What is the settlement pattern of Western Australia?
The settlement pattern in the west is also characterized by a clustered and scattered pattern. The state has an average population density of 2.6 people per sq km. But the capital of the state, Brisbane has a density of 350 people per sq km while other sparsely populated settlements has less than 1!
How did the geography of Australia and Oceania shape its culture?
Australia and Oceania’s physical geography, environment and resource s, and human geography can be considered separately. Indigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of Australia and Oceania. Polynesian culture, for example, developed as Southeast Asian sailors explored the South Pacific.
What has shaped the physical landscape of Oceania?
Much of the physical landscape of Oceania has been directly shaped by human activity and settlement. Although Australia today is known for its origin as a British prison colony, the continent was inhabited long before Europeans arrived.
How did European settlement of Australia affect Aborigines?
European settlement of Australia challenged aboriginal land and water resources, but it was disease that had the most devastating effect on the indigenous population. At the time of British colonization, there were likely between 315,000 and 750,000 Aborigines in Australia.
What are the settlement patterns of Australia?
Since the early 19th century, the terms Outback, Interior, and Coastal (also Fringe, or Fertile Crescent) have been popular titles for the three broad regions of settlement. The term bush is applied indiscriminately to most rural or isolated districts regardless of their stage or type of development.
Which pattern of settlement led to the original population of Australia and Oceania?
What is the original settlement pattern of Australia and Oceania? The earliest settlers likely arrived from Southeast Asia and sailed to the islands. As sea levels rise in this region, how will island nations be impacted? Businesses will need to move to less vulnerable locations.
What is the characteristics of Australian?
Humility and authenticity are strong values in Australian culture. As such, Australians are very down to earth and always mindful of not giving the impression that they think they are better than anyone else. They also tend to value sincerity, humour, informality, whilst loathing pretentiousness.
What factors influence Australian settlement patterns?
The underlying geography and the location of natural resources had an obvious impact on settlement patterns. Most often this impact had already played out in earlier times and was evident in the settlement patterns of 1911. The climate, soils and distance were key factors in the early development of Australia.
Is Australia and Oceania the same?
Australia & Oceania. Australia is the largest landmass on the continent of Australia. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. It includes Australia, the smallest continent in terms of total land area.
How many settlements are there in Australia?
At the time of the 2016 Census, 2.3 million people were living in small towns, or 9.7% of the Australian population. Australia-wide, there were just over 1,700 small towns. Of these: 88 towns had populations of 5,000 to 9,999, and were home to 613,500 people.
What are the most positive characteristics of being Australian?
The 10 most Australian values that make Australia so valuableThe gift of the nature strip. You can take anything you like from the nature strip. ... The front seat. In a taxi, we always sit in the front. ( ... Hating/respecting authority. ... Democracy sausages. ... A sport obsession. ... A love of (TV) democracy. ... Americanism. ... Creativity.More items...•
What are the two distinct physical characteristics of Australia?
Important geographical features in Australia include elevation, mountains, and the outback, which is an arid, dry region.
How do you describe Australian culture?
Aussie's are known for being open-hearted and open-minded and think that everyone has the right to get a fair go. This can be seen in universal support of publicly funded health care and education systems.
Why are most Australian settlements on the coast?
Using slides six to ten: The cities are all located by the coast as the coastal areas of Australia are most accessible for trade and travel, have the best climate and leisure activities, and there is enough water available to meet the needs of a large population.
What are the types of settlement patterns?
There are three main settlement patterns: nucleated, linear and dispersed.
What are the factors that influence the settlement pattern?
1 Physical Environment. One of the most basic factors affecting settlement patterns is the physical geography of the land. ... 2 Transportation Systems. Settlement patterns have always been affected by the technology available to settlers, and especially by methods of transportation. ... 3 Economic Concerns. ... 4 Government Policies.
What is the cultural origin of most of Australia's population?
The culture of Australia is primarily a Western culture, originally derived from Britain but also influenced by the unique geography of Australia and the cultural input of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and other Australian people.
What are the types of settlement patterns?
There are three main settlement patterns: nucleated, linear and dispersed.
Which was an effect of British settlement of Australia group of answer choices?
* Cook Unit 9 AustraliaQuestionAnswerWhich was an effect of British settlement of Australia?The settlers brought deadly diseases.Why are most of Australia's cities on the eastern and southeastern coast of the country?The climate is temperate, and there is good rainfall.47 more rows
How did the European colonists use the land in the region when they came to Australia?
