What was the first permanent settlement in Montana?
In 1850 Major John Owen arrived in the valley and set up camp north of St. Mary's. In time, Major Owen established a trading post and military strong point named Fort Owen, which served the Native people, settlers, and missionaries in the valley. The first permanent settlement in Montana was Fort Benton, established as a fur trading post in 1847.
When did Montana become the first state in the US?
The Montana State Genealogical Society issues First Families of Montana certificates to descendants of the very first residents who arrived before statehood on 8 November 1889. The Montana State Genealogical Society issues Early Settlers of Montana certificates to descendants who arrived between 9 November 1889 and 31 December 1929.
What county is white settlement in?
White Settlement is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and a northwestern suburb of Fort Worth.
What is the history of coal mining in Montana?
Major coal deposits were located near the southeastern Montana settlements of Birney and Decker, and mining soon replaced cattle ranching in the immediate area.
How did the Homestead Act of 1862 affect the settlement of Montana?
The revised Homestead Act of the early 1900s greatly affected the settlement of Montana. This act expanded the land that was provided by the Homestead Act of 1862 from 160 acres to 320 (65 to 129 ha). When the latter act was signed by President William Taft, it also reduced the time necessary to prove up from five years to three years and permitted five months absence from the claim each year.
What tribes lived in Montana?
Several major tribal groups made their home in and around the land that later became Montana. The Scout in Winter, Crow, 1908 by Edward S. Curtis. The Crow, a Siouan -language people, also known as the Apsáalooke, were the first of the native nations currently living in Montana to arrive in the region.
What is the name of the tribe of the Flathead?
The Kootenai name is also spelled Kutenai or Ktunaxa / ˈkuːtəneɪ /. They are one of three tribes of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation in Montana, and they form the Ktunaxa Nation in British Columbia, Canada. There are also Kootenai populations in Idaho and Washington.
Why were timber resources important to Montana?
Timber resources were critical to both mines and railroads. Western Montana had ample timber but not always along the most natural railroad routes, and timber near mines was quickly depleted. Thus huge swaths of timber resources were made available to private railroad and mining interests, usually in a checkerboard pattern of ownership interspersed with sections of publicly held land. The communities of Libby, Kalispell and Missoula rose in part due to the demand for timber and their location along strategic waterways.
How many colleges are there in Montana?
It put Montana's 14 campuses in five categories: two state university systems ( University of Montana and Montana State University ), a community college system emphasizing technology, tribal colleges, and independent colleges not controlled by the state.
Where was the first human burial site in North America?
The oldest dated human burial site in North America was located in 1968 near Wilsall, Montana at what is now known as the Anzick site (named for the discoverers).
Where is the Crow Indian Reservation?
In the 19th century, Crow warriors were allies and scouts for the United States Army The modern Crow Indian Reservation is Montana's largest reservation, located in southeastern Montana along the Big Horn River, in the vicinity of Hardin, Montana .
What was the first permanent settlement in Montana?
Roman Catholic missionaries followed the trappers into Montana. They established Saint Mary's Mission in the Bitterroot Valley, thought to be the first permanent settlement in Montana. They also promoted agriculture and built a sawmill. The discovery of gold brought many prospectors into the area in the 1860s, and Montana became a territory in 1864.
When did Montana become a territory?
The discovery of gold brought many prospectors into the area in the 1860s, and Montana became a territory in 1864 . The rapid influx of people led to boomtowns that grew rapidly and declined just as quickly when the gold ran out.
What tribes were in Montana?
Tribes include the Crows in the south central region, the Cheyenne in the southeastern part of the state, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central areas, and the Kootenai and Salish in the western sector.
What was the homestead act?
Passage of the Enlarged Homestead Act in 1909 brought tens of thousands of homestead farmers into the state looking for inexpensive land. Wheat farming was popular until an extended drought, and a drop in market prices after World War I, ruined many farmers. The homestead "bust" forced many farmers to abandon Montana.
What was the homestead bust in Montana?
The homestead "bust" forced many farmers to abandon Montana. Montana's post-World War I depression extended through the 1920s and right into the Great Depression of the 1930s. Then President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" brought relief to the state in the form of various projects and agencies: the building of Fort Peck Dam;
How did World War II affect Montana?
As across the nation, World War II broke the hold of the Great Depression on Montana. The war brought additional federal monies to the state, but drew young people into the service and into wartime industries on the West Coast. The resultant wartime dislocation changed Montana forever.
Why did the fur trade end in the 1840s?
The fur trade was mostly over by the 1840s due to dwindling supplies of beaver and the loss of popularity of the beaver hat. Roman Catholic missionaries followed the trappers into Montana.
