Squatter Settlement. The term squatter settlement is often used as a general term to encompass low-quality housing, occupied by the poor, usually on the periphery of cities in the Global South. From: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2009. Related terms: Waste Management; Drinking Water; Environmental Impact Assessment; Landfill; Urbanisation
What does squatter settlement mean?
Squatter Settlement An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. Underclass
What are the problems faced by squatter settlements?
Due to its illegal status, squatter settlements lack an adequate supply of various infrastructures. These settlements have poor drainage and roads, sanitation, water supply, market places, and health centers among others. Even though these resources are in some settlements, they are poorly maintained, disorganized, and unreliable.
What is a squatter camp?
A squatter camp in South Africa. A squatter settlement is a place where the residents don’t have legal rights over the land. A squatter area is composed of numerous buildings that are occupied by people with no legal claim to the land.
What is the difference between urban and Rural Settlement AP Human Geography?
AP Human Geography Services and Settlements Some di˘erences between urban and rural settlements include size, density, and social heterogeneity. In rural settlements, inhabitants are limited to a few services and are most likely to know each other because of the small size.
What is the main causes of squatter settlements AP Human Geography?
Terms in this set (9) Describe two factors that contribute to the formation of squatter settlements. Expensive housing and lack of jobs in the city. Usually are people who migrated from farms that can no longer support them, causing migration to the city.
What are squatter settlement?
The term squatter settlement is often used as a general term to encompass low-quality housing, occupied by the poor, usually on the periphery of cities in the Global South.
What is a squatter settlement quizlet?
Squatter Settlements: Definition. Settlements built illegally in and around the city by people who can't afford proper housing.
Where are squatter settlements?
Squatter settlements are found in various locations, but are usually built on the edges of cities in the world's poorest countries or LEDC. They are also built on marginal land, which is land which has less value and is not occupied by legal land uses and buildings.
What are the causes and effects of squatter settlements?
Rapid urbanization, poverty and lack of access to land and ownership, in addition to limited or no social housing, have led citizens to build their homes illegally under very poor environmental and social conditions.
What are the causes of squatter settlements quizlet?
What are the causes of squatter settlement? Population increase and migration from rural areas for jobs; housing shortage for large number of urban immigrants. Area in a city in an LDC where people illegally establish residences on land they don't own or rent.
What is a real life example of a squatter settlement?
The City of the Dead slum is a well-known squatter community in Cairo, Egypt. Between 1955 and 1975, the Cairo authorities built 39,000 public housing apartments but 2 million people moved there, mostly ending up in informal housing.
Why are squatter settlements made?
There are two reasons for this: one is internal to the squatter, and the other is external. Internal reasons include, lack of collateral assets; lack of savings and other financial assets; daily wage/low-income jobs (which in many cases are semi-permanent or temporary).
Why do squatter settlements exist?
Squatter settlements are a housing alternative when affordable housing is otherwise hard to come by in a city.
What does it mean to be called a squatter?
a : one that settles on property without right or title or payment of rent. b : one that settles on public land under government regulation with the purpose of acquiring title.
What are the causes of squatter settlements?
There are two reasons for this: one is internal to the squatter, and the other is external. Internal reasons include, lack of collateral assets; lack of savings and other financial assets; daily wage/low-income jobs (which in many cases are semi-permanent or temporary).
What are slums and squatter settlements?
It means slums are areas where people with land ownership live in poor environmental and socioeconomic conditions and are different from squatter settlements, which are the settlements where people build houses without any legal title to land (UN-Habitat 2003).
Are squatter settlements illegal?
In the United States, squatting is illegal and squatters can be evicted for trespassing.
What was the first destination for climate migrants to Khulna?
The first destination for most of the climate migrants to Khulna was its slums and squatters settlements to which they had easy access, but the migration destination offered them little or no improvement in their housing because they could not afford the cost of formal housing. Not all the migrant households could gain access to established urban slums ; only a few who had relatives or social networks could access or rent a place in the established urban slums . Most of these urban slums are maintained or owned by “musclemen” (local community leaders whose power and influence stems from the political leaders and current ruling party of the country), who did not allow just anyone to live in their slums. Migrant households who could not afford or gain access to the urban slums usually established themselves as squatters in urban fringe areas, on marginal agricultural land, along rail corridors, next to the highway, or even in the natural drainage network, as well as in low-lying flood-prone areas and on river banks. These migrants settled wherever they could get free or cheap land. In most cases, they built their own informal shelters with dry leaves, plastic bags, bamboo, and mud on whatever land they could access. In some cases, migrant households chose to live on public construction sites (bridges or culverts). Sometimes, private landowners allowed these migrant families to live on their agricultural land or construction sites in order to protect their land and provide security for the assets on the site. These informal settlements provide immediate shelter for the migrant communities, but impact the existing land use pattern. Figure 19.5 shows the location of the climate migrants in Khulna’s urban area ( Ahsan, 2013 ).
