Full Answer
How did the Industrial Revolution change the pattern of settlement in Russia?
- Industrial Revolution in 19th century changed the pattern of settlement of population tremendously. Because of urbanization, (which is led by Industrial Revolution) rural population ( migrated to western part of Russia. This caused very uneven population density in Russia.
What was the Pale of settlement in Russia like for Jews?
At the time, most Jews (and in fact most Russians) were restricted in their movements. The Pale came into being under the rule of Catherine the Great in 1791, initially as a measure to speed colonization of newly acquired territory on the Black Sea.
How did the Fertile Crescent spread to Eurasia?
This knowledge that began in the Fertile Crescent was carried outward into Eurasia due to the similar climate and beginning of domesticated plants and animals. By 1500 BC, the regions of Poland and western Russia were inhabited and by 1000 BC southwest Russia was being settled.
Why did nomadic tribes settle in southern Russia?
After the end of Ice Ages, Russia became suitable for living and many nomadic tribes migrated to steppes (Huge grassland) in southern Russia. This area was fertile and had perfect environment for farming and ranching. Thus, Scythians, Cimmerians, Huns, Avars and other nomadic tribes occupied southern Russia Since 1,000 BC.
What is the Siberian dilemma?
The Siberian dilemma is that, while Siberia has more natural wealth than any other place in the world, it also has unequaled disadvantages of cold and remoteness. Siberia’s main activity will continue to be resource extraction.
What is the problem with Siberia?
The issue of Siberian development must also consider the particular problem Russia now faces with its population. Russia’s most critical bottleneck in the next 20-30 years is its shrinking labor force. Under those circumstances it makes no sense to have policies intended to attract more people to Siberia. They would be less productive there than elsewhere, and that would weaken the national economy. In the future, Siberia must be developed by a different approach than in the past. Massive concentrated investments to build and support large cities was the past approach. Now, Russia needs to find ways to develop its resources with the fewest number of people possible. So-called Canadian methods — temporary stationing of work teams for resource development at the point of extraction, and so on — would be more important for Russia than Canada.
What are the timeless questions that Russians ask?
Russians are famous for their “eternal questions.” “Who is to blame?” and “What is to be done?” are the best-known. Another of the timeless quandaries seems to be, “What is the future of Siberia?” In 2003 Fiona Hill and I wrote a book about the legacy of Soviet-era development of Siberia for today’s Russia, The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold. Ten years later, people still ask us the Siberian question. Last week I received an inquiry from a journalist who had been tasked to write about Russia’s new plans for Siberian development. My replies to a couple of her questions might be of interest.
Is Siberia part of Russia?
First, Siberia is part of Russia. That means Siberian development has to be viewed as a national problem, not a local one. Second, even though there are important noneconomic reasons – national security, culture, history – why one might prefer one or another path for Siberian development, one needs to know the economic costs and benefits. Taken together, these two points mean that the question has to be: Does this or that plan for Siberia reflect the best use of Russia’s resources for the nation’s well-being? Specifically, as far as regional policy is concerned, the general rule should be: “Locate economic activity in Siberia only if it cannot be done more efficiently (at lower cost) elsewhere.”
Which country is more densely populated than Alaska?
Consider the contrast between Russia, on the one hand, and the US and Canada, on the other. In terms of relative shares of total national population and territory, Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East are roughly 15 times more densely populated than Alaska and Canada’s northern territories.
Should manufacturing be small in Siberia?
The share of manufacturing and other industry in Siberia should be relatively small. It should be businesses that primarily serve the local region. In the future, large-scale manufacturing plants should not be located to Siberia.
Is Russia handicapped by location?
That does not matter today. Russia today is burdened with massive amounts of physical and human capital that is handicapped by location. Today, the point is to remove the handicaps if possible, and most important, avoid unnecessary ones in the future. Merely compensating for the disadvantages through subsidies, artificially low rail and electricity tariffs, and the like, is not enough. That is still costly. (Russia’s handicapped capital is the theme of my new book with Barry Ickes, Bear Traps on Russia’s Road to Modernization .)
Population and Settlement
The Russian Federation, more commonly known as simply, Russia, is the world’s largest country geographically. As of 2012 the population stood at 143.5 million people (World Population Statistics). Surely this group of peoples did not spring up immediately. Russian civilization can be traced back to the pre-Slavs in an area called, Mesopotamia.
Additional Sources
For more information on the history of Russia and how the population and settlements have shifted, please visit these two sites: historyworld.net or parallelsixty.com. Both serve a thorough examination of the settlements and how they evolved over time. Finally, both sites allow access to examine other countries and their history.
Population Pyramids (Fig. 3)
These population pyramids differ by 100 years- the first being in 1950 and the other in 2050. In 1950, more of the classic pyramid shape is seen, with a wider base and narrower top. This means that in 1950, there was a greater population of younger people than older people. There are distinct inward points on the graph, though.
Sources
Delaine, L. (2007, September 27). Ancient Peoples of the Russian Steppes. Russian Life. Retrieved January 29, 2014, from http://www.russianlife.com/blog/ancient-peoples-russian-steppes/
Who was the first to establish the pale of settlement?
The name "Pale of settlement" first arose under the rule of Nicholas I.
How far from the western border were the rural areas closed for new settlements?
Rural areas for 50 versts (53 km) from the western border were closed for new settlement of the Jews.
What is the Pale of Settlement?
The Pale of Settlement ( Russian: Черта́ осе́длости, chertá osédlosti; Yiddish: דער תּחום-המושבֿ , der tkhum-ha-moyshəv; Hebrew: תְּחוּם הַמּוֹשָב , t'ẖum hammosháv) was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, ...
Why did Jews not engage in agriculture?
Most Jews could not engage in agriculture due to the nature of the Pale, and were thus predominantly merchants, artisans, and shopkeepers. This made poverty a serious issue among the Jews. However, a robust Jewish community welfare system arose; by the end of the 19th century nearly 1 in 3 Jews in the Pale were being supported by Jewish welfare organizations. This Jewish support system included, but was not limited to, providing free medicine to the poor, giving dowries to poor brides, Kosher food to Jewish soldiers, and education to orphans.
Who expanded the rights of rich and educated Jews to leave and live beyond the pale?
In practice, this was very difficult to enforce, and the restrictions were lessened in 1858. Alexander II , who ruled 1855 to 1881, expanded the rights of rich and educated Jews to leave and live beyond the Pale, which led many Jews to believe that the Pale might soon be abolished.
When did the pale end?
The Pale formally came to an end soon after the abdication of Nicholas II, and as revolution gripped Russia. On March 20 (April 2 N.S. ), 1917, the Pale was abolished by the Provisional Government decree, On the abolition of religious and national restrictions.