To avoid possible bankruptcy, tobacco industry companies agreed to a legal settlement known as the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). With the MSA, states obtained a 25-year payout of hundreds of billions of dollars from “Big Tobacco.”
What is the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)?
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) | NAAG In 1998, 52 state and territory attorneys general signed the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with the four largest tobacco companies in the U.S. to settle dozens of state lawsuits brought to recover billions of dollars in health care costs associated with treating smoking-related illnesses.
How much did the Master Settlement Agreement cost?
Under the Master Settlement Agreement, seven tobacco companies agreed to change the way they market tobacco products and to pay the states an estimated $206 billion. The tobacco companies also agreed to finance a $1.5 billion anti-smoking campaign, open previously secret industry documents,...
What was the settlement with the tobacco industry?
Tobacco Settlement Led by Mississippi Attorney General Mike Moore, attorneys general from a number of states announced a settlement reached with the tobacco industry. The settlement created a trust fund to pay for medical costs resulting from tobacco addiction and ended the suits by several states and individuals for payment of such medical costs.
What are Big Tobacco’s annual payments to the States?
Plus, Big Tobacco has to make annual payments to the states to cover the healthcare costs related to smoking. These payments were set to increase gradually, starting at 4.5 billion dollars in 2000, rising to 6.5 billion in 2002, then 8.14 billion in 2008, and finally 9 billion dollars in 2018.
What did the master settlement agreement do?
In 1998, 52 state and territory attorneys general signed the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with the four largest tobacco companies in the U.S. to settle dozens of state lawsuits brought to recover billions of dollars in health care costs associated with treating smoking-related illnesses.
What was the purpose of the tobacco lawsuit case that resulted in the tobacco Master settlement?
to create and fund the National Public Education Foundation, dedicated to reducing youth smoking and preventing diseases associated with smoking. to make annual payments to the settling states in perpetuity.
What was the result of the tobacco lawsuit?
In the largest civil litigation settlement in U.S. history, the states and territories scored a victory that resulted in the tobacco companies paying the states and territories billions of dollars in yearly installments.
How much was the 1998 tobacco settlement?
In 1998, state governments reached a 25-year, $246 billion deal with the country's largest tobacco companies. The staggering sum was intended to hold the industry accountable for the lethal effects of smoking and provide support for anti-tobacco programs.
Where did the tobacco settlement money go?
This year (fiscal year 2020), the states will collect $27.2 billion from the 1998 tobacco settlement and tobacco taxes. But they will spend less than 3% – just $739.7 million – on programs to prevent kids from using tobacco and help smokers quit - less than a quarter (22.4%) of the total funding recommended by the CDC.
Can you sue tobacco companies for COPD?
Yes, you can still sue tobacco companies in certain cases. You may be able to bring an action as an individual or, in some cases, as a representative of a class in a class action.
What happened with the tobacco court case?
The High Court of Australia ruling By a majority of six to one, the High Court rejected the tobacco companies' arguments that there had been an acquisition of property under the Australian Constitution.
What happened in the 1990s that turned things around for the plaintiff suing tobacco companies?
In the 1990s, plaintiffs began to have limited success in tobacco lawsuits, partly because some cigarette company documents were leaked showing the companies were aware of the addictive nature of tobacco.
What happened with the tobacco court case?
The High Court of Australia ruling By a majority of six to one, the High Court rejected the tobacco companies' arguments that there had been an acquisition of property under the Australian Constitution.
What is the Master Settlement Agreement in your own words?
The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) imposes major restrictions on tobacco company marketing practices and prohibits advertising aimed at youth. The MSA restricts the participating tobacco companies in the following ways: Prohibits direct or indirect targeting of youth in advertising, marketing and promotions.
When was the first tobacco lawsuit?
In 1994, Mike Moore, the state attorney general, filed the first state lawsuit against big tobacco. Individual lawsuits by smokers failed because courts held people responsible for their decision to smoke, but Moore argued that Mississippi shouldn't be forced to pay the costs of treating smoking-related diseases.
When was the Master Settlement Agreement?
November 1998The tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) is an accord reached in November 1998 between the state Attorneys General of 46 states, five U.S. territories, the District of Columbia and the four largest cigarette manufacturers in the United States.
What is the tobacco master settlement agreement?