They called it terra nullius, or land belonging to no one. The settlers cleared land for farming and to build towns along the east coast. They fenced off the land, which restricted access to clean water, hunting grounds, and food supplies for Indigenous communities.
What were the effects of European settlement on Australia?
European settlement of Australia challenged aboriginal land and water resources, but it was disease that had the most devastating effect on the indigenous population. At the time of British colonization, there were likely between 315,000 and 750,000 Aborigines in Australia. By the start of World War II, diseases like smallpox and measles reduced their numbers to just 74,000.
How did the physical landscape of Oceania shape the world?
Much of the physical landscape of Oceania has been directly shaped by human activity and settlement. Although Australia today is known for its origin as a British prison colony, the continent was inhabited long before Europeans arrived. The indigenous people of Australia are known as Aborigines and comprise a number of different ethnolinguistic and cultural groups. Most researchers believe the first aboriginal groups arrived in Australia between 40,000 and 50,000 years ago when sea levels were lower and land bridges and relatively short sea crossings separated Australia, Tasmania, and Papua New Guinea from mainland Southeast Asia.
What percentage of New Zealand's population is Maori?
The Maori of New Zealand make up a much larger portion of the country’s population at around 15 percent. The Maori have generally kept their traditional cultural and linguistic traditions while partially integrating into more western New Zealand society. Compared to other groups in New Zealand, the Maori have lower life expectancies and average incomes, and make up around 50 percent of New Zealand’s prison population.
What happened to the people of Australia when the Europeans arrived?
Life would change dramatically for the people of Oceania with the arrival of Europeans. The Dutch first made landfall in Australia in 1606 CE but simply explored and mapped the area and did not establish a settlement. In the late 18th century, the British established their first Australian settlement in what would later become the city of Sydney with the intention of creating an overseas penal colony. However, many of the prisoners sent to Australia were not hardened criminals who needed to be separated from the British Isles by an expansive ocean. Many were accused of petty crimes like theft and even children who had committed crimes were shipped to Australia. Today, around 20 percent of Australians are the descendants of these imprisoned settlers.
What were the Pacific islands like in the 19th century?
Some islands were seen as strategic military bases. Others, such as France’s colony of New Caledonia, were transformed into overseas prison colonies following the British model. Still others were occupied for their resources and trade opportunities. In the decades following World War II, a number of islands achieved independence. Australia slowly increased its autonomy throughout the early 20th century, officially dissolving from British control in 1942. New Zealand gained independence from Britain in 1947. In the 1970s and 1980s, another wave of independence occurred, with Fiji, Tonga, and a number of other states gaining independence.
When did the Pacific islands start to be settled?
It took thousands more years and advances in ocean transportation and navigation for the rest of the Pacific islands to be settled (Figure 10.4. 1 ). Humans gradually made their way to the islands of Melanesia, to Fiji by 900 BCE then east and north. The far-reaches of Polynesia, including Hawaii and Easter Island, were not populated until much later due to the long distances separating them from other landmasses. New Zealand, though, was one of the last to be settled, with Eastern Polynesians not arriving on the islands until around 1250 CE. These groups developed their own ethnic and cultural identity known as the Maori.
When did New Zealand become a colony?
New Zealand was originally claimed by the British as a colony of Australia, but then became its own colony in the mid-19th century. Around the same time, representatives of Britain as well as Maori leaders signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty granted British colonists sovereignty over the governing of New Zealand but gave the Maori the rights to their tribal lands and resources and made them British subjects.
Why did European powers claim Australia and Oceania's lands as their own?
European powers claimed Australia and Oceania’s lands as their own because they considered them terra nullius, or a “no man’s land” inhabited by heathen natives. Colonizers implemented their own systems of governance, land management, and trade. These efforts had severe consequence s that continue to affect indigenous groups and their cultural systems today.
How does tourism affect Australia?
It can lead to overcrowding and depletion of isolated islands’ scarce resources. Tourism often focuses on fishing and other recreational water sports.
What is the name of the Pacific Ocean?
The name “Oceania” justly establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the region. Oceania is dominated by the nation of Australia. The other two major landmasses are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the western half of the island of New Guinea, made up of the nation ...
What were the islands that the seafarers colonized?
By 1000 CE, these seafarers had colonize d the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. In the process, they established a unique, ocean-oriented culture that persists today. Indigenous cultures of Australia and Oceania also changed the environments in which they lived.
