Consolidation settlement is a time dependent settlement that occurs in clay and organic soil. The total settlement is computed using the below equation. Here, the term S T is total settlement, S e is initial settlement, S c is primary consolidationsettlement and S s is secondary consolidation settlement.
What is consolidation and settlement when referring to soil?
Rather, the settlement is an outcome of consolidation of clays. Consolidation is natural process involving the compression of the soil mass by expulsion of water and this compression is nothing but settlement.
Should you do debt consolidation, bankruptcy or settlement?
If you’ve exhausted all other options trying to pay off your debts, your last resort may be to either settle your debt or file for bankruptcy. These options should only be considered if you’ve tried everything else and cannot pay down or eliminate your debt.
Does debt consolidation really do anything?
Does Debt Consolidation Really Work? Yes! Like most things in life, the amount of effort you’re willing to put into debt consolidation will greatly impact the final results. If you choose to consolidate on your own through a loan or a credit card balance transfer, your chances of success are greater if you stick to a well-mapped repayment plan.
Is debt consolidation a bad thing?
Debt consolidation services can be a really good option to help you take control of your debt. These companies provide a valuable service to the person who has found themselves in a debt situation they can no longer control. If you have escalating debt because of late payment and over limit fees, a debt counselor can help stop this from happening.
What is consolidation settlement?
When soil is loaded undrained, the pore pressures increase. Then, under site conditions, the excess pore pressures dissipate and water leaves the soil, resulting in consolidation settlement. This process takes time, and the rate of settlement decreases over time.
Is consolidation same as settlement?
At a very basic level, debt settlement is useful for reducing the total amount of debt owed, while debt consolidation is useful for reducing the total number of creditors you owe.
Why is consolidation settlement important?
Consolidation plays an important role in stability analysis for the embankment, footings or a column constructed on clayey soils. The settlement behaviour of these structures and the pore pressure needs to be investigated for construction on these soils.
What are the types of consolidation settlement?
Ultimate Consolidation Settlement of Soil: Two types of settlements, viz., immediate settlement and time-dependent settlement. The time dependent settlement may be divided into settlement due to consolidation and settlement due to secondary compression or creep.
How do you stop a consolidation settlement?
Note: the consolidation settlement can be reduced by conducting any of the following: 1. Increase the length of piles (when the length of piles are increased, “H” value in the preceding equation would reduce. “H” is the thickness of the compressible portion of the clay layer).
How is consolidation settlement calculated?
The primary consolidation settlement can be calculated from the coefficient of volume compressibility mv, which can further lead to the Young's modulus E′ = (1 + v′)(1 − 2v′)/[mv(1 − v′)], with an assumed Poisson's ratio v′.
What is consolidation definition?
Definition of consolidation 1 : the act or process of consolidating : the state of being consolidated. 2 : the process of uniting : the quality or state of being united specifically : the unification of two or more corporations by dissolution of existing ones and creation of a single new corporation.
What is the process of consolidation?
Consolidation processes consist of the assembly of smaller objects into a single product in order to achieve a desired geometry, structure, or property. These processes rely on the application of mechanical, chemical, or thermal energy to effect consolidation and achieve bonding between objects.
What is the aim of consolidation?
To consolidate (consolidation) is to combine assets, liabilities, and other financial items of two or more entities into one. In the context of financial accounting, the term consolidate often refers to the consolidation of financial statements wherein all subsidiaries report under the umbrella of a parent company.
What is consolidation and its types?
The consolidation of soil is divided into three stages including initial consolidation, primary consolidation, and secondary consolidation. The consolidation of soil is time-dependent and its analysis is usually based on Terzaghi's theory.
What is normal consolidation?
A soil that is currently experiencing its highest stress is said to be "normally consolidated" and has an OCR of one. A soil could be considered "underconsolidated" or "unconsolidated" immediately after a new load is applied but before the excess pore water pressure has dissipated.
What is the difference between consolidation and compaction?
Compaction is the compression of soil by the expulsion of air from the voids of the soil. Consolidation is the compression of soil by the expulsion of water from voids of the soil.
Is debt consolidation the same as debt settlement?
Debt consolidation is a way to combine one or more debts and pay them off with a single monthly payment, ideally with more favorable terms. A debt settlement, on the other hand, is a way to renegotiate the terms of what you owe so a creditor is willing to accept less than what is owed.
Is debt relief the same as debt settlement?
Debt settlement companies, also sometimes called "debt relief" or "debt adjusting" companies, often claim they can negotiate with your creditors to reduce the amount you owe. Consider all of your options, including working with a nonprofit credit counselor, and.
What's a consolidation loan?
A Direct Consolidation Loan allows you to consolidate (combine) multiple federal education loans into one loan. The result is a single monthly payment instead of multiple payments. Loan consolidation can also give you access to additional loan repayment plans and forgiveness programs.
