what is rural settlement in south africa

Rural settlements are generally unplanned and poorly serviced. A large proportion of the rural settlements are located in the former homeland areas of the Eastern Cape

, KwaZulu- Natal, Limpopo, and North West. What is an example of a rural area? A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and not very many people.

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What are some examples of South African rural settlements?

South African rural settlement in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Poor South African rural settlement on a hillside in Kwa-Zulu Natal Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Furniture store painted in pink, photographed in a rural village. Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Furniture store painted in pink An informal settlement in Durban, South Africa. Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.

What is a rural area in South Africa?

A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and not very many people. Agriculture is the primary industry in most rural areas. Most people live or work on farms or ranches. Hamlets, villages, towns, and other small settlements are in or surrounded by rural areas. What is the richest province in South Africa?

What is urban settlement in South Africa?

Urban settlement. Urban settlement in South Africa originated both as concentrations of population around the political centres of African chiefdoms and kingdoms and as towns established by European colonizers. For reasons of water availability and land-use patterns, Sotho-Tswana peoples of the interior generally lived in large settlements, ...

What is the definition of rural settlement?

Settlement includes the acquisition of land and shelter, but is not purely about solving the physical accommodation needs of the poor. The creation of viable rural human settlement is multidimensional: it is the creation of living environments through access to land, infrastructure and housing.

What is meant by rural settlement?

The settlement where the occupation of majority of people relate to the local natural resources are called rural settlement for example, (1) settlement of fisheries along a sea coast, (2) settlement of tribal people in the forest area and (3) settlement of farmers along the banks of rivers.

What are the four types of rural settlements?

Rural settlements in India can broadly be put into four types: • Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated, • Semi-clustered or fragmented, • Hamleted, and • Dispersed or isolated.

What are the settlement in the main rural settlement?

Four Types of Rural Settlement in India are (i) compact, settlements (ii) semi-compact settlements, (iii) hamleted and (iv) dispersed or scattered type settlements!

What is the main function of rural settlement?

Functions of Rural Settlement: The people living in the rural areas all over the world are engaged and dependent on various primary occupations, viz, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and mining. 1) Agriculture: Agriculture is the most important occupation.

What are the 3 types of rural settlements?

12.2: Rural Settlement PatternsCompact Rural Settlements.Linear Rural Settlements.Circular Rural Settlements.

What are the characteristics of rural settlement?

Size of the Community: The village communities are smaller in area than the urban communities. ... Density of Population: ... The primacy of Agriculture: ... Close Contact with Nature. ... Homogeneity of Population: ... Social Stratification: ... Social Interaction: ... Social Solidarity:

What is the most important feature of rural settlement?

Explanation: The people living in the rural areas, all over the world, are engaged and dependent on various primary occupations, viz., agriculture, dairying, cattle keeping, fisheries, forestry and mining. Out of these, agriculture is the most important occupation.

What are the 4 types of settlements?

The four main types of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed.

What types of settlements are there in South Africa?

The four broad settlement types found in South Africa are:formal urban areas.informal urban areas.commercial farms.tribal areas and rural informal settlements.

What are the factors affecting rural settlement?

Water Supply: Usually rural settlements are located near water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be easily obtained. Land: People choose to settle near fertile lands suitable for agriculture. Upland: Upland which is not prone to flooding was chosen to prevent damage to houses and loss of life.

What are the problems of rural settlement?

1 Poorly equipped with infrastructure 2 Inadequate water supply 3 General absence of toilets and Garbage disposal facilities. 4 The house made up of mud wood and thatch remains susceptible to damage during natural calamities. 5 Lack of proper ventilation 6 Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication network.

What are the 4 types of settlement?

The four main types of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed.

What are the 5 types of settlements?

There are 5 types of settlement classified according to their pattern, these are, isolated, dispersed, nucleated, and linear.

What are the 4 types of settlement patterns?

Rural settlement patterns refer to the shape of the settlement boundaries, which often involve an interaction with the surrounding landscape features. The most common patterns are linear, rectangular, circular or semi-circular, and triangular.

What are 2 main types of settlement?

Settlements can broadly be divided into two types – rural and urban.

Why did the Tswana people settle in South Africa?