When did Montana get settled?
In the spring and summer of 1864, a heavy tide of emigration coming from the east and the west, settled in Montana, attracted to the territory by the almost fabulous accounts of the discovery of gold and silver. Many persons who were disappointed in their efforts to secure gold, and others who were naturally disposed to other pursuits, found their way into the agricultural valleys of the territory, that had previously received little attention on account of the intense excitement of the mining prospects.
Who settled in Gallatin Valley?
Alderson, an early Gallatin Valley pioneer, and corroborated by other pioneers, it was in the fall of 1863, and the spring of 1864 that the first settlements were made in Gallatin Valley by a few mountaineers. Joe Wilson, Al Nichols, J. Gallaher, Lotzenheiser brothers, Dunbar brothers and others settled near the three forks of the Missouri River, where they started Gallatin City, and W. J. Beall, D. E. Rouse, Jacob Gum, W. O. P. Hays, George D. Thomas, M. W. Penwell, Oscar E. Penwell, W. H. Babcock, F. A. Meridith and others located on the East Gallatin River.
When was the first house built in Gallatin Valley?
The first house built in Gallatin Valley was that of Frank Dunbar in 1863, at Gallatin City, near the present town of Three Forks. Mr. Dunbar used this residence later as a hotel, and some of the early day meetings of county officers were held there when Gallatin City was the county seat of Gallatin County.
What is the history of the first inhabitants of Montana?
First Early Inhabitants of Montana. Early history examines the archaeological record that tells the story of the first inhabitants of Montana. Learn about the prehistory and culture of the first early inhabitants, and what lessons it might teach us about the early history of Montana.
Where did the first people live in Montana?
Although some tribal people believe their ancestors have lived in the northern Rocky Mountain region since the world began, archaeologists believe the first inhabitants crossed the Bering Strait from Asia around 12,000 years ago. There is evidence of a thriving culture living west of the Rocky Mountains as early as 9,000 years ago.
What were the names of the Montana tribes?
The names of the Montana tribes included the Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Atsina, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Crow, Dakota, Hidatsa, Kalispel, Kiowa (see above picture), Kutenai, Mandan, Nez Perce, Piegan, Salish (Flathead), Tunahe and the Spokane.
What tribes lived in Montana?
Before the white settlers arrived, two groups of Indian tribes lived in the region that is now Montana. The Arapaho, Assiniboine, Atsina, Blackfeet, Cheyenne, and Crow tribes lived on the plains.
What year did the prehistoric people migrate to Montana?
8,000-6,500 B.C. - Prehistoric people develop communal hunting techniques in Montana. 6,500 BC-1,500 AD - Prehistoric people populate all areas of Montana.
What happened in Wyoming in the 2,000,000 BC?
The surface collapsed thousands of feet into a magma pool and marked the area later known as Yellowstone.
Where did the Cretaceous Lance Formation occur?
80Mil BC - Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation in Montana, Wyoming and S. Dakota has fossils of Pachycephalosaurus (thick-headed lizards). They stood on two feet and were herbivorous. They had a dome-like development on the skull made of solid bone, most likely used in combat as a battering ram.
When did the first family of Montana arrive?
The Montana State Genealogical Society issues First Families of Montana certificates to descendants of the very first residents who arrived before statehood on 8 November 1889.
When did Montana become a state?
The Montana State Genealogical Society issues First Families of Montana certificates to descendants of the very first residents who arrived before statehood on 8 November 1889.
When will the first family of Montana be available for shipment?
MSGS is currently taking pre-orders for this Volume and it should be available for shipment in November 2021.
What is a family descendant certificate?
Family descendant certificates will also be issued to those who provide satisfactory proof that a sister or brother of a direct descendant meets the qualifications of either a First Family or Early Settler of Montana.
How many men were killed in the Montana Vigilantes?
It persisted even after federal courts were established in Montana. “Over a six-year period they killed a total of fifty men, many of whom were not guilty of capital crimes, some of whom were not guilty of crimes at all,” according to writer Frederick Allen’s authoritative history, A Decent, Orderly Lynching: The Montana Vigilantes.
What is Montana's need to stop vigilantism?
Montanans need to remove official references to the vigilantes from government institutions and discourage their use as a commercial trademark or community icon. We need to re-brand the Vigilante Day Parade and completely eliminate racist and sexist floats. We need to tell the vigilante story accurately and reframe it as a tragic and complicated episode in the much larger and complex story of our state. Finally, we need to create space for the many other true stories that have gone untold for far too long.
What is Montana's vigilante justice?
