Early European settlement
- Itinerants. Oceania became a supply source in 1788 for the settlement of Australia. ...
- Missionary activity. Christian missionaries traveled to Oceania with the deliberate intention of changing its societies. ...
- Growth of trading communities. ...
- Plantation societies. ...
Who were the first European settlers to America?
The first European countries to begin colonizing the Americas were Spain and Portugal. Spain claimed and settled Mexico, most of Central and South America, several islands in the Caribbean, and what are now Florida, California, and the Southwest region of the United States. Portugal gained control of Brazil.
Where is the oldest permanent European settlement?
Oldest permanent European settlement in the Thirteen Colonies: 1607 Popham Colony: Maine United States Short-lived settlement, a Plymouth Company project 1607: Santa Fe: New Mexico: United States: Oldest continuously inhabited state capital in the US 1608: Québec: Quebec: Canada Originally settled by Jacques Cartier in 1535, who abandoned it ...
When did European settlement begin?
It was not until the early 1600s that European explorers first visited the area and it took until the 1670s before permanent settlements were established.
What is an early settlement?
What is early settlement? When selling your investment, the proceeds of this sale are classified as Unsettled Cash for a period of 5 business days until they are deemed as settled (“Settlement Period”). Only once they have settled can you withdraw them to your bank account.
What was the earliest European settlement?
Even before Jamestown or the Plymouth Colony, the oldest permanent European settlement in what is now the United States was founded in September 1565 by a Spanish soldier named Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in St. Augustine, Florida.
What were the three main reasons for European settlement?
Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory.
Who established the first European settlements?
In 1604, the first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain, first on St. Croix Island (in present-day Maine), then at Port-Royal, in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia).
Why did early European settlers come to America?
European nations came to the Americas to increase their wealth and broaden their influence over world affairs. The Spanish were among the first Europeans to explore the New World and the first to settle in what is now the United States.
Who were the first Europeans?
The first Europeans came from Africa via the Middle East and settled there about 43,000 years ago. But some of those pioneers, such as a 40,000-year-old individual from Romania, have little connection to today's Europeans, Reich says. His team studied DNA from 51 Europeans and Asians who lived 7000 to 45,000 years ago.
Where did the first European settlers land in America?
The invasion of the North American continent and its peoples began with the Spanish in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida, then British in 1587 when the Plymouth Company established a settlement that they dubbed Roanoke in present-day North Carolina.
What was the first permanent European settlement in the United States?
St. AugustineFounded in 1565, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European and African-American origin in the United States.
When did Europeans come to Africa?
15th centuryEuropean exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by the Kingdom of Portugal under Henry the Navigator.
Why did Europeans colonize Africa?
During this time, many European countries expanded their empires by aggressively establishing colonies in Africa so that they could exploit and export Africa's resources. Raw materials like rubber, timber, diamonds, and gold were found in Africa. Europeans also wanted to protect trade routes.
Who settled America first?
Five hundred years before Columbus, a daring band of Vikings led by Leif Eriksson set foot in North America and established a settlement.
What were the first settlements in America?
What were the first three settlements in America? The first settlements in North America were: Vineland by the Vikings, St. Augustine by the Spanish, and Roanoke by the British.
When was the first settlement in America?
In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I.
What were the major factors that shaped the settlement of North America by European countries?
Spain colonized America because they were searching for gold and silver. They did find a lot of gold and silver when they conquered the Aztec and Inca Empires. France colonized North America because of the great amount of furs they found there.
What were the reasons for the English colonization of America?
RELIGIOUS MOTIVES Non-conforming religious sects were persecuted as being treasonous to the king. These people sought to escape to America where vacant land and great distance from the mother country offered them a place to settle and follow their own consciences in religious matters.
Why did Spanish colonists settle in America?
Motivations for colonization: Spain's colonization goals were to extract gold and silver from the Americas, to stimulate the Spanish economy and make Spain a more powerful country. Spain also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
Why did France and England colonize North America?
Motivations for colonization: The French colonized North America to create trading posts for the fur trade. Some French missionaries eventually made their way to North America in order to convert Native Americans to Catholicism.
Why did the Europeans settle in New Zealand?
Apart from convicts escaping from Australia and shipwrecked or deserting sailors seeking asylum with Māori tribes, the first Europeans in New Zealand were in search of profits— from sealskins, timber, New Zealand flax (genus Phormium ), and whaling. Australian firms set up tiny settlements of land-based bay whalers, and Kororareka (now called Russell ), in the northeastern North Island, became a stopping place for American, British, and French deep-sea whalers. Traders supplying whalers drew Māori into their economic activity, buying provisions and supplying trade goods, implements, muskets, and rum. Initially the Māori welcomed the newcomers; while the tribes were secure, the European was a useful dependent.
Why did the company move so quickly?
The company moved hastily because its founders were aware that British annexation was likely and would entail a crown monopoly of land sales and a consequent increase in price. Purchases were effected in great haste before Hobson could bring to an end such private transactions.
What happened in the late 1830s?
