Ecological Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organism…Ecology
What is resettlement and how does it work?
Resettlement, involves the selection and transfer of refugees from a State in which they have sought protection to a third State which has agreed to admit them – as refugees – with permanent residence status.
What is refugee resettlement?
Refugee resettlement is the transfer of refugees from the country where they have sought protection to another country that has agreed to admit them, as refugees, with permanent residence status. UNHCR is mandated to undertake resettlement as one of the three durable solutions.
What is human settlement theory in geography?
Human settlement theory incorporates the current issues explored in urban planning such as the organisation of land uses and movement within an urban area but also examines ideas such as the optimal size of settlements so that people are connected to their food systems and through this, to the natural environment.
What is UNR UNHCR’s policy on resettlement?
UNHCR is mandated to undertake resettlement as one of the three durable solutions. Resettlement is unique as it is the only durable solution involving transfer of refugees to a third country.
What are cause of resettlement?
The main causes of such forced resettlement are large-scale infrastructure projects, environmental disasters, and political, ethnic, or religious conflict. The bulk of these resettlements occur within less developed countries.
What is resettlement in geography?
Resettlement is a governmental program with inherent spatial effects in that it drives the rearrangement of capital, labour, and land, and seeks to render people and space more governable.
What is displacement and resettlement?
Development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) occurs when people are forced to leave their homes in a development-driven form of forced migration.
What are the impacts of climate change on human resettlement?
The most widespread direct risk to human settlements from climate change is flooding and landslides. Projected increases in rainfall intensity and, in coastal areas, sea-level rise will be the culprits. Cities on rivers and coasts are particularly at risk. Figure 1 shows the projected impact on low-lying areas.
What is displacement and resettlement?
Displacement and resettlement is a complex process that relates to compensation, resettlement, livelihood restoration, and natural resource access (NRA) change. This process associated with dam construction becomes more complex because most of the affected households (HHs) are ethnic groups. This research has reviewed, evaluated, and analyzed the impacts and relationships among resettlement policy, NRA, and livelihoods of affected HHs. Resettlement policy and scheme includes three components: compensation, displacement and resettlement, and livelihood support after resettlement. However, most of the schemes only focused on infrastructure development in the resettlement area (RA) and compensation for a house for an affected HH. The implementing process is delayed and formal. NRA includes quality and quantity of natural resource and right and time that people are allowed to use it. Whereas quantity and quality of natural resource have been reduced a lot after resettlement. Beside that, there is no model of alternative livelihood that was successfully applied. People had to change their livelihood and adapt themselves to the new condition while their skills and education level were low. This leads to a sharp decrease in income and food security; unemployment increased; and social evil related to the young increased. To have stability and enhance the living quality of the affected HH, a resettlement program needs to ensure NRA by affected people, especially the quantity and quality of the natural resource has to be equal or better than before resettlement. Livelihood support should be provided for a long time and alternative livelihood models need to be brought to the commune of RA before people have to move to a new place and have to be based on the people’s knowledge and customs.
When was the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation adopted?
In February 2004, the Ministry of Rural Development adopted a National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation. It was stated in the preamble that there is a need to minimize large-scale displacement and to handle the issues related to resettlement and rehabilitation with utmost care. The intention of the policy is “to impart greater flexibility for interaction and negotiation so that the resultant package gains all round acceptability in the shape of a workable instrument providing satisfaction to all stakeholders/requiring bodies”.
What is the IDB approach to social and environmental issues?
The Inter-American Development Bank's (IDB) approach to environmental and social matters is based on the adoption of sustainability and safeguards policies that specifically provide compliance standards and implementation guidelines to apply to all Bank-financed operations. The IDB has separate policies specifically addressing environmental and social issues ( Table 4 ). With respect to the former, the IDB adopted in 2006 its Environment and Safeguards Compliance Policy ( IDB, 2006a) completed in 2007 with the related Implementation Guidelines ( IDB, 2007 ). The new Policy, currently in force, strengthens the Bank's commitment to environmental sustainability in the region. With respect to the social dimension of development projects, the IDB has also defined its own social safeguards consisting of three policies, namely: the Operational Policy on Indigenous People ( IDB, 2006b), the Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IDB, 1998 ), and the Operational Policy on Gender Equality in Development ( IDB, 2010 ). The presence of several policies with a clear focus on either environmental or social matters would suggest a lack of integration between these aspects in contrast with the trend characterizing other multilateral financial institutions mentioned above. However, among the tools and publications provided on the IDB website for supporting and facilitating the implementation of both environmental and social policies, the document entitled Environmental Impact Assessment for Cement Plants ( IDB, 2011) repeatedly refer to ESIA, which is claimed as a valid alternative to EIA. This document, listed as a Technical Note, describes the Bank requirements for the content and disclosure of ESIAs with a focus on the particular issues related to cement plants. The adoption of the ESIA process first in the cement industry could be attributed the fact that this sector is considered to significantly impact on all the components of a territory and would thus particularly benefit from an integrated assessment approach for the evaluation of both environmental and social issues. Therefore, it could be intended as an advancement towards the mainstreaming of the ESIA into all Bank-financed initiatives in the near future. With reference to 2013, in fact, among the eight projects formally approved and financed by the IDB in the sectors of power and energy, infrastructure and agroindustry, the EIA process still prevails on ESIA (for details, see the repository at http://goo.gl/1n3Z5Y ).
