A cash settlement is a settlement method used in certain futures and options contracts where, upon expiration or exercise, the seller of the financial instrument does not deliver the actual (physical) underlying asset but instead transfers the associated cash position.
What is hash (hashish)?
What is Hash (Hashish)? Hash is a drug similar to marijuana or ganja but not the same. Both come from cannabis plant material. However, hash is concentrated and made from the compressed or purified preparation of the stalked resinous glands of the plant that are known as trichomes.
What is a'cash settlement'?
What is a 'Cash Settlement'. A cash settlement is a settlement method used in certain futures and options contracts where, upon expiration or exercise, the seller of the financial instrument does not deliver the actual (physical) underlying asset but instead transfers the associated cash position.
What is a hashing algorithm?
Hashes are the output of a hashing algorithm like MD5 (Message Digest 5) or SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm). These algorithms essentially aim to produce a unique, fixed-length string – the hash value, or “message digest” – for any given piece of data or “message”.
What is hashing and how does it work?
Hashing requires processing the data from a block through a mathematical function, which results in an output of a fixed length. Using a fixed-length output increases security since anyone trying to decrypt the hash won’t be able to tell how long or short the input is simply by looking at the length of the output.
What Is a Hash?
A hash is a mathematical function that converts an input of arbitrary length into an encrypted output of a fixed length. Thus regardless of the original amount of data or file size involved, its unique hash will always be the same size. Moreover, hashes cannot be used to "reverse-engineer" the input from the hashed output, since hash functions are "one-way" (like a meat grinder; you can't put the ground beef back into a steak). Still, if you use such a function on the same data, its hash will be identical, so you can validate that the data is the same (i.e., unaltered) if you already know its hash.
Why is hash important?
Hashing is also essential to blockchain management in cryptocurrency.
How does a hash work in blockchain?
Hashes are used in several parts of a blockchain system. First, each block contains the hash of the block header of the previous block, ensuring that nothing has been tampered with as new blocks are added . Cryptocurrency mining using proof-of-work (PoW), furthermore, utilizes hashing of randomly generated numbers in order to arrive at a specific hashed value containing a series of leading zeroes. This arbitrary function is resource-intensive, making it difficult for a bad actor to overtake the network.
What is a hash function?
What Is a Hash? A hash is a mathematical function that converts an input of arbitrary length into an encrypted output of a fixed length. Thus regardless of the original amount of data or file size involved, its unique hash will always be the same size. Moreover, hashes cannot be used to "reverse-engineer" the input from the hashed output, ...
Why are hashes fixed length?
Hashes are of a fixed length since it makes it nearly impossible to guess the length of the hash if someone was trying to crack the blockchain. The same data will always produce the same hashed value. A hash, like a nonce or a solution, is the backbone of the blockchain network.
What are the properties of hash functions?
In particular, cryptographic hash functions exhibit these three properties: 1 They are “collision-free.” This means that no two input hashes should map to the same output hash. 2 They can be hidden. It should be difficult to guess the input value for a hash function from its output. 3 They should be puzzle-friendly. It should be difficult to select an input that provides a pre-defined output. Thus, the input should be selected from a distribution that's as wide as possible.
What is cryptographic hash?
Cryptographic hash functions add security features to typical hash functions, making it more difficult to detect the contents of a message or information about recipients and senders. In particular, cryptographic hash functions exhibit these three properties: They are “collision-free.”.
What is a hash?
Hashes are the output of a hashing algorithm like MD5 (Message Digest 5) or SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm). These algorithms essentially aim to produce a unique, fixed-length string – the hash value, or “message digest” – for any given piece of data or “message”. As every file on a computer is, ultimately, just data that can be represented in binary ...
What is Hashing Used For?
Some legacy AV solutions rely entirely on hash values to determine if a file is malicious or not, without examining the file’s contents or behaviour. They do this by keeping an internal database of hash values belonging to known malware. On scanning a system, the AV engine calculates a hash value for each executable file on the user’s machine and tests to see if there is a match in its database.