What are the conflicts between indigenous groups, the government, and corporations?
Conflicts over land use and resource rights continue to occur between indigenous groups, the government, and corporations. Cultural practices, especially in sports and the arts, aim to unite Australia and Oceania’s isolated peoples at a regional level.
What are some examples of cultural geography?
Indigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of Australia and Oceania. Polynesian culture, for example, developed as Southeast Asian sailors explored the South Pacific. This seafaring culture developed almost entirely from its geography.
Which countries were the most important colonial powers in the region?
England, France, Germany, and Spain became the most important colonial powers in the region. Today, many countries, especially Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia, have majority European populations and a strong European culture. English is the dominant language throughout most of the continent.
Why are Australia and Oceania unique?
After sea levels rose, species adapted to the environment of each island or community of islands, producing multiple species that evolved from a common ancestor. Due to its isolation from the rest of the world, Australia and Oceania has an incredibly high number of endemic species, or species that are found nowhere else on Earth.
What is the name of the continent that is dominated by Australia?
The name “Oceania” justly establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent. Oceania is dominated by the nation of Australia. The other two major landmasses of Oceania are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, ...
How do atolls form?
An atoll forms when a coral reef builds up around a volcanic island, then the volcanic island erode s away, leaving a lagoon. Atolls are defined as one island even though they are made up of multiple communities of coral. The island regions of Micronesia and Polynesia are dominated by low islands.
Why is Melanesia a high island?
The island region of Melanesia contains many high islands because it is a major part of the “ Ring of Fire ,” a string of volcano es around the boundary of the Pacific Ocean. This part of the Ring of Fire is on the boundary of the Pacific plate and the Australian plate.
Why are birds so common in Australia?
Birds are very common in Australia and Oceania because they are one of the few animals mobile enough to move from island to island. There are more than 110 endemic bird species in Australia and Oceania, including many seabirds. Many flightless birds, such as emus, kiwis, cassowaries, wekas, and takahes, are native to Australia, Papua New Guinea, and New Zealand. The Pacific Islands have more than 25 species of birds of paradise, which exhibit colorful plumage.
What are the three islands of Oceania?
Oceania also includes three island regions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (including the U.S. state of Hawaii). Oceania’s physical geography, environment and resource s, and human geography can be considered separately.
How are high islands created?
High Islands. High islands, also called volcanic islands, are created as volcanic eruptions build up land over time. These eruptions begin under water, when hot magma is cooled and hardened by the ocean. Over time, this activity creates islands with a steep central peak—hence the name “high island.”.
History of the Development of Settlements
Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia more than 40 000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. They were a hunting-gathering people known today as Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders. They depended on wood, bone and stone weapons to hunt.
Current Major Cities
Today, 82% of people live in urban areas (PRB). Many of these urban areas are along the eastern and southeastern coast, as the map shows, because the areas of central Australia are very arid. Less than 2.5% live in remote or very remote areas (U.S. Department of State).
Which country has a linear, clustered and scattered settlement pattern?
Again, Western Australia also has all characteristics of linear, clustered and scattered settlement pattern.
What percentage of Australia's population lives on the southern coast?
The southern coast is home to more than 75% of the population. This distincts the state as clustered compared to other areas of Australia.
What is the southwest site of Western Australia?
The southwest site of Western Australia is marked by linear and clustered settlement pattern. The cities are positioned and grouped together while some border the coast of the Indian Ocean.
What is Australia's mineral resource?
The country has limited fertile land, half-covered by dry deserts and plains but is with rich mineral resources. Australia is the leading producer of bauxite (aluminum ore); and also mines iron ore, copper, lead, uranium, industrial diamonds, gold, and silver. But the empty, wide land allows for ranches to operate and Australia to account for 70% of the world's wool exports.
What is the mining industry in NSW?
The mining industry of NSW also make up a considerable amount in it's economy; producing coal, silver, lead, and zinc.
Why is Australia more populated than the West?
As reviewed by the population density graph previously, the Pacific coast of Australia is more populated than the west, we can assume this is because the major export partners of Australia is east of the country.
Where are the most populated cities in Australia?
The sole reason of this pattern is becasue the majority of the most populated cities are located in the state New South Wales, including the capital of Australia, Canberra.
What is human settlement?