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement ( MSA) was entered in November 1998, originally between the four largest United States tobacco companies ( Philip Morris Inc., R. J. Reynolds, Brown & Williamson and Lorillard – the "original participating manufacturers", referred to as the "Majors") and the attorneys general of 46 states. The states settled their Medicaid lawsuits against the tobacco industry for recovery of their tobacco-related health-care costs. In exchange, the companies agreed to curtail or cease certain tobacco marketing practices, as well as to pay, in perpetuity, various annual payments to the states to compensate them for some of the medical costs of caring for persons with smoking-related illnesses. The money also funds a new anti-smoking advocacy group, called the Truth Initiative, that is responsible for such campaigns as Truth and maintains a public archive of documents resulting from the cases.
When was the Master Settlement Agreement signed?
Adoption of the "Master Settlement Agreement". In November 1998 , the Attorneys General of the remaining 46 states, as well as of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, entered into the Master Settlement Agreement with the four largest manufacturers of cigarettes in the United States.
Why did the OPMs and the settling states not join the MSA?
The OPMs worried that the NPMs, both because they would not be bound by the advertising and other restrictions in the MSA and because they would not be required to make payments to the settling states, would be able to charge lower prices for their cigarettes and thus increase their market share.
How long does it take for a SPM to join the Master Settlement Agreement?
As an incentive to join the Master Settlement Agreement, the agreement provides that, if an SPM joined within ninety days following the Master Settlement Agreement's "Execution Date," that SPM is exempt ("exempt SPM") from making annual payments to the settling states unless the SPM increases its share of the national cigarette market beyond its 1998 market share, or beyond 125% of that SPM's 1997 market share. If the exempt SPM's market share in a given year increases beyond those relevant historic limits, the MSA requires that the exempt SPM make annual payments to the settling states, similar to those made by the OPMs, but based only upon the SPM's sales representing the exempt SPM's market share increase.
What was the 1997 National Settlement Proposal?
This proposed congressional remedy (1997 National Settlement Proposal (NSP), a.k.a. the "June 20, 1997 Proposal") for the cigarette tobacco problem resembled the eventual Multistate Settlement Agreement (MSA), but with important differences. For example, although the congressional proposal would have earmarked one-third of all funds to combat teenage smoking, no such restrictions appear in the MSA. In addition, the congressional proposal would have mandated Food and Drug Administration oversight and imposed federal advertising restrictions. It also would have granted immunity from state prosecutions; eliminated punitive damages in individual tort suits; and prohibited the use of class actions, or other joinder or aggregation devices without the defendant's consent, assuring that only individual actions could be brought. The congressional proposal called for payments to the states of $368.5 billion over 25 years. By contrast, assuming that the Majors would maintain their market share, the MSA provides baseline payments of about $200 billion over 25 years. This baseline payment is subject to
How many plaintiffs have ever prevailed in the tobacco case?
Only two plaintiffs ever prevailed, and both of those decisions were reversed on appeal. As scientific evidence mounted in the 1980s, tobacco companies claimed contributory negligence as they asserted adverse health effects were previously unknown or lacked substantial credibility.
How many lawsuits were filed against tobacco companies?
By the mid-1950s, individuals in the United States began to sue the companies responsible for manufacturing and marketing cigarettes for damages related to the effects of smoking. In the forty years through 1994, over 800 private claims were brought against tobacco companies in state courts across the country. The individuals asserted claims for negligent manufacture, negligent advertising, fraud, and violation of various state consumer protection statutes. The tobacco companies were successful against these lawsuits. Only two plaintiffs ever prevailed, and both of those decisions were reversed on appeal. As scientific evidence mounted in the 1980s, tobacco companies claimed contributory negligence as they asserted adverse health effects were previously unknown or lacked substantial credibility.
Who enforces the Master Settlement Agreement?
The Attorney General’s Office and the attorneys general of other states are taking steps to enforce the terms of the Master Settlement Agreement and to encourage other tobacco companies to join in the settlement.
When did the Master Settlement Agreement come into effect?
In November 1998, the attorneys general of 51 U.S. states and territories entered into a landmark settlement as a result of this litigation. Among many other things, and subject to certain exceptions, the Master Settlement Agreement:
How many sponsorships can you have in a year?
Limits manufacturers to only one brand-name sponsorship of an event per year, and prohibits brand name sponsorship of major team sports (baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer), concerts, events with a significant youth audience, and events where any of the paid participants or contestants are underage.
What was the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement?
The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between the major tobacco companies, 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories transformed tobacco control. In the largest civil litigation settlement in U.S. history, the states and territories scored a victory that resulted in the tobacco companies paying the states ...
What were the new limits on cigarettes?
New limits were created for the advertising, marketing and promotion of cigarettes. Tobacco advertising that targets people younger than age 18 was prohibited. Cartoons in cigarette advertising were eliminated. Outdoor, billboard and public transit advertising of cigarettes was eliminated.