By the late 1830s, chiefly through the Australian link, New Zealand had been joined to Europe. Settlers numbered at least some hundreds, and there were certain to be more. Colonization schemes were afoot in Great Britain, and Australian graziers were buying land from the Maori. These circumstances determined British policy.
What were the effects of the Maori conversion?
All of these newcomers had a profound effect on Maori life. Warfare and disease reduced numbers, while new values, pursuits, and beliefs modified tribal structures.
Where did the bay whalers stop?
Australian firms set up tiny settlements of land-based bay whalers, and Kororareka (now called Russell ), in the northeastern North Island, became a stopping place for American, British, and French deep-sea whalers.
When did Auckland come into existence?
Meanwhile, Hobson moved the seat of government south from the Bay of Islands, bringing Auckland into existence (1840) . In the early 1840s settlement and government began to alarm the Maori.
Where did the Maori go?
Initially the Maori welcomed the newcomers; while the tribes were secure, the European was a useful dependent. Maori went overseas, some as far as England. A northern chief, Hongi Hika, amassed presents in England and exchanged them in Australia for muskets; back in New Zealand he waged devastating war on traditional enemies.
Why did the pearl shell trade decline?
Pearl shell attracted traders to the Tuamotus in 1807, and the sandalwood trade declined as supplies were exhausted. However, Europeans in both trades were harsh and sometimes committed atrocities, and pearling declined as islanders began to take reprisals.
Where did the missionaries go?
Christian missionaries traveled to Oceania with the deliberate intention of changing its societies. In 1797 the London Missionary Society (LMS) sent a party to Tahiti. After some vicissitudes the missionaries converted a prominent chief, Pomare II, who controlled the area of Matavai Bay, where European ships had called since Wallis’s landing. The LMS failed in its first attempts in Tonga and the Marquesas, although it was more successful in Huahine (in the Society Islands), the Tuamotus, the Cook Islands, and, later, Samoa. English and American missionaries then tried to win over additional Polynesian chiefs so that the masses would follow. Indigenous converts were sent to other islands to spread the word. In 1823 John Williams of the LMS took Polynesian missionaries to Rarotonga and other islands, and he took Christianity to Samoa in 1830. The Methodists began arriving in Tonga in 1822 and Fiji in 1835. Roman Catholic missionaries began working in New Caledonia in the 1840s, and, at about the same time, the Church of England began to penetrate into Oceania from New Zealand. Meanwhile, Polynesian societies were facing varying degrees of lawlessness and disorder at the hands of European beachcombers and traders. British missionaries responded to the situation by creating missionary kingdoms, whereas the French established direct political control.
Why did the trading community grow?
Beachcombers and castaways preceded missionaries in many of the islands, but trading communities grew partly because of the missionaries’ work in restraining native violence. Those individuals were initially pork traders in Tahiti, but European captains followed valuable cargoes from island to island.
What did missionaries do to the Pacific Island?
Missionaries thus altered political structures, introduced both European goods and the desire for them, and acted as intermediaries between Pacific Island societies and other Europeans —as political advisers, as agents, and as interpreters.
Where did the sandalwood come from?
Those individuals were initially pork traders in Tahiti, but European captains followed valuable cargoes from island to island. When the supply of sandalwood was depleted in Fiji by 1813, the traders then found it in Hawaii in the 1820s, in the New Hebrides in 1825, and in New Caledonia in 1840.
How did the missionary kingdoms address the problems of European lawlessness in the islands?
The missionary kingdoms addressed problems of European lawlessness in the islands by attempting to enforce a scriptural code of law. Although missionaries could not prevent the sale of arms, they could at least ensure that these passed into the hands of friendly chiefs.
When did the missionaries arrive in Fiji?
In Fiji the missionaries who landed in 1835, accompanied by an envoy from George of Tonga, made no headway with the rising chief Cakobau, who was not converted until 1854, when his fortunes were at a low ebb and he needed Tongan support.
What was the key event that affected the colony’s development until the time of the Revolution?
The key event that affected the colony’s development until the time of the Revolution was King George II’s takeover of North Carolina from the heirs of the Lords Proprietors in 1729.
How many people were in North Carolina in 1775?
In 1730, the colony’s population included 30,000 whites and 6,000 blacks, almost all of whom lived along the Coastal Plain; by 1775, the population had grown to 265,000 inhabitants, including 10,000 blacks, and settlement was scattered from the coast to the mountains. By that latter date, North Carolina was the fourth most populous of the thirteen colonies. The population was also among the most diverse with some estimates placing the German population as high as 30 percent.
What happened in 1710?
By 1710, the new sparsely settled province had a capital at Edenton. But the migration caused growing alarm among the Indian populations resulting in a conflict that raged on and off for four years concluding in 1715 with the decimation of the Indians and the opening up of additional land to white settlement.
What ethnic groups were in the Piedmont?
These newcomers included a variety of ethnic and religious groups, including Quakers, German Lutherans, German Moravians, and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and Baptists. Settling primarily in the Piedmont, they contrasted with the mostly English and African coastal areas and, in fact, had little contact with those areas.