What is Human Settlement ? * The totality of the human community whether city/village with all the social, material, organizational, spirit and cultural elements that sustain it. * The fabric of Human settlements consists of physical elements and services to which the elements provide the material support. * It refers to cities, town, villages and other concentrations of human populations which inhabit a given segment/area of the environment. It associated with numerous and complex environmental...
What are the factors that affect physical activity in Australia?
Involvement in sports or physical activity mainly depends on two factors. The two factors are personal factors and socio cultural factors. Personal factors are those that factors that are unique to a particular person and directly affect that person's regular capacity to be involved in sport and physical activity. The socio...
What are some examples of the relationship between environment and humans?
For example, early humans considered the environment to be dominant. They were afraid of lightning and thunder, dense forests, wild animals, vast oceans and large rivers, to name a few.
How do economic activities affect the environment?
All economic activities affect the environment in some way whether it is done intentionally or unintentionally. These could be positive or negative effects. Most of the time, they are negative. Most activities usually end up harming ecosystems or just polluting the environment. Economic activities can range from mining all the way to farming. This essay will discuss different types of economic activities and how they effect the environment. The first effect on the environment is the over harvesting...
How do people in Oceania make their living?
Nearly all the peoples of Oceania live in clusters, whether hamlets, villages, or cities. The majority of the people make a living in agriculture, either by farming their own plots of land, by working for plantations, or by exporting agricultural products.
How many people live in Oceania?
In all the vast area of Oceania there are roughly 14 million people. About three fourths—nearly 10 million—are in New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Some 2 million more are divided between Hawaii and Fiji. The remainder are spread among numerous small islands. Oceania’s population includes people of many different indigenous groups, in addition to later arrivals. Various indigenous Pacific Islanders form the largest groups in most places, with New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Northern Marianas being notable exceptions.
Why are New Zealand and Melanesia called continental islands?
New Zealand and the larger islands of Melanesia are called continental islands because they are made partly of extremely old rock layers, like portions of the continents. Many have steep slopes because of battering from sea waves and erosion from heavy rainfall. Not even the heavy growth of forest that covers these steep slopes can keep all the soil in place. Parts of New Guinea’s interior have terrain so rugged that they are nearly empty of people.
How many islands are there in Oceania?
The geographic region Oceania includes roughly 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean, mainly in the western and central portions. Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. Yet the total land area of the islands is very small—only some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. The other islands cover merely 41,000 square miles (106,000 square kilometers)—about the extent of Portugal or a third of Ecuador. Most of the islands appear simply as isolated specks on a map of the ocean, and some are mere rocks. Some of the islands are crowded with people, but others are total wilderness. About 14 million people live in the region, nearly three quarters of them in New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.
What are the three major regions of Oceania?
Oceania is usually said to consist of three large geographic areas—Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. As with any generalization, however, this three-way division of Oceania is somewhat inaccurate: it was created by Europeans concerned with their own exploration, trade, missionary activities, and racial relations—and it ignored many cultural and historical details. Yet it helps to divide the region for quick reference, especially when considering differences in language and geography.
What are the islands of Polynesia?
Among the countries of Polynesia are New Zealand, Tuvalu, Tonga, and Samoa. Also included are France’s overseas territory Wallis and Futuna and overseas country French Polynesia, which incorporates the Tuamotu, Gambier, Society, Austral, Leeward, and Marquesas islands. The New Zealand dependencies of Tokelau, the Cook Islands, and Niue; the United States dependencies of American Samoa, Jarvis, Palmyra, and Kingman Reef, among others; and the British-controlled Pitcairn Island are also part of Polynesia. Chile administers Easter Island, and Hawaii is a U.S. state.
When did the first people settle in New Guinea?
New Guinea and neighboring parts of Melanesia were probably first settled by Southeast Asians from 50,000 to 30,000 years ago , at roughly the same time as Australia. Bamboo rafts or other simple watercraft were probably used to make short ocean voyages during that period of discovery. Thriving on their abilities as gatherers (foragers), hunters, and fishers, these colonists and their descendants gradually multiplied, particularly as they invented more advanced watercraft. By 9,000 years ago, small-scale farming had spread throughout the Solomon Islands. Between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago, large parts of Micronesia and Polynesia were settled, and by ad 1200 nearly the entire region had been navigated. Watercraft included paddle-driven rafts and dugouts, double canoes, and large outrigger canoes powered by triangular sails. Most of these early Polynesians and Micronesians were highly skilled sailors able to navigate for thousands of miles by reading the stars, sun, ocean swells, and winds.