What is a disadvantage of debt consolidation?
One of the biggest disadvantages of debt consolidation is that it is not accessible to everyone. If you have poor credit, you will probably not get approved for the loan. Even if you do, you might not be getting the best interest rate if your credit score is below 700.
Fig. 9.7 Void ratio to effective pressure curves
curve, primary compression being made up of (i) a reversible part and (ii) an irreversible part. Once the consolidation pressure is extended beyond the original consolidation pressure value (the preconsolidation pressure ), the e p curve follows the trend of the original compression curve.
Typical values of mv are given in Table 9.3
In the laboratory consolidation test the compression of the sample is one-dimensional as there is lateral confinement, the initial excess pore water pressure induced in a saturated clay on loading being equal to the magnitude
What is the consolidation settlement?
For fine-grained soils, the consolidation settlement often is the major component of the total settlement. As noted previously, consolidation settlement is the time-dependent volume change that occurs as the excess pore water pressure, developed during load application, gradually dissipates and is transferred to the soil skeleton. The consolidation settlement is given by
What is secondary settlement?
Secondary settlement continues after consolidation settlement is complete, as the soil structure gradually readjusts to the new level of effective stress. This process continues indefinitely. The prediction of secondary settlement is of considerable importance with clays of high plasticity and with micaceous and organic soils, but it typically is of minor concern with coarse-grained soils and overconsolidated, low plasticity, inorganic clays. Secondary settlement often is computed from the relation
What was the pressure of the airtight sheet during the consolidation settlement?
Vacuum pressure measured under the airtight sheet was maintained constantly at about 80 kPa along to the consolidation settlement between October 2008 and December 2009. The water discharge at the beginning of vacuum pumping was about 400 m 3 /day and gradually decreased during consolidation settlement to about 200 m 3 /day.
What are the phases of settlement?
As stated above, when a load is applied to the foundation, three distinct phases of settlement occur: immediate or elastic (ρ e ), consolidation (ρ c ), and secondary settlement (ρ s ):
How to determine the settlement of a foundation?
The elastic settlement of a foundation is determined by assuming that the soil behaves as an elastic material. The basic approach employed is to use the traditional Boussinesq solution for stress changes in an isotropic, elastic medium subjected to a point load applied normal to the surface of a half-space (the ground is a half-space because it does not exist above the ground surface). The elastic settlement of the foundation is given by
What is the estimated average degree of consolidation in 2024?
The estimated average degree of consolidation in 2024, according to non-Darcian flow, becomes 84%, corresponding to a settlement of 2.1 m.
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What type of settlement occurs when the increase in vertical effective stress causes the individual particles of the soil to rearrange into?
” The type of settlement in which the increase in vertical effective stress causes the individual particles of the soil to rearrange into a tighter packing, is known as consolidation settlement.”
What causes a decrease in the volume of voids in soil?
This process causes a decrease in volume of voids. If the soil is 100% saturated then the reduction in volume of voids can occur only if some of the water squeezed out of the soil.
What is debt consolidation?
Debt consolidation is a form of debt relief that combines multiple debts into one new consolidated debt. Instead of owing money to multiple creditors and having multiple monthly payments, debt consolidation lets you reorganize those debts into a single combined total. A couple of the most common ways to consolidate debt include 0% balance transfer credit cards and debt consolidation loans, or personal loans, from a bank or credit union.
What is debt settlement?
Debt settlement is an option that you can manage on your own if you are comfortable talking with your creditors and asking to make a deal on your debts.
How to get a better deal on debt settlement?
Instead of hiring a debt settlement company, you’ll often get a better deal for your overall financial situation by working with a consumer credit counseling agency. Instead of going delinquent on your debts and potentially taking a hit on your credit score, consumer credit counseling can help you stay current on your bills and pay off debt without the potential risks and longer-term consequences of debt settlement.
What is credit counseling?
Some credit counseling organizations will help you create and implement a debt management plan for your debts. With this type of plan, you still pay the total amount of principal you owed. You make a single payment to the organization each month and the organization makes a payment to your creditors.
How long does it take to settle a debt?
And keep in mind that the debt settlement process can take two to four years, depending on the overall amount of your debt and the complexity of your situation.
Is debt settlement the same as debt consolidation?
Debt settlement is another form of debt relief that is sometimes compared to debt consolidation, but it’s quite different. Unlike debt consolidation, where you ultimately pay off the entire balance of your debts, debt settlement is a form of debt forgiveness in which your creditors agree to let you pay a lesser amount of what you owe.
Is debt settlement a last resort?
Debt settlement can be risky and is generally considered an option of last resort. If you’ve exhausted all other options, then debt settlement may seem like the right path. Even then, many experts advise exploring other options.
What is the difference between debt settlement and debt consolidation?