When did the MSA start?
The Attorneys General of the 46 states, the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories signed the MSA with the four largest U.S. tobacco companies in 1998.
Who was sued by the MSA?
territories in the mid-1990s against major U.S. cigarette manufacturers Philip Morris, R.J. Reynolds, Brown & Williamson and Lorillard, plus the tobacco industry's trade associations.
Does MSA include individual claims?
This did not include individual claims their citizens may have.
Can cigarettes be used on merchandise?
Cigarette brand names could no longer be used on merchandise. Many millions of tobacco company internal documents were made available to the public. Since the MSA was signed in November 1998, about 40 other tobacco companies have signed onto the agreement and are also bound by its terms.
What is the Master Settlement Agreement?
The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) imposes major restrictions on tobacco company marketing practices and prohibits advertising aimed at youth. The MSA restricts the participating tobacco companies in the following ways: Prohibits direct or indirect targeting of youth in advertising, marketing and promotions.
Who represented California in the tobacco litigation?
The Attorney General represented the State of California in the tobacco litigation. The Attorney General established the first full-time state tobacco enforcement unit in the country and provided consumers with a complaint line, 916-565-6486, for reporting suspected violations of the MSA.
What is the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement?
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement simultaneously represents one of the most egregious examples of a government shakedown of private industry and offers a case study of the problems that stem from big government and big business scratching each other’s backs. It has turned the largest tobacco companies into an indispensable cash cow for politicians and bureaucrats, enabled irresponsible state spending, and, amazingly, has resulted in less money for public health and tobacco control while propping up a declining industry. As is the case with discriminatory tobacco taxes, the incentives of the MSA are perverse: the more people smoke, the more money the government gets to spend on whatever it wants. The biggest losers are those with tobacco-related diseases and smokers trying to quit.
What was the master settlement agreement between the tobacco companies and the states?
In November 1998, forty-six US states, along with the District of Columbia and five US territories, and the major tobacco companies entered into a contract of an extraordinary nature. (The other four states, Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi, and Texas, had entered similar agreements on their own beginning the year before.) The agreement, known as the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), represented the culmination of a decades-long argument between the tobacco companies and state governments. After the dangers of smoking became known, the tobacco industry had engaged in extensive efforts to somehow stay in business, deflect and defeat lawsuits, and minimize negative attention. Public healthcare systems—and most of the healthcare in this country is taxpayer-funded or subsidized—had seen an influx of patients with smoking-related diseases, and state governments began filing lawsuits against the tobacco companies, claiming they wanted money to help cover smoking-related healthcare costs. The tobacco companies had lots of money but were nervous about the states’ potential to sue them out of business. So, they decided to talk. The result was the MSA.
How do politicians take advantage of the tobacco industry?
Besides politicians’ quintessential habit of spending money on things it was not meant for, there is a more insidious way that they have taken advantage of the never-ending stream of money from the tobacco companies. This is called securitization, and it occurs when a cash-strapped state borrows against promised future MSA payments so that it can get the money immediately. The state issues bonds backed up by the promise of future payments. The term “tobacco bonds” is a reference to this irresponsible practice. The buyers of bonds (the most prominent of which are powerful financial institutions) make a handsome long-term profit. State governments and their taxpayers get a raw deal. As the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids warned as early as 2002, states that securitize their tobacco funds get much smaller total payments, “usually for about 40 cents on the dollar or less,” than they would if they let the future revenue come in as planned. Borrowing against future payments in exchange for less money today leads to fewer resources for public health and more money for Wall Street. Yet politicians openly turn to the MSA revenue to cover for their irresponsible spending. For example, in November 2017, as Pennsylvania tried to balance its budget shortfall that had been caused by a refusal to eliminate wasteful spending, securitizing tobacco settlement revenue was the preferred course of all parties. Unfortunately, even some otherwise fiscally responsible politicians like to securitize tobacco revenue, as they consider it a better option than raising taxes.
How does the amount paid by tobacco companies affect the number of cigarettes sold?
The amount paid by the tobacco companies would directly correlate to the number of cigarettes sold—the more cigarettes sold, the more money the states would get. In exchange for their money, the tobacco companies would not be sued by state and local governments seeking recovery of costs associated with tobacco use.
How much money did tobacco companies pay to the states?
Nearly twenty years later, the tobacco companies have paid a staggering $119.5 billion to the states and territories participating in the MSA and another $25.4 billion to the four states with their own agreements. What have the states done with this huge amount of money?
What is tobacco bonds?
