to America to help govern the British colony of Jamestown. After allegedly being saved from death by Pocahontas, he established trading agreements with native tribes. With his governing tactics called into question, he returned to England in 1609 and became a staunch advocate of colonization via his published works.
What did John Smith do after he was captured?
After a merchant’s apprenticeship, Smith decided on a life of combat and served with the English Army abroad. Working as a soldier for hire (and professing to be highly successful in his military ventures), Smith eventually embarked on a campaign against the Turks in Hungary. There he was captured and enslaved.
Why was Smith imprisoned?
Upon returning to Jamestown, Smith was imprisoned for losing men on the failed Chickahominy expedition and on suspicion that he would try to usurp control of the colony with his new allies. He was soon freed and relations between Native Americans and the settlement went smoothly for a time.
What did John Smith do after he failed to return to America?
After unsuccessful efforts to return to America, Smith increasingly focused on writing. He published more books that detailed his time abroad, pushing for imperialism and the colonization of New England.
Why did John Smith return to England?
He returned to England both to recover and face allegations of misconduct, thereby relinquishing leadership of the settlement.
Where did John Smith escape?
After receiving harsh treatment from his master, Smith killed him and escaped, eventually returning to England in the early 1600s.
When did Pochantas meet Smith?
Smith met Pochantas again after she traveled to England in 1616 with her husband John Rolfe and son Thomas. Believing that Smith was dead, she was astonished that he’d never informed her that he was alive or intervened as matters worsened between the colonists and the Powhatans.
What happened to John Smith and his men?
It was also during the first year of the colony (1607) that John Smith and some of his men were captured when they encountered an Indian hunting party . The other colonists in the group were killed, but Smith was taken to Chief Powhatan. It is said that Chief Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas saved Smith from certain death, though the real details of the meeting will probably never be known. However, the result was that Smith and Pocahontas became acquaintances, and Powhatan gave some property to Smith and called him 'son.' When Smith returned to Jamestown, he had to try to regain the trust of his fellow colonists, who were suspicious about why Powhatan allowed only Smith to live.
Why is John Smith important?
Smith is known as one of America's first heroes; however, due to both Smith's boastful nature and limited sources, many of his achievements have been masked by legends and fiction. What can be known for sure is that he was one of the founders of Jamestown, he led expeditions to explore the New England coast, and he was one of the best advocates and promoters for bringing more English settlers to America . These reasons alone show the importance of John Smith in American history.
Who Was Captain John Smith?
Captain John Smith (1580-1631) was an English adventurer, soldier, explorer, and author. He is famous for his role in the exploration of the New World and is responsible for the settlement and survival of Jamestown, England's first permanent colony in America.
Why did Smith name New England?
He named the area ' New England ' in order to please the English king. While there, Smith wrote down more detailed reports on the region and especially noted that New England had vast natural resources in the form of fish and furs. After this last trip to America, Smith retired to England, where he spent his remaining years writing more accounts about his explorations and adventures. He died in 1631 at the age 51.
Why was Smith's work important?
Smith's publications during this time were probably more important to history than his actions in Jamestown colony. His writings were used to promote the New World, and many Europeans decided to travel to America due to his publications.
What were the problems that colonists faced in the first few months of their colony?
It was very difficult for the colonists in the first few months of starting their colony. They dealt with disease, malnutrition, lack of fresh water, and many problems from local Indians. Many of the initial colonists died from these harsh conditions. The seven-man council, including John Smith, dealt with the situation poorly, which did not help, and the colony's survival hung by a thread.
Where did John Smith go to return to?
Though he would not again go to Virginia, in April 1614, he returned to the New World in a successful voyage to the Maine and Massachusetts Bay areas. With the approval of Prince Charles, he named this region New England. He would make two more attempts to return to the same coast, but the first attempt failed due to a major storm that dismasted his ship. In the second attempt in 1615, he was captured by French pirates off the Azores. Smith escaped after weeks of captivity and made his way back to England. He was denied further opportunities to return to America and spent the rest of his life writing books until his death in 1631 at age 51. He was buried in the church of St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate, the largest Parish Church in the City of London.