What is a hash algorithm?
What is a Hashing Algorithm? Hashes are the output of a hashing algorithm like MD5 (Message Digest 5) or SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm). These algorithms essentially aim to produce a unique, fixed-length string – the hash value, or “message digest” – for any given piece of data or “message”. As every file on a computer is, ultimately, ...
Why is hashing important in computer security?
Hashes are a fundamental tool in computer security as they can reliably tell us when two files are identical, so long as we use secure hashing algorithms that avoid collisions. Even so, as we have seen above, two files can have the same behaviour and functionality without necessarily having the same hash, so relying on hash identity for AV detection is a flawed approach.
How to calculate hash value in Windows 10?
To calculate a file’s hash in Windows 10, use PowerShell’s built in Get-FileHash cmdlet and feed it the path to a file whose hash value you want to produce. By default, it will use the SHA-2 256 algorithm:
Why are hashes useful?
Despite that, hashes are still useful for security analysts for such things as sharing IOCs and threat-hunting, and you will undoubtedly encounter them on a daily basis if you work anywhere in the field of computer and network security.
Is threat hunting easier?
Threat hunting is also made easier thanks to hash values. Let’s take a look at an example of how an IT admin could search for threats across their fleet using hash values in the SentinelOne management console.
What is a sash settlement?
Sash settlement is a type of settlement where there is no transfer of securities, and only the difference amount is transferred against the physical settlement where securities are ought to be transferred.
Why is cash settlement important?
The main contribution of cash settlement would be to reduce the cost and time for the contract settlement since it is cash-settled, there is only one transaction bound to happen during the end of the contract reducing the cost, and since there is no physical delivery , it saves a lot of time and money resulting in high volumes in the market.
Is it safe to trade cash settlement accounts?
It is equally safe, too, as cash-settled accounts require margins to trade and they have to maintain a minimum balance in the account to facilitate trading in the market, which kind of ensures the party against any future default.
What is Hash?
Hash (from the Arabic hashish) is a smokable form of cannabis made from the trichomes on the surface of the plant. If that sounds familiar, it’s because the concentrates we smoke in the west are made from the same stuff, though rather than a viscous liquid, hash is usually pressed into a “cake,” a small block which burns like an ember.
A Brief History of Hash
Hash has no clear genesis, but it has been used for centuries around India, Nepal, Pakistan, and northern Africa for medicinal purposes and religious ceremonies.
Types of Hash
Hash is the result of harvesting trichomes — the cannabinoid-rich glands — from the surface of the plant. While modern concentrates like wax and oil often use chemical solvents to strip this material away from the plant, hash is harvested with no additional chemicals.
Conclusion
Hash, or hashish, is one of the most ancient ways of harvesting and consuming cannabis, and remains relevant today--perhaps more relevant among the rise of other cannabis concentrates. But it’s also relatively easy, and a lot of fun, to make at home.
Frequently Asked Questions About Hash
No. Wax, shatter, and oil are solvent-based extractions that use other chemicals to separate the rich trichomes from the plant material. Hash uses simple agitation (shaking, beating, pressing, etc.) with no additional chemicals to separate the trichomes. The result is kief, which is then pressed into malleable shapes or blocks.
What happens when you use hash?
Long-term, chronic use of hash leads to physical dependence. When someone is physically addicted to a substance, they experience withdrawal symptoms when they do not use it.
Why is hashing dangerous?
This effect is extremely dangerous when combined with alcohol because vomiting is the body’s natural way of eliminating dangerous levels of alcohol from the body. Alcohol intensifies the symptoms of hash use, which include hallucinations and anxiety.
What is hash oil?
However, you can use hash oil, also known as honey oil or cannabis oil, which is extracted from the cannabis plant. It contains many of its resins and terpenes, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids.
How much THC is in hash?
Most strains of hash contain high levels of THC concentrations of about 40 to 60 percent or higher. One particularly potent type of hash has a 90 percent THC concentration.
Which is more potent, hash or thc?