Debt settlement is helpful in cutting your total debt owed, while debt consolidation is useful for cutting the total number of creditors that you owe. With debt consolidation, multiple loans are all rolled into a new consolidation loan that has one monthly interest rate.
What is consolidation loan?
This is a single loan that rolls all of your prior debts into one monthly payment at one interest rate. Consolidation loans are offered through financial institutions —including banks, credit unions, and online lenders—and all of your debt payments are made to the new lender going forward.
What Is Debt Settlement?
While debt consolidation allows you to combine multiple debts into a single loan, debt settlement utilizes a very different strategy, When you settle debt, you’re effectively asking one or more of your creditors to accept less than what’s owed on your account. If you and your creditor (s) reach an agreement, then you would pay the settlement amount in a lump sum or a series of installments.
Why is debt settlement important?
Debt settlement is helpful in cutting your total debt owed, while debt consolida tion is useful for cutting the total number of creditors that you owe.
What is the advantage of debt settlement?
The advantage of debt settlement is that you can eliminate debts without having to pay the balance in full. This may be an attractive alternative to bankruptcy if you’re considering a Chapter 7 filing as a last resort when in dire financial straits.
What is secured debt consolidation?
Secured debt consolidation loans require you to use one or more assets as collateral, such as your home, car, retirement account, or insurance policy. For example, if you take out a home equity loan to consolidate debt, then your home would secure the loan.
How to get a settlement if you are behind on a debt?
If you’re behind on one or more debts, then you would begin by reaching out to your creditor to ask if they’re open to negotiating a settlement. You can do this over the phone, but if you prefer to have a paper trail, then you can send a written request.
What is the difference between creep and immediate settlement?
Since soil particles are practically incompressible, consolidation settlements is caused by a reduction in voids due to gradual squeezing out of water. Finally, creep settlement occurs under a constant load and is depended on the stress history, the type of soil and the anisotropy of the soil.
How long does creep settlement last?
The settlement process may be completed almost immediately or may last for a significant amount of time (even decades) depending on the soil’s permeability and water drainage paths.
What does "consolidation" mean?
1. Meaning of Consolidation: ADVERTISEMENTS: Consolidation is the gradual reduction in the volume of a partly or fully saturated soil under sustained loading and is mainly due to the expulsion of water from the soil pores. When a static load is applied to a saturated (or nearly saturated) clay.
What is the process of soil consolidation?
The consolidation (as compression) of soil usually occurs in three stages: 1. Initial consolidation — It is a comparatively a sudden reduction in soil volume on application of the load mainly due to expulsion and compression of air present in soil pores. 2.
What is primary consolidation?
2. Primary consolidation — It is the main phase of compression due to expulsion of pore water and dissipation of excess pore pressure. It is a time settlement phenomenon.
How to do a consolidation test?
By applying a series of load increments to the soil sample and recording settlements at selected time intervals, the consolidation test proceeds. Observations of compression versus time for each load interval are taken and the data are plotted on either a semi-logarithmic plot or square root of time. The purpose of these plots is to obtain the values of t 50 (time at 50 per cent consolidation) and t 90 respectively.
What is a consolidated clay deposit?
If the present effective overburden pressure in the deposit is the maximum pressure to which the deposit has ever been consolidated at any time in the past , such a deposit is called a normally consolidated clay deposit. There is no reliable procedure available to predict the in situ effective stress-void ratio relationship.
What is the process of expulsion of water from soil?
This process of expulsion of water from soil due to excess pore pressure with gradual reduction in soil volume accompanied by transfer of pressure from water to soil particles is called the ‘process of consolidation’ .
When a static load is applied to a saturated (or nearly saturated) clay.?
When a static load is applied to a saturated (or nearly saturated) clay. It is first carried by the pore water because the structure must compress to take the load. There is a sudden increase in the pore water pressure, called the ‘excess pore pressure’ and its initial value v 0 is equal to the total, applied external pressure.
Consolidation
- When the construction of the foundation is done(application of additional load), pore water pressure in the saturated clay increases as the hydraulic conductivity of the clay is very small. Some time is required for excess pore water pressed to dissipate and increase the stress to be t…
Primary Consolidation
- The definition of primary consolidation is discussed above under the terminology. Let’s the method of primary Consolidation settlement calculation There are two different stages of soil. 1. Normally Consolidated Soil 2. Over Consolidated Soil It is required to assess the consolidation of soil is done based on the above states. In simple terms, the normally consolidated soil is experie…
Secondary Consolidation
- Secondary consolidation settlement occurs after the completion of dissipation of the excess pore water pressure developed immediately after the application of load. The settlement caused due to the plastic adjustment of the soil fabrics at the end of the primary consolidation is called secondary consolidation. Secondary Consolidation also can be explained as slippage and reorie…
Types of Tests to Find Consolidation Settlement
- One dimensional consolidation test
- Oedometer Test
- Incremental Loading Oedometer