Why did John Smith leave Jamestown?
As a result, Smith left Jamestown to explore and map the Chesapeake Bay region and search for badly needed food supplies. Due to bad government and near chaos, Smith eventually became president of the local council in September 1608. He instituted a policy of rigid discipline, strengthened defenses and encouraged farming with this admonishment: “He who does not work, will not eat.” Because of his strong leadership, the settlement survived and grew during the next year. Unfortunately, Smith was accidentally injured by a gunpowder burn and had to return to England for treatment in October 1609. He would never return to Virginia again.
When did Jamestown become a permanent colony?
On May 13, 1607, the Jamestown colonists came ashore of what would become the first permanent English settlement in North America. Painting by Sidney E. King, courtesy Colonial National Historical Park
Who was the first English colonist to settle in North America?
Captain John Smith was an English soldier, explorer, admiral, and author, Smith established the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. He was clearly a hero, as he led the exploration of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay, managed the settlement of Jamestown, fought and negotiated with Native Americans, and recorded a number of historic books and maps that encouraged more exploration of the New World. However, he was also a proud and boastful man, which has made it difficult to determine which parts of his life are fact and which are fiction.
Why did the colonists dissent?
Meanwhile, dissent within the colony fermented due to laziness, lack of supplies, and periodic attempts at desertion by many of the colonists. Personal conflicts, as well as disagreements over new policies being formulated in London, developed among Smith and various leaders.
What did John Smith do to the colony?
On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council for the colony. He installed a policy of rigid discipline, strengthened defenses, and encouraged farming with his order that all must work or face starvation.
Where was John Smith born?
Born in 1580 in Willoughby, England, Smith left home at age 16 after his father died. He joined volunteers in France who were fighting for Dutch independence from Spain. Two years later, he set off for the Mediterranean Sea as a sailor on a merchant ship.
What did Smith order?
Smith ordered the repair of many buildings and the expansion of the fort into a five-sided structure, which archaeologists have also traced. Smith also led the first English explorations of the Chesapeake Bay and was almost killed by a ray on the first of the two expeditions.
How did Smith escape?
Smith said he escaped by murdering the brother and fleeing through Russia and Poland. He traveled throughout Europe and Northern Africa before he returned to England in the winter of 1604-05. Restless in England, Smith became actively involved with plans by the Virginia Company to colonize Virginia for profit.
When was John Smith released from prison?
Smith was a prisoner when the ships reached Virginia in April 1607 —but was released when the other colony leaders opened orders from the Virginia Company and discovered Smith was to be on the governing council. The colony struggled to feed itself, and Smith proved skillful at securing food from the Virginia Indians.
Who was the Captain of Jamestown?
Virginians know that Captain John Smith was vital to the survival of Jamestown in its early years. They can quote his order: “ He that will not work shall not eat .”. But few know that Smith’s adventures started years before Jamestown. Born in 1580 in Willoughby, England, Smith left home at age 16 after his father died.
Who was the first person to write a true relationship of Virginia?
Smith produced some of the most detailed reports about early Virginia, such as True Relation of Virginia in 1608, Map of Virginia in 1612, Generall Historie of Virginia (beginning in 1624, there were six editions in eight years), and True Travels in 1630. Archaeology at the original fort site has confirmed some of his most famous details. Smith died in England in 1631 at age 51.
Who was John Smith?
John Smith was an adventurer who arrived Virginia in April, 1607. He spent 30 months there and returned to England (after an accident/assassination attempt) in October, 1609.
What was the reputation of John Smith?
However, Smith's reputation among the London Company officials in England suffered from complaints about his behavior. Smith was not a "good news" manager. He sent complaints back to the investors about the quality and quantity of resources shipped to the colony. He lived under tough conditions, and he wrote in blunt rather than diplomatic language.
Where is Parahunt's town?
location of Parahunt's town of Powhatan (site of modern-day Richmond) on Zuniga version of John Smith's map (with "Monacan two days journey" identified to the west)
What was the focus of Smith's expedition to New England?
