What is a linear settlement?
A linear settlement is a form of settlement where buildings are built along the river, a coastline or a road. It usually forms a long and narrow pattern, which can be maintained even when the population grows. Linear settlements are formed as a result of main transport networks, such as roads, railways and geographical restrictions.
How did the shape of early settlements affect settlement patterns?
The shapes of early settlements were influenced by the surrounding landscape. They were also shaped by other factors such as who owned the land and whether the land was good for building on or not. Some examples of settlement patterns include, nucleated settlements, linear settlements and dispersed settlements.
What are the tax consequences of a settlement?
The receipt or payment of amounts as a result of a settlement or judgment has tax consequences. The taxability, deductibility, and character of the payments generally depend on the origin of the claim and the identity of the responsible or harmed party, as reflected in the litigation documents.
What are some examples of settlement patterns?
Some examples of settlement patterns include, nucleated settlements, linear settlements and dispersed settlements.
What are the disadvantages of linear settlement?
The disadvantages of a linear settlement include ...Not much open space (houses are in a straight line meaning there is less space in between each house---smaller backyard or lawns etc.)Linked houses (if you are not comfortable with your house linked to another then the house won't be comfortable for you)More items...•
What causes linear settlement?
A linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many of these settlements are formed along a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Others form due to physical restrictions, such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys.
What are the factors that affect linear settlement?
(a) Outline three factors that influence development of linear settlement pattern.People settle along rivers water provision.People settle along road/railway line/ ease of transport.People settle along lake/ or for fishing activities.People settle along ridges for easy house construction security.
Why are linear settlements important?
Linear settlements are those settlements that develop in a line. Houses, shops, dhaba's, petrol pumps and garages develop along the sides of the roads, railway lines or river banks. Gradually, these linear settlements grow in size. These settlements gradually develop into trading centres.
What is an example of a linear settlement?
Linear settlements Champlain, Quebec, Canada is an example of a linear settlement. Definition of a linear settlement: Linear settlements are settlements where the buildings are constructed in lines, often next to a geographical feature like a lake shore, a river or following a road.
Where is linear settlement used?
Linear settlement occurs where buildings are strung out along a line of communication. This may be a main road (leading out of a city), a river valley (common in the Alps or the Pyrenees) or a canal (in the Netherlands).
Why do people live in linear settlement patterns?
Linear settlement patterns are there to make it more easier for us because linear settlements have houses and buildings closer to each other so people can have a more assessable way of transporting or receiving goods.
What is a linear settlement pattern?
Linear settlement pattern - Houses are arranged along either side of a road, railway line, river or canal. 2. Dispersed settlement pattern - The buildings are spread out and are often found in upland areas.
What are the factors affecting the growth of settlement?
Factors can be push or pull....Physical FeaturesBody of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)Flat land (easy to build)Fertile soil (for crops)Forests (timber and housing)
What are the characteristic of linear settlement?
Linear settlements may have no obvious centre, such as a road junction. Linear settlements have a long and narrow shape. Linear settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers, sea coasts and in foothill regions etc. These types of settlements are narrow in shape and they are spread along a straight line.
What is a linear population?
linear population a population. distribution which is arranged in a. routes cause settlement to be arranged in a line.
Where are linear settlements found in India?
Note: In India linear settlements are found in coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, the villages of Gujarat, Saurashtra and Kutch, and others south of Rajasthan to the province of Surat.
What makes a pattern linear?
A linear pattern is a pattern that forms a straight line. A linear number pattern is a sequence of numbers where the difference between every term is the same. An example of this is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ... There is a difference of 2 between every term.
What are the 3 main patterns of settlement?
There are three main settlement patterns: nucleated, linear and dispersed.
What is a linear pattern in geography?
A linear settlement pattern occurs in a line or arc shape. They typically follow a road, valley or water body. This allows the settlement to utilise transport routes. They can also occur along valley floors where the sides are very steep.
What are the 5 types of settlements?
There are 5 types of settlement classified according to their pattern, these are, isolated, dispersed, nucleated, and linear.
What is linear settlement?
A linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many of these settlements are formed along a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Others form due to physical restrictions, such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys. Linear settlements may have no obvious ...
Where are linear settlements located?
Some communities along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, developed as linear settlements, as is still clearly seen in Champlain, Quebec. A picture of Victoria City, capital of British Hong Kong, between 1860 and 1865.
What is a linear village?
A linear village or a chain village is a village that is also a linear settlement.
What is an example of a settlement built along a route?
Often, it is only a single street with houses on either side of the road. Mileham, Norfolk, England is an example of this pattern.
What is a settlement pattern?
A settlement pattern re fers to the shape of the settlement as seen from above. The shapes of early settlements were influenced by the surrounding landscape. They were also shaped by other factors such as who owned the land and whether the land was good for building on or not. Some examples of settlement patterns include, nucleated settlements, linear settlements and dispersed settlements .
What is a dispersed settlement?
Dispersed settlements are ones where the houses are spread out over a wide area. They are often the homes of farmers and can be found in rural areas. Example of a dispersed settlement: Brülisau, Switzerland is an example of a linear settlement. Brülisau in Switzerland is an example of a dispersed village.
Why did early settlers form villages?
Early settlers forming villages would often live together for safety, for friendship, and to share services. These early settlements would take on distinctive patterns based on the shape of the land around them. Here we can see some examples of different settlement patterns.
What is the tax consequences of a settlement?
Takeaway. The receipt or payment of amounts as a result of a settlement or judgment has tax consequences. The taxability, deductibility, and character of the payments generally depend on the origin of the claim and the identity of the responsible or harmed party, as reflected in the litigation documents. Certain deduction disallowances may apply.
What is the exception to restitution?