What percentage of the population lives in informal settlements in Ahmedabad?
In Ahmedabad, about 40% of the population resides in informal settlements. A substantial number of the urban poor reside in these locations. The two dominant types of informal settlements are slums that have developed out of the illegal occupation of the marginal areas of the city by migrants and squatters, and chawls, which are residential units originally built for workers in the mills and factories. Most slum dwellers tend to settle along the waterways in the city, like Sabarmati River, on vacant land or in low-lying areas ( Bhatt, 2003 ).
What are the challenges of WSUD?
The (re)development and upgrading of informal settlement areas in a water-sensitive manner pose several challenges, such as limited budgets, increasing population, and a National Housing Policy advocating for only basic water supply and sanitation services for these areas. WSUD should no longer be the domain of the upper socioeconomic class as it is equally important to the poor communities in need of quantity and quality water. WSUD not only entails far more than retrofit of urban systems to be more water sensitive but also includes a social dimension to environmentally educate communities. As such, informal settlement development should attempt to “leapfrog” the stages through which the formal settlement areas have developed, thereby avoiding the need to retrofit these areas at some time in the future. Using water-sensitive technologies should also result in a range of secondary benefits for these communities, helping to address some of the misperceptions of authorities regarding the social advantages of WSUD. WSUD approaches should form part of national priorities, recognizing that advocating WSUD principles in policies will be confronted by challenges of density, scale of demand, and political sensitivities concerning the perceived quality of the engineering options it represents. The focus of providing WSUD in South Africa should be framed as a social component and justified in terms of equity and provision of services to all people ( Fisher-Jeffes et al., 2012 ).
How does remote sensing help in slums?
The application of remote sensing technique provides ways to map slums/informal settlements through using satellite imagery ( Kohli et al., 2012) ( Fig. 8 ). Remote sensing technology provides spatially rich data with high spatiotemporal consistency for monitoring the slum/informal settlements and effective intervention by local authorities. A substantial literature has emerged that covers topics related to application of remote sensing and image processing for characterizing informal settlements and estimates population distribution patterns ( Aminipouri et al., 2009; Kohli et al., 2012; Owen and Wong, 2013; Sietchiping, 2004 ), assessing the socioeconomic status by area ( Niebergall et al., 2007) and object-oriented classification of informal settlements within urban area ( Niebergall et al., 2008) and extraction of informal enclaves within the concentration of large settlements ( Hofmann et al., 2008; Mayunga et al., 2010 ). Informal settlement classification takes advantage of object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods for examining dwelling patterns and to estimate based on shape, size, and spacing ( Blaschke and Lang, 2006; Hay and Castilla, 2006; Hurskainen and Pellikka, 2004 ). Indicators to measure informal settlements encompass vegetation, road type, materials, accessibility, terrain geomorphology, texture, spacing of housing structures, proximity to hazards, consistency of housing orientation, proximity to city center and social services, dwelling size, dwelling set back, building density, and roofing materials ( Kohli et al., 2012 ). Research by Angeles et al., 2009, used VHR satellite imagery to extract concentration of urban poverty. Jain, 2007, demonstrated that remote sensing application could explain the patterns of informal development over time.
What is Figure 19.6?
Figure 19.6. Informal Settlement and available service facilities for forced migrants. (a) Informal settlements in urban agricultural land and along the highways in Khulna. (b) Informal settlements in urban fringe and low-lying areas in Khulna. (c) Sanitation facilities for urban poor and the migrant residents in fringe and urban areas.
What is remote sensing used for?
It is notable that the application of remote sensing and EO-based satellite data along with GIS is widely used for a variety of applications ranging from detecting and mapping human settlements, informal settlements, or slums, assessing humanitarian crisis, to monitoring refugees and IDPs. Limitation of natural resources, rapid population growth, higher concentration of urban population, frequent natural disasters, and humanitarian crises are major global concerns that researchers and practitioners focusing on settlement issues are well poised to address. To address issues related to human settlements, sustainable development, and human impacts on the environments, application of remote sensing spanning local to global scales demonstrates strong utility for assessing and monitoring current settlement conditions, predicting future issues, and contributing to decision-making for a better and sustainable world or human settlement.