Smith made his investors wealthy from that trip to New England, but his focus was on discovering new lands and new people. A later expedition to New England ended disastrously when he was captured by pirates. While trapped as a prisoner, he started to write A Description of New England. When Smith escaped from the pirate ship, he chose to bring the manuscript with him - a clue about his commitment to publishing his geographical discoveries.
What happened to Smith when he jumped overboard?
Smith jumped overboard and extinguished his burning clothing, and suffered serious burns to his skin.
What did John Smith do in Jamestown?
Smith negotiated the exchange with those tribes of prestige goods/tools/weapons for food. In Jamestown, he provided enough discipline (as well as food) to keep many of the colonists alive.
How many times did Smith stop on his two trips?
He appears to have stopped 150 times on the two trips, traveling with 14 men on the June 2-July 21 trip and with 12 men on the July 24-September 7 trip.1
Who was John Smith?
Captain John Smith was an adventurer, soldier, explorer and author. Through the telling of his early life, we can trace the developments of a man who became a dominate force in the eventual success of Jamestown and the establishment of its legacy as the first permanent English settlement in North America.#N#John Smith was baptized on January 9, 1580, at Saint Helena’s Church in Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. His parents were George and Alice Smith. George was a yeoman farmer who owned land in Lincolnshire and also rented land from Lord Willoughby, his landlord and relation by marriage.
Who is John Smith's best biographer?
John Smith’s best biographer, Philip L. Barbour, once wrote, “Captain John Smith has lived on in legend far more thrillingly than even he could have foreseen. Much has been made-largely by ill-informed people-of trivial inconsequences in his narratives, and controversy has at times raged rather absurdly. … To be sure, much of what John Smith wrote was exaggerated. … Rare indeed was the man who wrote in Stuart times without ornament, without exuberance. Let it only be said that nothing John Smith wrote has yet been found to be a lie.”
What happened to Captain Smith and the Powhatan Indians?
Unfortunately, relations were tenuous between the English and the Powhatan Indians as Smith’s diplomacy often turned violent taking food and destroying villages . The final meeting of Captain Smith and Chief Powhatan occurred in January 1609 at Werowocomoco, Powhatan’s capital, where each leader plotted the other’s death while conducting civil negotiations. Ironically, Chief Powhatan’s plan to kill Smith and his colleagues was foiled due to a timely warning given Smith by Pocahontas! Each leader escaped destruction, but Smith’s harsh diplomacy heightened the animosity between the two cultures and open warfare soon erupted.
How many miles did Captain Smith explore?
On two separate voyages, beginning in June and ending in September 1608, Captain Smith and several of his fellow colonists, traveling in an open barge about 30 feet long and 8 feet wide, explored 2,500 miles of the Chesapeake Bay and many of its tributaries such as the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. From these trips Smith created a very accurate map of the area replete with locations of various Indian villages and other vital information. This exploration and map of the Chesapeake Bay region were some of Captain Smith’s greatest accomplishments and enduring legacies.
Why was Jamestown so difficult?
The first months of Jamestown’s existence were very difficult due to food shortages, unhealthy drinking water, disease, occasional skirmishing with the Powhatan Indians, and ineffectual council leadership due to bickering and the untimely death of Bartholomew Gosnold. In the fall, Smith conducted expeditions to Powhatan villages securing food for the desperate colonists. On one such expedition in December he was captured by a large Powhatan hunting party and led on a long trek to various Powhatan villages, ultimately being brought before the paramount chief of the Powhatan people, Wahunsenacawh, better known as Chief Powhatan.#N#This encounter resulted in the famous story written by Smith of being saved from execution by Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan’s daughter. [Most historians and anthropologists believe this event occurred, but Smith misinterpreted its meaning not realizing it was a symbolic adoption ceremony of Smith into the world of the Powhatan people.] The captain was released shortly after the ceremony and escorted back to James Fort. By this time, only 38 of the 104 settlers were still alive. More settlers arrived at Jamestown in January 1608, and Chief Powhatan sent some food to the English, but misfortune struck in early January with the accidental burning down of most of the fort. The extreme cold that winter, coupled with the loss of shelter and food from the fire, led to the deaths of more than half of the new settlers.