The state issues bonds backed up by the promise of future payments. The term “tobacco bonds” is a reference to this irresponsible practice. The buyers of bonds (the most prominent of which are powerful financial institutions) make a handsome long-term profit. State governments and their taxpayers get a raw deal.
What are the incentives of the MSA?
As is the case with discriminatory tobacco taxes, the incentives of the MSA are perverse: the more people smoke, the more money the government gets to spend on whatever it wants. The biggest losers are those with tobacco-related diseases and smokers trying to quit.
When did tobacco companies enter into settlement agreements?
If tobacco companies, before October 1, 2000, enter into an agreement with better overall terms, settlement states will get the benefit of that agreement. (This does not apply to any agreement reached after the seating of a jury or commencement of trial.)
How long after master settlement agreement is it required to stop smoking?
Beginning 180 days after the Master Settlement Agreement Execution Date, companies must: Develop and regularly communicate corporate principles that commit to complying with the Master Settlement Agreement and reducing youth smoking.
What is the purpose of the smoking ban?
Prohibits the industry from making any material misrepresentations regarding the health consequences of smoking.
How long does a tobacco company have to maintain a website?
Requires tobacco companies to maintain for ten years, at their expense, a Website which includes all documents produced in state and other smoking and health related lawsuits.
What happens after state specific finality?
After state specific finality, tobacco companies will be prohibited from opposing proposed state or local laws or administrative rules which are intended to limit youth access to and consumption of tobacco products.
Who appointed the officers of the tobacco association?
Officers of the association will be appointed by the board, be employees of the association and will not be employed by a member tobacco company.
Can you distribute free samples after master settlement?
After Master Settlement Agreement Execution Date, free samples cannot be distributed except in a facility or enclosed area where the operator ensures no underage person is present.
What is the tobacco settlement?
StateAG.org’s The Tobacco Settlement commemorates the historic fight against big tobacco and the men and women who led these efforts on behalf of the states.
What was the purpose of the settlement of the tobacco addiction lawsuit?
The settlement created a trust fund to pay for medical costs resulting from tobacco addiction and ended the suits by several states and individuals for payment of such medical costs. The settlement also prohibited class action law suits against tobacco companies in the future.
Which state is the fifth to join the tobacco litigation?
Massachusetts became the fifth state to join the litigation. In December 1998, the National Association of Attorneys General awarded Tom the NAAG President's Distinguished Service Award for his work nationally on the state tobacco litigation and settlements.
Overview
Criticism
Some anti-smoking advocates, such as William Godshall, have criticized the MSA as being too lenient on the major tobacco companies. In a speech at the National Tobacco Control Conference, Godshall stated that "[w]ith unprecedented future legal protection granted by the state A.G.s in exchange for money, it appears that the tobacco industry has emerged from the state lawsuits even more powerful".
History of adoption
In September 1950, an article was published in the British Medical Journal linking smoking to lung cancer and heart disease. In 1954 the British Doctors Study confirmed the suggestion, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates were related. In 1964 the United States Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health likewise began suggesting the relatio…
Summary of terms
The Original Participating Manufacturers (OPMs) agreed to several broad categories of conditions:
• to restrict their advertising, sponsorship, lobbying, and litigation activities, particularly as those activities were seen as targeting youth;
• to disband three specific "Tobacco-Related Organizations," and to restrict their creation and participation in trade associations;
Contraband statutes
By the middle of 2000, domestic NPMs and importers had begun to obtain greater market share. The NAAG noted that reductions in settlement payments which result from an overall reduction in cigarette consumption benefit the states because health care costs imposed by each cigarette exceed the settlement payments. On the other hand, when reductions in settlement payments occur because NPM sales displace PM sales, the states receive no benefits if the NPMs do not …
Securitization
In the ten years following the settlement, many state and local governments have opted to sell so-called Tobacco Bonds. They are a form of securitization. In many cases the bonds permit state and local governments to transfer the risk of declines in future master settlement agreement payments to bondholders. In some cases, however, the bonds are backed by secondary pledges of state or local revenues, which creates what some see as a perverse incentive to support the to…
Individual state settlements
There is technically a distinct MSA signed separately with each state. While these MSAs are identical, the states have had to enact enabling legislation which differs from state to state. Furthermore, each state's court system is entitled to create its own jurisdictional interpretations of the MSA text. As a result, legal understanding of the MSA differ from state to state.
Documents relating to the initial lawsuits filed by each individual state are available at the UCSF
See also
• Operation Berkshire
• Project SCUM
• Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation
• "Truth" ad campaign