For reasons of water availability and land-use patterns, Sotho-Tswana peoples of the interior generally lived in large settlements, the largest having tens of thousands of inhabitants, while coastal Nguni peoples lived in a more dispersed manner. The defeat of Black polities by whites and their allies, particularly during the 19th century, led to the abandonment or destruction of capitals such as Dithakong, a Tswana stronghold in what is now Northern Cape, and Ulundi, a major Zulu royal village in central Zululand (now northern KwaZulu-Natal). Those Black-established settlements that survived tended to be subordinated politically and economically to the colonial centres established alongside them, as at Mafikeng.

What happened in South Africa in the early 21st century?

In the early 21st century, South Africa saw an increase in the number of immigrants and refugees from other African countries fleeing political persecution or seeking greater economic prospects, especially from neighbouring Zimbabwe. Andries Nel Alan S. Mabin Christopher C. Lowe. Load Next Page.

What did South African cities show?

South African cities have shown a measure of racial segregation in residence since their colonial foundation. Settler-founded towns contained a majority of white inhabitants until the discovery of diamonds and gold in the late 19th century initiated the industrial revolution.

What was the population of Cape Town in 1865?

Until the 1860s all South African towns were small; the largest, Cape Town, had a population of fewer than 40,000 in 1865. Urbanization accelerated rapidly from the 1870s as railway building, mining, and economic expansion proceeded. Although the population of the Cape Town metropolitan area reached 130,000 by the turn of the 20th century, ...

What were the Dutch towns?

The Dutch established a few colonial towns in the south and southwest, including Stellenbosch, Tulbagh, Graaff-Reinet, and Swellendam. New towns such as Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown, Beaufort West, and Durban were created more rapidly with the advent of British rule at the start of the 19th century. The Great Trek of Dutch farmers ...

What are the different types of settlements?

There are innumerable geometric possibilities relating to local terrain and location (such as road, canal, riverbank, or spring-line settlements), political conditions, or genesis of the settlements: colonial villages often had defensive functions expressed in linear or circular forms (Figure 2 ). The simpler hamlet clusters which characterized settlement in poorer more difficult agricultural environments were often associated with kinship groups, organic growth of settlements over long periods of time, as well as tribal roots of landownership in the early Middle Ages.

How does urbanization affect grassland ecosystems?

3 ). Urbanization causes the establishment of impermeable surfaces, landscape fragmentation, habitat loss and a loss in natural resource pathways and biodiversity ( Van der Walt et al., 2015 ).

What is the South Indian coastline?

The south Indian coastline comprises many urban and rural settlements with higher population density along with valuable environmental, aesthetic, and recreational resources, whereas the various hotspots have been noted as under vulnerability to physical and environmental damages (Mujabar and Chandrasekar, 2011; Kaliraj et al., 2013 ). The modified CVI model is applied to the coastline with the length of 58 km from the Kanyakumari to Thengapattinam along the southern part of Tamil Nadu, India that covers the geographical coordinates of 77°9′49.23″E to 77° 34′14.99″E longitude and 8° 6′32.63″N to 8°14′15.30″N latitude. Fig. 18.1 shows the geographical location of the South Indian coastal stretch. The coastal configuration is gently sloping southward with respect to landward margin of the coastline that comprises beach landforms like sandy beaches, dunes, estuaries, and other fluvio-marine landforms ( Srinivas and Sajan, 2010; Kaliraj et al., 2015 ). The coastal upland is mainly associated with rocky shore and offshore outcrops that act as a natural barrier to wave actions and storm surges. The sandy beaches and beach ridges are found in the Sanguthurai, Chothavilai, Pillaithoppu, Ganapathipuram, Rajakkamangalam, Colachel, and Simonkudiyiruppu coastal areas ( Hentry et al., 2012 ). Onshore margin of the coast is composed of thick Late Quaternary deposits and sandy materials generally sloping toward the sea that cover settlements, coconut plantations, and shallow water bodies like backwater and creeks ( Loveson et al., 1990 ). The rocky boulders and sea cliffs are found in the Muttam, Kanyakumari, and Cape Comorin coasts, and the sandstone found along the study area is made up of igneous rock and silt clay materials. The alluvial mixed clay is embraced at the mouth of the Thamirabarani estuary in the Thengapattinam and Pazhayar estuary in Manakudi. The three major drainage networks such as Pazhayar, Valliyar, and Thamirabarani and their tributaries are flowing in a southerly direction from the Western Ghats, and they are the primary sources for sediment discharge to maintain equilibrium status of coastal landforms during both southwest and northeast monsoons ( Baba et al., 1987; Kaliraj et al., 2017a ). The subtropical climatic condition prevails in the coastal region with the rainfall range of 826–1456 mm and temperature range of 23.78–33.95°C. Along the coastline, the human settlements have clustered in the nearshore and backshore, and this increased from 17.54 km 2 in 2000 to 39.22 km 2 in 2018. In the coastline, altering the hydrodynamic forces due to natural and anthropogenic forces produces adverse impact on coastal landforms and habitats for long-term scale. The coastal livelihoods and resources experience vulnerability to physical damage, hence it is very necessary for assessment and mapping the vulnerability using remote sensing and GIS for sustainable coastal management.