How did John Smith encourage colonization?
During his years in England, John Smith encouraged colonization in America by writing accounts of his time there and giving detailed maps of the land. He was a major part of the Jamestown Colony even though he was only there for three years.
Who was the first English colonist to settle in North America?
Captain John Smith was an explorer who led Jamestown Colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was a larger than life man who captured the imagination of historians and school children alike. His life was full of adventure and intrigue, but the facts most people know about John Smith are myths and legends instead of facts.
Did John Smith mention Pocahontas?
The truth is historians belief John Smith might have exaggerated the story. Soon after the incident happened, he never mentioned Pocahontas' part in the Powhatans releasing him without harm. Over ten years later, Captain Smith told the harrowing tale in a letter to Queen Anne introducing Pocahontas and asking the queen to treat her with dignity. One historian, David A. Price, believes the incident might have happened but suggested Captain Smith was in no real danger. He could have been involved in a ritual that symbolized his death and rebirth as a member of the tribe.
Did Pocahontas and Captain Smith love?
Whatever the case, Pocahontas and Captain Smith were not in love. When Captain Smith was captured, Pocahontas was only ten or eleven years old. It's also not true that she converted Captain Smith to the Indian religion. After spending years around the settlers at Jamestown, Pocahontas was converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. In 1614, she married John Rolfe, a tobacco farmer, and in 1616, she travelled to London with her husband where she died of an unknown virus.
Overview
Further reading
• Barbour, Philip L. (1964). The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith Boston: Houghton Mifflin
• Barbour, Philip L. (1969). The Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter, 1606–1609, 2 vols., Publications of the Hakluyt Society, ser.2, 136–37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• Gleach, Frederic W. (1997). Powhatan's World and Colonial Virginia (First ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-2166-6.
Early life
Smith's exact birth date is unclear. He was baptized on 6 January 1580 at Willoughby, near Alford, Lincolnshire, where his parents rented a farm from Lord Willoughby. He claimed descent from the ancient Smith family of Cuerdley, Lancashire, and was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth, from 1592 to 1595.
In Jamestown
In 1606, Smith became involved with the Virginia Company of London's plan to colonize Virginia for profit, and King James had already granted a charter. The expedition set sail in the Discovery, the Susan Constant, and the Godspeed on 20 December 1606. His page was a 12-year-old boy named Samuel Collier.
During the voyage, Smith was charged with mutiny, and Captain Christopher Ne…
New England
In 1614, Smith returned to America in a voyage to the coasts of Maine and Massachusetts Bay. He named the region "New England". The commercial purpose was to take whales for fins and oil and to seek out mines of gold or copper, but both of these proved impractical so the voyage turned to collecting fish and furs to defray the expense. Most of the crew spent their time fishing, …
Death and burial
John Smith died on 21 June 1631 in London. He was buried in 1633 in the south aisle of Saint Sepulchre-without-Newgate Church, Holborn Viaduct, London. The church is the largest parish church in the City of London, dating from 1137. Captain Smith is commemorated in the south wall of the church by a stained glass window.
Legacy
The Captain John Smith Monument currently lies in disrepair off the coast of New Hampshire on Star Island, part of the Isles of Shoals. The original monument was built in 1864 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of Smith's visit to what he named Smith's Isles. It was a series of square granite slabs atop one another, with a small granite pillar at the top (see image at right). The pillar featured thr…
In popular culture
John Smith was honoured on two of the three stamps of the Jamestown Exposition Issue held 26 April – 1 December 1907 at Norfolk, Virginia to commemorate the founding of the Jamestown settlement. The 1-cent John Smith, inspired by the Simon de Passe engraving of the explorer was used for the 1-cent postcard rate. The 2-cent Jamestown landing stamp paid the first-class domestic rate.