After 1982's English Settlement, the band stopped concert touring and became a studio-based project centred on Partridge, Moulding, and guitarist Dave Gregory. They continued to produce more progressive records, including the albums Skylarking (produced by Todd Rundgren , 1986), Oranges & Lemons (1989), Nonsuch (1992) and Apple Venus Volume 1 (1999).
Full Answer
Why did the English encourage immigration in the 17th century?
At the start of the seventeenth century, the English had not established a permanent settlement in the Americas. Over the next century, however, they outpaced their rivals. The English encouraged emigration far more than the Spanish, French, or Dutch. They established nearly a dozen colonies, sending swarms of immigrants to populate the land.
What is colonial settlement?
English Settlement > 2.1 Timeline: Colonial Settlement Several European nations were colonizing North America and the Caribean while British colonists were settling in North America. And events in Europe often affected colonization.
What was the first English settlement in North America?
On May 13, he founds the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America. Newport leaves Captain John Smith in charge of the colony, which suffers terribly from starvation and Indian attacks during its early years.
Why did the Second Anglo-Powhatan War break out?
The Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1620s) broke out because of the expansion of the English settlement nearly one hundred miles into the interior, and because of the continued insults and friction caused by English activities. The Powhatan attacked in 1622 and succeeded in killing almost 350 English, about a third of the settlers.
What happened in the English settlement?
In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I. The settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What happened to the first English settlements?
Thus, Lane decided to abandon the fort and to leave with Drake. And so on 18 June 1586 the first colony ended in disorder. Three of Lane's men, off on an expedition, were left behind — the first "lost colonists." About two weeks later Grenville arrived with supplies and about 400 men.
What happened to the first English settlement in America?
In 1584, the colonists established the first permanent English colony in North America, but the colonists were poorly prepared for life in the New World, and by 1590, the colonists had disappeared.
Why were English settlements more successful?
The English colonists, on the other hand, enjoyed far more freedom and were able to govern themselves as long as they followed English law and were loyal to the king. In addition, unlike France and Spain, England encouraged immigration from other nations, thus boosting its colonial popula- tion.
What English colony disappeared?
Roanoke IslandLost Colony, early English settlement on Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina, U.S.) that mysteriously disappeared between the time of its founding (1587) and the return of the expedition's leader (1590).
What really happened to the Lost Colony?
Established 20 years before Jamestown, the colony on Roanoke Island in modern-day North Carolina set out to be the first permanent English settlement in North America. Instead, the colony was discovered abandoned only three years after its founding, with no trace of its former inhabitants.
What were the 3 main reasons why English settlers came to America?
1 Religious Freedom. Colonies such as Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Maryland were settled primarily by people seeking religious freedom. ... 2 Economic Gain. In the Southern colonies, economic incentives often trumped religious intentions. ... 3 Avoiding Debtor's Prison. ... 4 Enslavement.
Why was the lost colony left and considered lost?
Following the failure of the 1585 settlement, a second expedition, led by John White, landed on the same island in 1587, and set up another settlement that became known as the Lost Colony due to the subsequent unexplained disappearance of its population.
What year did the Lost Colony disappear?
1590The settlers, who arrived in 1587, disappeared in 1590, leaving behind only two clues: the words "Croatoan" carved into a fort's gatepost and "Cro" etched into a tree. Theories about the disappearance have ranged from an annihilating disease to a violent rampage by local Native American tribes.
What was the most successful colony?
Massachusetts Bay Colony was a British settlement in Massachusetts in the 17th century. It was the most successful and profitable colony in New England.
What made a colony successful?
Leadership. Leading a colony, far from home and any chance of immediate support, was a daunting undertaking. But it would be hard to bet on a settlement's success without good leadership.
What were the advantages of being a British colony?
English institutions, such as the common law, property rights security, contract enforcement, and banking and trading practices provided a positive basis for economic growth in the colonies that has persisted.
What are the three early English settlements?
Another stream, this one of pious Puritan families, sought to live as they believed scripture demanded and established the Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, Connecticut, and Rhode Island colonies of New England.
What were the first three English settlements in America?
Section Summary. The English came late to colonization of the Americas, establishing stable settlements in the 1600s after several unsuccessful attempts in the 1500s. After Roanoke Colony failed in 1587, the English found more success with the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620.
What were the first three English settlements in North America?
In a space of two years, however, in 1607 and 1608, the Spanish, English, and French founded settlements north of the 30th latitude that survived despite the odds against them—Santa Fé in New Mexico (1607), Jamestown on the Atlantic coast (1607), and Quebec on the St. Lawrence River (1608).
Who founded the first English colonies?
Contents. On May 14, 1607, a group of roughly 100 members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America on the banks of the James River.
Why did the Puritans escape England?