What is the clash of rationalities in dealing with informal settlements in the global South?
Our study illustrates a clash of rationalities in dealing with informal settlements in the global South: the neoliberal visioning of a modern, globally competitive, and orderly city, and the right of city authorities and the private sector to “upgrade” the city and the rights of ordinary citizens for access to services, housing, space, and a decent life. Both positions offer promises of a better future but cannot guarantee that experience will be improved for all, particularly the poor. Neither approach provides much clarity about the social and spatial outcomes and the effects of (re)making place on broader political, economic, and social processes of the city.
How many people live in a central city?
In the United States, a central city of at least 50000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
What is the process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to?
Gentrification . A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area. Greenbelt. A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
Why is a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society?
A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
What percentage of the income is rented in housing?
Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes.
What is the definition of a density gradient?
Density Gradient. The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery. Edge City. A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
What is annexation in the census?
Annexation. Legally adding land area to a city in the United States. Census Tract. An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracks correspond roughly to neighborhoods. Concentric Zone Model.
What is a counter to urban sprawl?
Definition: a counter to urban sprawl, includes urban revitalization and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. Example: Seaside, Florida. Peak land value intersection. Definition: the land within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce.
What is a city with a population of more than 1 million?
Definition: a city with a population of more than 1 million. Example: the city may be compact, but it has a large amount of economic activity. Greenbelt. Definition: a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
What is the definition of counterurbanization?
Counterurbanization. Definition: net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
What is a gateway city?
Definition: a small edge city that's connected to another city by beltways or highways. Example: this allows for easier transportation between the two cities. Gateway city. Definition: cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.
What is market garden?
Market garden is the outer ring. Unrestricted and growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expenses of land, with little regard for urban planning. Houses that new owners buy with the intentions of tearing down to build a larger home. Large homes, often built to the outer limits of the lot.
What are CBD clusters?
CBD like clusters surround the old colonial port. These clusters include; governmental zone, western commercial zone, alien commercial zone, and the mixed use zones. Wealthiest zones tend to be intermixed within economic zones. New suburbs and squatters areas are all mixed. Market garden is the outer ring.
What is a good or service that is obtained on a semi regular basis?
A good or service that is obtained on a semi regular basis, requires a medium-size market area to be profitable and people are willing to travel a short distance for it. A good or service that is required less frequently, requires a large market area to remain profitable and people are willing to travel for it.
What is an outskirt?
Outskirt, functionally uniform zone outside of the central city. Zoning laws. Municipal or local government laws that dictate how property can and cannot be used in certain areas. Limit use of commercial land to prevent industrialization in neighborhoods.
What is the meaning of urban morphology?
Urban morphology. The layout of the city, it's physical form and structure. Functional zonation. The division of the city into certain regions for certain purposes. Acropolis. In Greece, a temple or religious building built on the high point of the city. Parthenon of Athens is most famous.
What is urbanization?
An urbanization of people in buildings closer together to serve as a center of culture, politics, and economics. People have existed for 100,000 years. First cities were established 1000 years ago. Reached modern size and structure in the last 200 years. Agricultural village.
Squatter Settlements in Developed Countries
- Even though squatter settlements are not common in developed states, there are numerous European cities with shanty towns. The high number of immigrants has resulted in the growth of shanty towns in the cities situated on the entry points of the EU like Patras and Athens. Canada …
Squatter Settlements in Developing Nations
- The largest Asian slum is Orangi in Pakistan. Orangi became quite famous during the 1980s when the locals initiated the Orangi-Pilot Project after being frustrated by lack of development from the government. Slums are known as ‘’bidonvilles’’ in francophone nations like Haiti and Tunisia. Some of the biggest slums in the world are located in Kenya (Mathare and Kibera), South Africa, Brazil…
Disadvantages of Squatter Settlement
- Fire is one of the main dangers in these settlements not only because of no fire station, but the lack of a formal street grid makes it hard for the fire trucks to access the squatter settlements. They are fire hazards primarily due to the flammable materials used to build some of these homes and the high density of buildings. These settlements have high rates of diseases, drug use, suici…