Is West Africa a city based civilization?

The history of society in West Africa is one of a city-based civilization, where most human settlements are congested into significant urban-built environments that are surrounded by several rural settlements, most of which are agroallied. It is nearly commonplace to have most of these city-states with walls for security and boundary demarcations. Although an undifferentiated basement complex underlies the entire area of West Africa, the developments of urban centers in the region have been traced along the Niger River largely due to the availability of water to sustain human life and establish trade routes.

What is rural settlement?

Rural settlements include populated areas whose inhabitants are engaged primarily in agriculture, forestry, or hunting; they also include settlements whose inhabitants are involved in other types of occupations (industrial, transport, construction) if the settlements have small populations and are located in rural areas.

How many rural settlements are there in the world?

In the United States, for example, approximately one-fifth of the rural population at the beginning of the 1970’s was listed as residing in officially registered rural settlements, while the remaining farm population was grouped, for statistical purposes, into broader territorial units. In many countries, particularly densely populated ones, where large rural settlements are in close proximity to individual farms and estates, the population of all the settlements within a single territorial administrative unit (for example, a commune in France and Belgium and Gemeinde in the German Democratic Republic) is considered to be a single group for statistical purposes.

What were the main agricultural settlements in the USSR?

In the USSR the principal rural agricultural settlements are the central settlements of the kolkhozes (32,500) and sovkhozes (13,200). In 1970, 42 percent of the total rural population lived in such settlements, extremely varied in size, with an average population of about 1,000. These settlements provide the basis for the further network of rural settlements and are given priority in the development of public services; an ever-increasing share of the rural population is being concentrated in these centers. Many of the central settlements of kolkhozes are old villages—including slobody (commercial and industrial villages near cities) and stanitsy (large cossack villages)—whose appearance has been greatly changed during the years of Soviet power. The central farmsteads of sovkhozes are built according to special plans. Another large group of agricultural settlements includes the 80,500 settlements of kolkhoz production brigades and kolkhoz livestock-breeding departments and the 70,000 settlements of sovkhoz divisions and sovkhoz livestock-breeding departments.

What type of settlements were there in the USSR?

The mixed-type rural settlements of the USSR include more than 800 villages (1970) that serve as raion administrative centers. This group also includes certain kolkhoz and sovkhoz settlements, where a significant portion of the population is employed in local industrial enterprises (for example, processing agricultural products or logging), in transportation services, or in enterprises in neighboring urban settlements. The number of agroindustrial rural settlements, which represent a progressive development, is increasing along with the number of urban settlements. Each year, new cities and urban-type settlements are formed from agroindustrial rural settlements and rural raion administrative centers.

How far from the fault is a rural settlement?

Accordingly, rural settlements to less than 5 km from the fault and higher than 5km is considered as inappropriate and appropriate range, respectively [13], There are two faults names Astara and Neor in the region that with these criteria in the study area, 17 rural settlements including Baghchehsara, Ghaleh, Khoshkedahane, Abbasabad, Darband, Kanroud, Sibli, Khosromahaleh, Sireliveh, Ghardehsara, Khalilehsara, Chelvand, Khanbolaghi, Baghcheghari, Ghashtehdel, Goleyelagh are located in high risk areas.