What was the effect of the construction of embankments in the 1960s?
The construction of embankments in the 1960s under the coastal embankment project greatly reduced the volumes of water entering and leaving the project area during the tidal cycles. This resulted in gradual siltation of the drainage networks and drainage congestion. Waterlogging took away 20% of land from agricultural production and forced 78% of the households to migrate.
What is the communication process in environmental assessment?
There are a number of approaches that involve public consultation and information dissemination. A critical element of preparing for public consultation is associated with the selection of appropriate approaches. Available approaches may be categorized into three types: (1) disseminating information, (2) soliciting input, and (3) getting consensus on issues. The following approaches represent best practices for carrying out public consultation.
What is resettlement in the US?
Resettlement, involves the selection and transfer of refugees from a State in which they have sought protection to a third State which has agreed to admit them – as refugees – with permanent residence status . The status provided ensures protection against refoulement and provides a resettled refugee and his/her family or dependants with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals. Resettlement also carries with it the opportunity to eventually become a naturalised citizen of the resettlement country.
Why is resettlement important?
First, it is a tool to provide international protection and to meet the specific needs of individual refugees whose life, liberty, safety, health and other fundamental rights are at risk in the country where they have sought refuge. Second it is a durable solution for larger numbers or groups of refugees, alongside the other durable solutions of voluntary repatriation and local integration. Third, it can be a tangible expression of international solidarity and a responsibility sharing mechanism, allowing States to help share responsibility for refugee protection, and reduce the impact of hosting large numbers of refugees on countries of asylum.
What is a durable solution for refugees?
A durable solution for refugees is one that ends the cycle of displacement by resolving their plight so that they can lead normal lives. Seeking and providing durable solutions to the problems of refugees constitutes an essential element of international protection, and the search for durable solutions has been a central part of UNHCR’s mandate since its inception.
What is a refugee?
A refugee is defined in the 1951 Convention, as someone who has left his or her country and is unable or unwilling to return to it ‘ owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion’.
Your guide to resettlement and what it means to welcome refugees and immigrants from day one
In a recent announcement we shared that Hello Neighbor is now a federally approved refugee resettlement partner and will be resettling 250 refugees and immigrants across our region over the coming year.
The Refugee Crisis
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in 2020 alone there were 82.4 million forcibly displaced people in the world. That is more than twice the number of people who were forcibly displaced a decade ago.
What Is Resettlement?
Resettlement is the act of guiding and assisting refugees who have been forced to leave their homes due to war, persecution and violence as they seek protection and work to rebuild their lives in a new country.
Who Is Coming Here?
While we cannot know the exact number of refugees and immigrants who will be coming to our region and their countries of origin, over the next 12 months, Hello Neighbor hopes to resettle:
How Can I Help?
There are so many ways to support both our newly arriving refugee and immigrant neighbors and those who are already here, still working to rebuild their lives from the ground up.
What is refugee resettlement?
Refugee resettlement is the transfer of refugees from the country where they have sought protection to another country that has agreed to admit them, as refugees, with permanent residence status.
Why is resettlement important?
Resettlement is unique as it is the only durable solution involving transfer of refugees to a third country. Assessment of needs and phases of the resettlement process: Resettlement is an invaluable protection tool to meet specific needs of refugees in which life, liberty, safety, health or fundamental human rights are at heightened risk.
How does UNHCR identify refugees?
UNHCR’s identification processes are based on a range of available tools as well as detailed knowledge and understanding of the refugee population and of their specific needs and vulnerabilities. UNHCR’s national offices identify individual refugees for resettlement through a range of tools and methods including the registration database, networks of protection partners and community engagement and according to categories of vulnerability including, women and girls at risk, survivors of violence and/or torture, children at risk, and refugees with legal and physical protection needs or medical needs.#N#Ensuring fair and transparent access to the resettlement process is a UNHCR priority. UNHCR’s identification and referral mechanisms concentrate on proactively ensuring access to the resettlement process for those most in need and at risk. An objective, efficient and protection-based identification process is critical to decrease potential for the fraudulent use of the resettlement system, abuse and exploitation as well as perceptions of arbitrariness in resettlement decision making. The identification of refugees in need of resettlement is an integral part of UNHCR’s ongoing protection activities.
What is IOM in the resettlement process?
IOM organizes and supports the transportation and movement of accepted refugees to the resettlement country. This includes transit assistance and in-flight medical and operational escorts as needed.
Why is mapping important for resettlement?
The mapping of resettlement needs and priorities at the global level assists States to target their programmes. Discussions with States are an opportunity for UNHCR to talk over the specific needs that can be met by individual resettlement countries depending upon the nature of their programmes and available services.
What is a complementary pathway for admission?
Complementary Pathways for admission are safe and regulated avenues for refugees that complement resettlement.