Have different potencies. Hash has a higher concentration of THC and therefore, is more potent.
What are the health effects of drinking alcohol and hash?
Long-term mixing of alcohol and hash increases the risk of liver disease, kidney disease, immune system problems, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal health problems.
What color is hash?
Hash comes in ball or block form. It varies in color and is usually green, red, black, or brown.
What is zero hash?
Zero Hash is a FinCEN-registered Money Service Business as well as a Money Transmitter in more than 45 states. Zero Hash holds a virtual currency license from NYDFS and a registration as a Money Service Business with both FinCEN (US) and FINTRAC (Canada).
Does zero hash work 24/7?
Zero Hash operates 24/7. Note, however, that the certification environment will periodically be taken down for testing.
What Is A Hash?
How Hashes Work
- Typical hash functions take inputs of variable lengths to return outputs of a fixed length. A cryptographic hash function combines the message-passing capabilities of hash functions with security properties. Hash functions are commonly used data structures in computing systems for tasks, such as checking the integrity of messages and authenticating information. While they ar…
Hashing and Cryptocurrencies
- The backbone of a cryptocurrency is the blockchain, which is a global ledger formed by linking together individual blocks of transaction data. The blockchain only contains validated transactions, which prevents fraudulent transactions and double spending of the currency. The resulting encrypted value is a series of numbers and letters that do not resemble the original data and is c…
Special Considerations
- Solving the hash requires the miner to determine which string to use as the nonce, which itself requires a significant amount of trial-and-error. This is because the nonce is a random string. It is highly unlikely that a miner will successfully come up with the correct nonce on the first try, meaning that the miner may potentially test a large number of nonce options before getting it rig…
An Example of A Hash
- Hashing the word “hello” will produce an output that is the same length as the hash for “I am going to the store.” The function used to generate the hash is deterministic, meaning that it will produce the same result each time the same input is used. It can generate a hashed input efficiently; it also makes determining the input difficult (leading to mining), as well as makes small changes to the i…
What Is A Hashing Algorithm?
How Hashes Establish Identity
- Hashes cannot be reversed, so simply knowing the result of a file’s hash from a hashing algorithm does not allow you to reconstruct the file’s contents. What it does allow you to do, however, is determine whether two files are identical or not without knowing anything about their contents. For this reason, the idea that the result is unique is fundamental to the whole concept of hashes. If t…
What Is Hashing Used for?
- Given a unique identifier for a file, we can use this information in a number of ways. Some legacy AV solutions rely entirely on hash values to determine if a file is malicious or not, without examining the file’s contents or behaviour. They do this by keeping an internal database of hash values belonging to known malware. On scanning a system, the AV engine calculates a hash va…
Benefits of Hashes in Threat Hunting
- Threat hunting is also made easier thanks to hash values. Let’s take a look at an example of how an IT admin could search for threats across their fleet using hash values in the SentinelOne management console. Hashes are really helpful when you identify a threat on one machine and want to query your entire network for existence of that file. Click the Visibility icon in the Sentinel…
Conclusion
- Hashes are a fundamental tool in computer security as they can reliably tell us when two files are identical, so long as we use secure hashing algorithms that avoid collisions. Even so, as we have seen above, two files can have the same behaviour and functionality without necessarily having the same hash, so relying on hash identity for AV detection is a flawed approach. Despite that, h…
Explanation
Roles of Cash Settlement
Example of Cash Settlement
Cash Settled Options
Cash Settlement vs. Physical Settlement
- Sash settlement is a type of settlement where there is no transfer of securities, and only the difference amount is transferred against the physical settlement where securities are ought to be tran...
- Most of the physical settlement trades are made with commodities in the futures market where the buyer locks in the price of the commodity to avoid the risk of paying the high prices in the …
- Sash settlement is a type of settlement where there is no transfer of securities, and only the difference amount is transferred against the physical settlement where securities are ought to be tran...
- Most of the physical settlement trades are made with commodities in the futures market where the buyer locks in the price of the commodity to avoid the risk of paying the high prices in the future,...
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
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