Although many people assume Puritans escaped England to establish religious freedom , they proved to be just as intolerant as the English state church. When dissenters, including Puritan minister Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, challenged Governor Winthrop in Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s, they were banished. Roger Williams questioned the Puritans’ taking of Native land. Williams also argued for a complete separation from the Church of England, a position other Puritans in Massachusetts rejected, as well as the idea that the state could not punish individuals for their beliefs. Although he did accept that nonbelievers were destined for eternal damnation, Williams did not think the state could compel true orthodoxy. Puritan authorities found him guilty of spreading dangerous ideas, but he went on to found Rhode Island as a colony that sheltered dissenting Puritans from their brethren in Massachusetts. In Rhode Island, Williams wrote favorably about native peoples, contrasting their virtues with Puritan New England’s intolerance.
Why did the Puritans divide the English society?
The conflict generated by Puritanism had divided English society, because the Puritans demanded reforms that undermined the traditional festive culture.
How did the Puritan labor system differ from the Chesapeake colonies?
Different labor systems also distinguished early Puritan New England from the Chesapeake colonies. Puritans expected young people to work diligently at their calling, and all members of their large families, including children, did the bulk of the work necessary to run homes, farms, and businesses. Very few migrants came to New England as laborers; in fact, New England towns protected their disciplined homegrown workforce by refusing to allow outsiders in, assuring their sons and daughters of steady employment. New England ’s labor system produced remarkable results, notably a powerful maritime-based economy with scores of oceangoing ships and the crews necessary to sail them. New England mariners sailing New England–made ships transported Virginian tobacco and West Indian sugar throughout the Atlantic World.
Why were Puritans a threat to the Church of England?
In the Church’s view, Puritans represented a national security threat, because their demands for cultural, social, and religious reforms undermined the king’s authority. Unwilling to conform to the Church of England, many Puritans found refuge in the New World. Yet those who emigrated to the Americas were not united. Some called for a complete break with the Church of England, while others remained committed to reforming the national church.
What were the Puritans' motives for settling in New England?
Many of the Puritans crossing the Atlantic were people who brought families and children. Often they were following their ministers in a migration “beyond the seas,” envisioning a new English Israel where reformed Protestantism would grow and thrive, providing a model for the rest of the Christian world and a counter to what they saw as the Catholic menace. While the English in Virginia and Maryland worked on expanding their profitable tobacco fields, the English in New England built towns focused on the church, where each congregation decided what was best for itself. The Congregational Church is the result of the Puritan enterprise in America. Many historians believe the fault lines separating what later became the North and South in the United States originated in the profound differences between the Chesapeake and New England colonies.
What was the Church of England in the 1600s?
Increasingly in the early 1600s, the English state church—the Church of England, established in the 1530s—demanded conformity, or compliance with its practices, but Puritans pushed for greater reforms.
Where did slavery take place?
On the small island of Barbados, colonized in the 1620s, English planters first grew tobacco as their main export crop, but in the 1640s, they converted to sugarcane and began increasingly to rely on African enslaved people. In 1655, England wrestled control of Jamaica from the Spanish and quickly turned it into a lucrative sugar island, run on forced labor, for its expanding empire. While slavery was slower to take hold in the Chesapeake colonies, by the end of the seventeenth century, both Virginia and Maryland had also adopted chattel slavery—which legally defined Africans as property and not people—as the dominant form of labor to grow tobacco. Chesapeake colonists also enslaved native people.
Why did the English settle in Virginia?
In the early seventeenth century, thousands of English settlers came to what are now Virginia, Maryland, and the New England states in search of opportunity and a better life.
Why did the Puritans escape England?
Although many people assume Puritans escaped England to establish religious freedom , they proved to be just as intolerant as the English state church. When dissenters, including Puritan minister Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, challenged Governor Winthrop in Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s, they were banished. Roger Williams questioned the Puritans’ taking of Indian land. Williams also argued for a complete separation from the Church of England, a position other Puritans in Massachusetts rejected, as well as the idea that the state could not punish individuals for their beliefs. Although he did accept that nonbelievers were destined for eternal damnation, Williams did not think the state could compel true orthodoxy. Puritan authorities found him guilty of spreading dangerous ideas, but he went on to found Rhode Island as a colony that sheltered dissenting Puritans from their brethren in Massachusetts. In Rhode Island, Williams wrote favorably about native peoples, contrasting their virtues with Puritan New England’s intolerance.
Why were Puritans a threat to the Church of England?
In the Church’s view, Puritans represented a national security threat, because their demands for cultural, social, and religious reforms undermined the king’s authority. Unwilling to conform to the Church of England, many Puritans found refuge in the New World. Yet those who emigrated to the Americas were not united. Some called for a complete break with the Church of England, while others remained committed to reforming the national church.
What were the Puritans' motives for settling in New England?
Many of the Puritans crossing the Atlantic were people who brought families and children. Often they were following their ministers in a migration “beyond the seas,” envisioning a new English Israel where reformed Protestantism would grow and thrive, providing a model for the rest of the Christian world and a counter to what they saw as the Catholic menace. While the English in Virginia and Maryland worked on expanding their profitable tobacco fields, the English in New England built towns focused on the church, where each congregation decided what was best for itself. The Congregational Church is the result of the Puritan enterprise in America. Many historians believe the fault lines separating what later became the North and South in the United States originated in the profound differences between the Chesapeake and New England colonies.