Do resettlement states interview refugees?
While some resettlement States interview refugees before making the decision to admit them, often through selection missions in countries of first asylum, other states accept refugees for resettlement based on the written referral (dossier) submitted by UNHCR.
Why do we need to fix the population?
We need to choose and fix the population for three reasons. Firstly, we need a clearly defined community to manage the commons. Secondly, for One Planet Living we do not want to exceed the capacity of the land on which we are living. Thirdly, we want to design the supporting infrastructure so that there is an abundance of water, food, energy and living spaces of various forms. The over-supply of these basic needs should drive their price towards zero allowing us to offer these to each other for no monetary exchange, even though work will be necessary to provide them. Only when the price is zero do we all have equal access.
Who responded to Tim Hollo's article Towards Ecological Democracy?
Responding to Tim Hollo’s article Towards Ecological Democracy Steven Liaros suggests cities as a space in which we can achieve ecological democracy. But doing so will require significant changes to the way we live in urban settlements.
What is resettlement for refugees?
For refugees, resettlement can be a lifeline - it gives them a chance to find a stable new home, take back control over their own life and become self-reliant, and integrate into a society that recognises their rights.
Why is resettlement important?
Even long after their departure, many displaced people still cannot return to their country of origin as they continue to face grave dangers, such as violence or persecution. This may make return impossible.
How many refugees will the EU re-establish by 2022?
EUmember states must commit to significantly increased pledges for 2022, including resettling at least 36,000 refugees next year. Despite their slow progress, the IRC believes that it’s realistic and achievable for EU member states to resettle 250,000 refugees by 2025.
How many refugees will the EU welcome in 2020?
EU member states must urgently meet their pledge to welcome 30,000 refugees in 2020 by the end of 2021.They can achieve this by employing the innovative solutions developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, for instance by conducting resettlement interviews online rather than in-person, or pooling and coordinating resources to make flights or selection missions more cost-effective.
Where do refugees live?
live in neighbouring countries and low- and middle-income regions. Through resettlement, some of the most vulnerable refugees in these regions are transferred to safe countries elsewhere - such as EU states, Canada and the US - where they are granted a pathway to permanent residence.
Will the number of people in the US resettlement system be low in 2020?
Despite these sky-high resettlement needs, the number of people benefitting from essential resettlement schemes slumped to a record low in 2020. This was largely due to COVID-related travel restrictions, as well as four years of drastic cuts to resettlement and asylum by the US under the previous Trump administration.
Do refugees live in camps?
In the regions they have fled to - especially those that host large numbers of refugees - people and families are often forced to live in camps or substandard shelters for long periods of time. These states are demonstrating immense generosity, but they often do not have the wealth or resources to cater for people’s complex needs, guarantee successful integration, or provide a durable solution.
Indonesia's Transmigration Program
- Probably the largest single government-organized land settlement scheme has been the transmigration program in Indonesia, which resettled families from Java and Bali in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and West New Guinea(Papua). As shown in Table 1, the numbers over th…
Problems of Resettlement Schemes
- Land settlement programs have encountered a range of problems. These have included belated discovery that the settlement land could not support intensive agriculture; insufficient preparation of settlers for farming in a different environment; insufficient early support for settlers and consequent "desertion" of settlers from schemes; social tensions between settlers and the origin…
Internally Displaced Persons
- Persons fleeing persecution or threat of violence but who remain within their country (and thus cannot formally be recognized as refugees under the mandate of the United NationsHigh Commission for Refugees [UNHCR]) comprise another large category of displaced persons. Beginning in the late twentieth century, the UNHCR has identified internally displaced persons (I…
Bibliography
- Cernea, Michael M., and Christopher McDowell. 2000. Risks and Reconstruction: Experiences of Resettlers and Refugees. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Heming, Li, and Phillip Rees. 2000. "Population Displacement in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Yangtze River, Central China: Relocation Policies and Migrant Views." International Journal of Population Geography6: …
The Refugee Crisis
- According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in 2020 alone there were 82.4 million forcibly displaced peoplein the world. That is more than twice the number of people who were forcibly displaced a decade ago. With the ongoing pandemic, the current crisis in Afghanistan, and others, the number of international migrants has been on the rise.
What Is Resettlement?
- The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program is a complex web of agencies, organizations, volunteers, and others. The U.S. process for refugee vetting is one of the strictest in the world: it takes a minimum of 24 months for refugees to gain federal approval, but in reality can take much longer. It isn’t uncommon to hear about a refugee spending five year...
Who Is Coming Here?
- While we cannot know the exact number of refugees and immigrants who will be coming to our region and their countries of origin, over the next 12 months, Hello Neighbor hopes to resettle: 1. 100 refugees:Countries of origin will likely include Bhutan, Myanmar, Syria, Democratic Republic of the Congo amongst other countries 2. 50 SIVs:These Special Immigrant Visa holders are all …
How Can I Help?
- There are so many ways to support both our newly arriving refugee and immigrant neighbors and those who are already here, still working to rebuild their lives from the ground up.
Additional Resources