SETTLEMENT MARKERS The settlement marker is used to measure a localised settlement or heave of roads, slopes, embankments, utility pipes and cables. Concrete
What are the uses of settlement markers?
Settlement markers are typically installed to display the settlement of the finished ground, after surcharge. A simple concrete nail is used to monitor the vertical movement of the structure, especially for the floor slabs of the building structure.
What is a settlement plate?
Settlement plates are most commonly installed on an existing ground surface prior to the placement of an embankment, however they may also be successfully utilized in deep excavations. Settlement plates may be used alone or in conjunction with other instrumentation including piezometers,...
What is settlement monitoring instrumentation?
Settlement monitoring instrumentation is typically accomplished using settlement plates which are placed on the ground surface prior to fill placement, extended to the fill surface during ongoing fill placement activities, and surveyed on a regular basis during the monitoring program.
When do we recommend ground settlement monitoring?
We recommend ground settlement monitoring for projects where ground settlements are difficult to predict, are expected to be excessive, or may require long periods of time to stabilize due to soft soils or large volumes of fill placement.
How do Settlement markers work?
Structure settlement marker is used to monitor the movement of the existing buildings/ structures which may be affected by the works. Featuring a spherical head and a plated body that minimize damage to the building, the wall-mounted marker is installed around the external facade of the building.
What is settlement gauge?
The settlement gauge is a pressure transducer with vibrating wire or capacitive technology, mounted on a plate with a protective cover. Depending on the requirement, the settlement system can be installed with just a single gauge or with multiple gauges.
What is a settlement plate?
Settlement plates are typically installed in areas where significant settlement is predicted. They can be used to examine if predicted settlement: 1) is occurring. 2) is occurring at predicted rates and magnitudes. 3) has occurred to a magnitude of interest (or over a time of interest)
What is Rod settlement gauge?
Rod Settlement Gauge Rod Settlement Gauge/Settlement Plate is typically installed during initial phase of construction and designed to monitor the immediate vertical ground settlement as well as long term.
What is a standpipe piezometer?
Standpipe Piezometers offer a simple and economic method for measuring water pressures in soil and rock. The Standpipe Piezometer (also known as a Casagrande Piezometer) is used to monitor piezometric water levels in vertical boreholes.
What are settlement plates used for?
Settlement plates are used to monitor settlement induced by surcharges placed on compressible soils.
What are settlement tiles?
Settlements plates are man-made scientific devices that are designed to simulate the natural strata that corals settle on. Corals settle on the plates during a given time period, and the plates are removed and analyzed in a lab.
What is a settlement pin?
The settlement marker is used to measure a localised settlement or heave of roads, slopes, embankments, utility pipes and cables. INSTALLATION AND MONITORING. Concrete Nail. Concrete Nail.
What is deep Levelling datum?
The permanent reference station or deep leveling datum is used as a reference for leveling measurement to other points, and shall be established on stable ground.
What is a prefabricated surface settlement marker?
Prefabricated surface settlement marker is used to monitor localized ground movement at specific locations. The settlement marker’s reduced level is compared against a temporary or permanent benchmark to monitor its settlement or heave. Settlement markers are typically installed to display the settlement of the finished ground, after surcharge.
What is a rod settlement gauge?
Rod Settlement Gauge/Settlement Plate is typically installed during initial phase of construction and designed to monitor the immediate vertical ground settlement as well as long term . Generally installed to verify design settlement assumptions and/or to check whether performance is as predicted with respect to installed PVDs and Surcharge. The settlement gauge comprises of a plate with attached measuring rods. The plate is positioned at the depth at which the settlement is prearranged to be measured and the plate level is recorded. During a typical monitoring session, the following information will be recorded: –
What is the settlement rod manual?
This manual establishes uniform statewide procedures for fabrication, installation, documentation, maintenance and disposal of settlement gages and settlement rods.
How does a manometer surface settlement gage work?
The manometer gage works on the principle that a fluid seeks its own level. The fluid line reflects any change in elevation between the base and readout box. The air line maintains the same atmospheric pressure at the base that exists at the readout box. The distance between the readout box and base should not exceed 230 ft. (70 m).
When are settlement gages and rods abandoned?
All settlement gages and rods shall be abandoned after termination of the construction waiting period, unless the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau requests in writing that installations be retained for future readings. Procedures for abandonment are as follows:
What is a pipe surface settlement gage?
A pipe surface settlement gage indicates total foundation settlement behavior during and after embankment construction.
When to install settlement rods?
Settlement rods shall be installed as shown in Figure 1 at the locations shown on the plans immediately after embankment or surcharge construction is completed . The elevation of the top of the steel rod at the time of the installation shall be determined and recorded. The exposed length of pipe shall be made conspicuous, to reduce the chance of damage.
How to install a gage on a foundation?
These gages shall be installed at locations designated on the plans by driving or pressing the anchor post, using the outside casing (NPS 1) , from the surface of the embankment foundation to the elevation specified in the plans (see Figure 7). The anchors post shall then be expanded by tapping, with a small sledge hammer, the inside pipe (NPS ¼) while the outside casing is held in a fixed position. A 3 ft. (1 m) piece of pipe is now added to the inside pipe, wit the inside pipe held in a fixed position, the outside casing shall be detached at the left-hand threaded connection and retracted about 3 ft. (1 m) (see Figure 6).
What are Brent markers?
ICE Futures Europe introduced Brent markers as a way of enabling customers to manage their price risk more effectively in the physical markets throughout the trading day. By referencing an official marker price as set out by the Exchange, traders are able to manage their price risk more effectively by aligning both crude and product prices at the same point in the day. This can often help in reducing basis risk. The various markers and the timings of such markers are set out in the table below.
What is a marker volume threshold?
The Marker Volume Threshold used to establish the minimum volume of trades which needs to be completed during the relevant Marker period for the purposes of calculating prices by means of a trade weighted average calculation. The Marker Volume Thresholds are set on a contract by contract basis, and are subject to change, determined by the Exchange.
What is the 16:30 marker?
ICE Futures Europe introduced a marker for ICE Heating Oil in January 2012. The timing of the non-tradable ICE Heating Oil Futures 16:30 Marker also referred to as the London Minute Marker, at 16:30 local London time is to coincide with the Platts Market on Close window in London as well as the daily settlement for the ICE Low Sulphur Gasoil Futures. The ICE Heating Oil Futures 16:30 Marker is established daily by the Exchange, for the front two contract months, calculating the trade weighted average price of ICE Heating Oil Futures executed for the relevant contract month between 16:29 and 16:30 (London time).