The restitution exception applies only if (1) a court order or settlement identifies the payment as restitution/remediation or to come into compliance with law (identification requirement) and (2) the taxpayer establishes that the payment is restitution/remediation or to come into compliance with law ( establishment requirement).
Is a settlement taxable income?
For a recipient of a settlement amount, the origin-of-the-claimtest determines whether the payment is taxable or nontaxable and, if taxable, whether ordinary or capital gain treatment is appropriate. In general, damages received as a result of a settlement or judgment are taxable to the recipient. However, certain damages may be excludable from income if they represent, for example, gifts or inheritances, payment for personal physical injuries, certain disaster relief payments, amounts for which the taxpayer previously received no tax benefit, cost reimbursements, recovery of capital, or purchase price adjustments. Damages generally are taxable as ordinary income if the payment relates to a claim for lost profits, but they may be characterized as capital gain (to the extent the damages exceed basis) if the underlying claim is for damage to a capitalasset.
Is a settlement deductible?
For both the payer and the recipient, the terms of a settlement or judgment may affect whether a payment is deductible or nondeductible, taxable or nontax able, and its character (i.e., capital or ordinary). In general, the taxpayer has the burden of proof for the tax treatment and characterization of a litigation payment, ...
Does the disallowance apply to restitution?
The disallowance does not apply to payments for restitution (including remediation of property) or to come into compliance with law; taxes due; or amounts paid under court orders when no government or governmental entity is a party to the suit.
Does federal tax treatment depend on whether litigation is concluded by a judgment or order?
While the federal tax treatment does not depend on whether litigation is concluded by a judgment or order or by agreement of the parties, generally more flexibility exists in clarifying the proper tax characterization of an item when litigation is concluded by settlement rather than judgment, because of a greater ability to clearly reflect the intent of the parties and the purpose for the payment in a settlementagreement.
Can a taxpayer be the recipient of a settlement?
During the normal course of business, a taxpayer may find itself the recipient or payer of a settlement or judgment as a result of litigation or arbitration. The federal tax implications of a settlement or judgment, which can be significant, often are overlooked. For both the payer and the recipient, the terms of a settlement or judgment may affect ...
What is linear settlement?
Linear Rural Settlements. The linear form is comprised of buildings along a road, river, dike, or seacoast. Excluding the mountainous zones, the agricultural land is extended behind the buildings. The river can supply the people with a water source and the availability to travel and communicate.
What are the two categories of settlements?
Using as classification criteria the shape, internal structure, and streets texture, settlements can be classified into two broad categories: clustered and dispersed.
What is clustered rural settlement?
A clustered rural settlement is a rural settlement where a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings. The layout of this type of village reflects historical circumstances, the nature of the land, economic conditions, and local cultural characteristics. ...
Where did the dispersed settlement pattern originate?
In the United States, the dispersed settlement pattern was developed first in the Middle Atlantic colonies as a result of the individual immigrants’ arrivals. As people started to move westward, where land was plentiful, the isolated type of settlements became dominant in the American Midwest.
Where are small garden plots located?
Small garden plots are located in the first ring surrounding the houses , continued with large cultivated land areas, pastures, and woodlands in successive rings. The compact villages are located either in the plain areas with important water resources or in some hilly and mountainous depressions.
What are the patterns of rural settlement?
Patterns of rural settlement indicate much about the history, economy, society, and minds of those who created them as well as about the land itself. The essential design of rural activity in the United States bears a strong family resemblance to that of other neo-European lands, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, or tsarist Siberia —places that have undergone rapid occupation and exploitation by immigrants intent upon short-term development and enrichment. In all such areas, under novel social and political conditions and with a relative abundance of territory and physical resources, ideas and institutions derived from a relatively stable medieval or early modern Europe have undergone major transformation. Further, these are nonpeasant countrysides, alike in having failed to achieve the intimate symbiosis of people and habitat, the humanized rural landscapes characteristic of many relatively dense, stable, earthbound communities in parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.
How did pre-European settlements affect the United States?
Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico. A benign habitat permitted a huge contiguous tract of settled land to materialize across nearly all the eastern half of the United States and within substantial patches of the West. The vastness of the land, the scarcity of labour, and the abundance of migratory opportunities in a land replete with raw physical resources contributed to exceptional human mobility and a quick succession of ephemeral forms of land use and settlement. Human endeavours have greatly transformed the landscape, but such efforts have been largely destructive. Most of the pre-European landscape in the United States was so swiftly and radically altered that it is difficult to conjecture intelligently about its earlier appearance.
What are the characteristics of American settlement?
Another special characteristic of American settlement, one that became obvious only by the mid-20th century, is the convergence of rural and urban modes of life. The farmsteads—and rural folk in general—have become increasingly urbanized, and agricultural operations have become more automated, while the metropolis grows more gelatinous, unfocused, and pseudo-bucolic along its margins.
What is the impression of the settled portion of the American landscape, rural or urban, is one of disorder and inco?
The overall impression of the settled portion of the American landscape, rural or urban, is one of disorder and incoherence, even in areas of strict geometric survey. The individual landscape unit is seldom in visual harmony with its neighbour, so that, however sound in design or construction the single structure may be, the general effect is untidy. These attributes have been intensified by the acute individualism of the American, vigorous speculation in land and other commodities, a strongly utilitarian attitude toward the land and the treasures above and below it, and government policy and law. The landscape is also remarkable for its extensive transportation facilities, which have greatly influenced the configuration of the land.
How much land did farms have in the 1980s?
By the late 1980s, for example, when the average farm size had surpassed 460 acres, farms containing 2,000 or more acres accounted for almost half of all farmland and 20 percent of the cropland harvested, even though they comprised less than 3 percent of all farms.