This spectacle must seem odd to outsiders, but in Montana, many children are taught to honor our founding myth of vigilante justice. In public schools, students learn about a group of courageous community leaders who hanged a handful of known criminals in the mining boomtowns of Bannack and Virginia City, making the territory safe for settlement.
Who wrote the history of the white settlement?
The History of “White Settlement,” Texas | by William Spivey | The Polis | Medium
What happened after the White Settlement?
Even after White Settlement was founded, most of the original inhabitants were forced away. Blood and tears are the legacy of Manifest Destiny and the Monroe Doctrine. But today, concern for the church shooting is enough to consider.
Why did the White Settlement name change?
In 2005, concerns that White Settlement was losing business opportunities because of its name prompted a vote to consider changing it. A name change was overwhelmingly rejected in a vote totaling 2388 against and 219 for. The oldest street in town is White Settlement Road. The Naval Air Station -Fort Worth occupies some of the land. Local schools are overseen by the White Settlement Independent School District.
When did the town of White Settlement change its name?
On October 14, 2005, city leaders, citing hurdles in attracting businesses, announced a plan to have local voters decide on a possible name change for the town from White Settlement to West Settlement. In the November 8 election, the name change was overwhelmingly rejected by a vote of 2,388 to 219.
What is the oldest street in White Settlement?
The oldest street in White Settlement is White Settlement Road. This original trail led from the fort to the "white settlement" about eight miles west into Native American territory. As the Native Americans were forced from the area and the settlement moved westward, the road followed.
Why is Fort Worth called White?
The city got its name because it was the lone settlement of White settlers amid several Native American villages in the Fort Worth area in the Texas Republic territory in the 1840s. The area was called "White" because it was a settlement of White homesteaders, as opposed to other settlements in the vicinity that were composed ...
Who killed the church in White Settlement?
This was the only public road in White Settlement's early history. Two members of the city's West Freeway Church of Christ were killed by a gunman on December 29, 2019, during a morning service. The shooter was in turn killed by a church member, Jack Wilson, who shot him in the head.
Is White Settlement a Mormon church?
White Settlement is also the winter home of several groups of Irish Travellers. The majority of White Settlement residents identify as Protestant Christians, however there is also a Mormon church as well as a Buddhist temple within the city limits. The Texas Civil War Museum is located in White Settlement.
Overview
Military history
The first permanent settlement in Montana was Fort Benton, established as a fur trading post in 1847. It was named in honor of Senator Thomas Hart Benton, who encouraged settlement of the West. The U.S. Army took over the commercial fort in 1869 and a detachment of the 7th Infantry remained in the town until 1881. Its location on the Missouri River marked the farthest practical point upriver that steamboats could navigate. With the arrival of the first steamboats in 1860, th…
Indigenous peoples
Archeological evidence has shown indigenous peoples lived in the area for more than 12,000 years. The oldest dated human burial site in North America was located in 1968 near Wilsall, Montana at what is now known as the Anzick site (named for the discoverers). The human remains of a male infant, found at the Anzick site along with Clovis culture artifacts, establish the earliest known hum…
Louisiana Purchase
On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by representatives of the U.S. at Paris, France. The United States Senate ratified the treaty on October 20 and President Thomas Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4, 1803. The area covered by the purchase included much of the present-day United States between the Continental Divide and the …
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Louisiana Purchase sparked interest in knowing the character of the lands the nation had purchased, including their flora and fauna and the peoples who inhabited them. President Thomas Jefferson, an advocate of exploration and scientific inquiry, had the Congress appropriate $2,500 for an expedition up the Missouri River and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. He had envisioned an expedition of this nature since at least the early 1790s, due to his driving interest t…
First settlements
St. Mary's Mission was the first permanent European settlement in Montana. Through interactions with Iroquois between 1812 and 1820, the Salish people learned about Christianity and the Jesuit missionaries (known as "blackrobes"), who worked with Native tribes teaching about agriculture, medicine, and religion. Interest in these "blackrobes" grew among the Salish. In 1831, four young Salish men were dispatched to St. Louis, Missouri to request a "blackrobe" to return with them t…
Montana Territory
After the discovery of gold in the region, Montana was designated as a United States territory (Montana Territory) on May 26, 1864 and, with rapid population growth, as the 41st state on November 8, 1889.
Montana territory was organized from the existing Idaho Territory by Act of Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 28, 1864. T…
Indian Wars
The Battle of the Little Bighorn—also called Custer's Last Stand and the Battle of the Greasy Grass—was an armed engagement between a Lakota (Sioux)-Northern Cheyenne-Arapaho combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. It occurred June 25–June 26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in eastern Montana Territory near present-day Hardin, Montana, on land that toda…