What was the result of the Puritan enterprise in America?
While the English in Virginia and Maryland worked on expanding their profitable tobacco fields, the English in New England built towns focused on the church, where each congregation decided what was best for itself. The Congregational Church is the result of the Puritan enterprise in America.
What were the English colonies like in the seventeenth century?
The English encouraged emigration far more than the Spanish, French, or Dutch. They established nearly a dozen colonies, sending swarms of immigrants to populate the land. England had experienced a dramatic rise in population in the sixteenth century, and the colonies appeared a welcoming place for those who faced overcrowding and grinding poverty at home. Thousands of English migrants arrived in the Chesapeake Bay colonies of Virginia and Maryland to work in the tobacco fields. Another stream, this one of pious Puritan families, sought to live as they believed scripture demanded and established the Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, Connecticut, and Rhode Island colonies of New England ( [link] ).
How many people lived in New England in 1640?
By 1640, New England had a population of twenty-five thousand. Meanwhile, many loyal members of the Church of England, who ridiculed and mocked Puritans both at home and in New England, flocked to Virginia for economic opportunity.
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown Founded. Captain Christopher Newport sails into the Chesapeake Bay and up a river he names for King James I. On May 13, he founds the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Who was the first European to settle in North America?
St. Augustine, Florida, founded by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, becomes the first permanent European settlement in North America, after an attack on Fort Carolina, a French Huguenot settlement, results in the deaths of all male inhabitants. Florida tobacco is introduced into England by John Hawkins.
What happened to the Roanoke colony?
Roanoke Colony Lost. When John White returns to Roanoke Island, after having been delayed by war with Spain, he discovers the entire colony has disappeared without a trace, including members of his own family, among them his young granddaughter, Virginia Dare.
How many people lived in the colonies in 1700?
1700. Colonial Population Reaches 260,000 . The three largest cities in the British North American colonies are Boston and Philadelphia with about 12,000 residents each, followed by New York, with 5,000 residents. The total colonial population, not counting Indians and slaves, is 260,000.
Why was Anne Hutchinson banned from Massachusetts Bay?
Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson, who had been banned from Massachusetts Bay in 1637 for objecting to its harsh theocratic rule , is killed by Indians in a settlement that would later become New Rochelle, New York. The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay consider her death to be the result of divine intervention.
When did the pilgrims arrive on the Mayflower?
1620. Plymouth Colony. One hundred Pilgrims arrive on the Mayflower on November 11 off Cape Cod. Realizing they are outside the jurisdiction of the London Company, which had issued them a charter to settle in America, the Pilgrims establish a colony at Plymouth and draw up the Mayflower Compact to govern the colony.
Who established New France?
Champlain Establishes New France. The French explorer and geographer Samuel de Champlain sails the coast of New England from Maine to Cape Cod and establishes a colony in present-day Nova Scotia. Tobacco Condemned. King James I of England writes that smoking tobacco is a filthy and unhealthful habit.
Why was English settlement chosen?
Partridge said that English Settlement was ultimately chosen because he felt "it's our most English record.". He explained: "It's kind of an ambiguous title. ... [The horse is] literally a kind of Iron Age advertisement for an English settlement that was on top of the hill when the first settlers came to England.
How long did English Settlement stay on the Billboard 200?
It reached number 5 on the UK Album Chart during an 11-week stay, as well as number 48 on the US Billboard 200 during a 20-week stay.
Why did Langer quit?
They recorded " Ball and Chain ", "Punch and Judy", and "Egyptian Solution (Thebes in a Box"). Langer quit on the first day as he felt his input was unnecessary. The sessions were finished with Winstanley at AIR Studios, but only his production of "Egyptian Solution" was kept by the group.
What happened to XTC in the 1980s?
By the early 1980s, XTC—and particularly frontman Andy Partridge —were fatigued from their grueling touring regimen. During one performance on their 1979–1980 Drums and Wires tour, Partridge suffered momentary amnesia, forgetting XTC's songs as well as his own identity. Once the tour was done, they had only a few weeks to write their fourth album, Black Sea. It was released in September 1980 to critical acclaim and peaked at number 16 in the UK and number 41 in the US. The album's arrangements were written with the band's subsequent concert performances in mind, avoiding overdubs unless they could be performed live.
Why was Andy Partridge fatigued?
Principal songwriter Andy Partridge was fatigued by the grueling touring regimen imposed by their label and management, and believed that pursuing a sound less suited for live performance would relieve the pressure to tour.
How long did the album "Senses Working Overtime" stay on the UK chart?
The album remained on the UK Album Chart for 11 weeks.
What led some of the Massachusetts Puritans to move elsewhere?
Religious intolerance of the Massachusetts Puritans led some of its colonist, including Williams, to move elsewhere.
What were the separatists in Virginia?
Separatists were people that wanted to separate from the Anglican Church. Burgesses were elected representatives of Virginia. Tenant farmers pay a land owner an amount in exchange for the right to farm a piece of land. Indentured servants signed contracts to sail to America for free passage.