What environmental factors affect the distribution systems in rural settlements?

One of the environmental factors affecting the distribution systems in rural settlements is to measure the height and slope.

What percentage of rural settlements are located in the slopes of the Kopedagh Mountains?

Akbar Oghli, Farahnaz and Velayati, Sadollah [2] in an article entitled "survey of natural factors position in the establishment of rural settlements in Kopedagh Mountains of hezarmasjed published in the Journal of Iran Geographical Society conclude that the study area due to the mountainous in most environmental-ecologic parameters, particularly unstable slope had an effect on placement rural settlements, so that, 47 percent of rural habitations are located in the slopes more than 10 percent and on mountains.

Where is rural settlement in South Africa?

Rural settlement - South Africa. Rural settlement on the foothills of the Drakensberg mountains, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Where is the rural mountainscape?

Rural mountainscape. Mountain and valley of wheat and trees in rural area and a view of a small farming settlement at Artois in the Western Cape of South Africa

Where are the shacks of an informal settlement?

Shacks of an Informal Settlement Built on a Hill, South Africa. Shacks of an infrmal settlement built on a hill, south africa

Where is the largest slum in Kenya?

Nairobi slum. NAIROBI, KENYA-OCT. 13: Unidentified people walk in mud through the Nairobi slum Oct. 13 2011 in Nairobi, Kenya. Kibera is the largest slum in

Where are corrugated iron homes settled?

Corrugated iron home settlement. Settlement of corrugated iron homes of poor people in south africa

Where is Graaff Reinet?

Elevated view of the town of Graaff-Reinet in the arid karoo region of South Africa. Town of Graaff-Reinet in the arid karoo - South Africa. Elevated view of the town of Graaff-Reinet in the arid karoo region of South Africa. Rural huts and cattle.

What was the purpose of the post-apartheid political settlement?

The post-Apartheid political settlement was intended to change this reality. Apartheid had been made unworkable, not only by black resistance in the cities and towns but also by the collapse of the reserve economy. In 1986, the system of influx control that had kept the families of black workers confined to the so-called ‘Bantustans’ was formally abandoned. After this, it was clear that the tide of urbanisation was unstoppable and the demands for social inclusion by the majority of the black population could not be ignored. The post-Apartheid political settlement depended for its legitimacy on one central promise: the universal inclusion of all South Africa’s people into the rights and entitlements that had hitherto been limited to its urban citizens. This promise has not been kept. As Jeremy Seekings and Nicoli Nattrass have argued, the new government focused on the de-racialisation of the South African distributive regime but stopped short of its transformation. Many of the key features of the essentially colonial and urban-centred regulatory and distributive regime have been preserved unchanged (Seekings & Nattrass 2005, Seekings & Nattrass 2015).

How did the Industrial Revolution affect South Africa?

The industrial revolution in South Africa transformed both cities and the countryside. Initially, the development of markets around the new industrial centres created opportunities for African farmers. Indeed, for a while it seemed that African peasants, with their high levels of economic independence and their ability to draw on family labour, could outcompete white settlers (Bundy 1977). But by the early part of the 20th century, those doors were being closed. Colonial policy created systems that systematically disadvantaged African farmers in their competition with whites (Bundy 1988). This was not only in order to protect settler agriculture: The interests of the mining industry and its need for cheap labour also required a change of economic relations in the countryside. Government policy promoted the forcible and coercive incorporation of South Africa’s black rural population into the social and political formations of the industrial economy. Fiscal and economic policies were adopted that pushed African farmers off the land, forcing them to sell their labour in the mines (Wolpe 1980, Ndlovu 2017). At the same time, segregationist policy actively discouraged the development of a settled black urban working class. Black workers were understood to be merely ‘temporary sojourners’ in the cities (Maylam 1990). African families were to stay in the rural areas, and when no longer needed in the urban economy, African workers were expected to return to the Native reserves. Crucially, these workers were also excluded from formal systems of social protection. The social state that took shape in SA during the 1920s and 1930 was a welfare state for whites. (Seekings & Nattrass 2005, Barchiesi 2011). Black workers were expected to rely on the informal systems of family-based welfare and social solidarity that existed in the Native Reserves (Ferguson 2012; du Toit 2014).