Where did the Great Wagon Road begin?
As land grew scarce in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia after 1730, migrants trekked down the Great Wagon road which began near Philadelphia and extended southwestward to the Shenandoah Valley before veering east into the North and South Carolina Piedmont.
Where did the migrations begin in NC?
There were 3 main migrations routes into NC. First was the Kings Highway, which began in Boston, MA and traveled alon the coast dpwm to Charleston, SC. One of thhe stops on the route was Fredericksburg, VA. There were 2 other routes that went further west into NC - the Fall line Road and the Upper Road.
What was the first European settlement in the United States?
The first settlement established in what is now U.S. territory was Caparra, the first capital of Puerto Rico, established in 1508. Plymouth, established in 1620 in present-day Massachusetts, was the colony of the so-called Pilgrims.
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
To this day, the fate of England’s first colony in the present-day U.S., now called the Lost Colony, is a mystery. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America, was established during the reign of King James I of England. Image credit: Paul van Somer I/Public domain. The English again tried to establish a permanent settlement ...
What was the capital of the Virginia colony in 1620?
Additional English colonies were established from 1607 onward. One significant settlement was founded in 1620, in what is now the State of Massachusetts. It was called Plymouth.
What colony did the Pilgrims settle in?
Plymouth, established in 1620 in present-day Massachusetts, was the colony of the so-called Pilgrims. “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue,” so the story goes. But Columbus did not sail to what is today the United States. It would take a few more years before Europeans started settling in what became the U.S.
Where was the first Spanish colony?
Spanish Colonies. Juan Ponce De Leon statue in old San Juan, Puerto Rico. Image credit: Songquan Deng/Shutterstock.com. The first colony in what is now American territory was established in Puerto Rico, on the northeast edge of the island in present-day Guaynabo.
What was the first success for France in establishing a permanent settlement in today’s U.S.A.?
It too was taken by Spanish forces, who murdered the French settlers. But in 1604, the French colony of Acadia was established, part of which was in present-day Maine. It would be the first success for France in establishing a permanent settlement in today’s U.S.A.
When did the English settle in Virginia?
The English again tried to establish a permanent settlement in what is now the U.S. in 1607, when they founded a colony they named Jamestown. On May 14, 1607 , one hundred English settlers, who called themselves the Virginia Company, settled on the banks of the James River. The nascent colony barely survived its first three years as famine, disease and conflict with local indigenous people took a heavy toll on the English settlement. But relief came in 1610 when a fresh group of settlers and supplies reached the colony. By the 1620s, the settlement was expanding. It would go on to become the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699.
Who was the first European landowner?
Joshua John Moore is recorded as the first European landowner in the area known as the Limestone Plains. On 21 October 1824 he takes out a ticket-of-occupation for 2000 acres on what is to become the site of Canberra.
Who settled the Limestone Plains?
European settlers begin settling the area known as the 'Limestone Plains' following the first recorded visit to the area by Charles Throsby Smith, Joseph Wild and James Vaughan in 1820.
How long have Indigenous people been the custodians of the Australian capital?
For more than 20,000 years Indigenous people have been the traditional custodians of the region known as the Australian Capital Territory, including the hill on which Parliament House now sits.
Why did the population of the Americas drop?
After European contact, the native population of the Americas plummeted by an estimated 80% (from around 50 million in 1492 to eight million in 1650), mostly as the result of outbreaks of Old World disease.
Why did the Dutch want independence?
The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish Empire, due to the inheritance of Charles V of Spain. Many Dutch people converted to Protestantism and sought their political independence from Spain. They were a seafaring nation and built a global empire in regions where the Portuguese had originally explored. In the Dutch Golden Age, it sought colonies. In the Americas, the Dutch conquered the northeast of Brazil in 1630, where the Portuguese had built sugar cane plantations worked by black slave labor from Africa. Prince Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen became the administrator of the colony (1637–43), building a capital city and royal palace, fully expecting the Dutch to retain control of this rich area. As the Dutch had in Europe, it tolerated the presence of Jews and other religious groups in the colony. After Maurits departed in 1643, the Dutch West India Company took over the colony, until it was lost to the Portuguese in 1654. The Dutch retained some territory in Dutch Guiana, now Suriname. The Dutch also seized islands in the Caribbean that Spain had originally claimed but had largely abandoned, including Sint Maarten in 1618, Bonaire in 1634, Curaçao in 1634, Sint Eustatius in 1636, Aruba in 1637, some of which remain in Dutch hands and retain Dutch cultural traditions.
How did the colonization of the Americas affect the Caribbean?
According to scientists from University College London, the colonization of the Americas by Europeans killed so much of the indigenous population that it resulted in climate change and global cooling. Some contemporary scholars also attribute significant indigenous population losses in the Caribbean to the widespread practice of slavery and deadly forced labor in gold and silver mines. Historian, Andrés Reséndez, supports this claim and argues that indigenous populations were smaller previous estimations and "a nexus of slavery, overwork and famine killed more Indians in the Caribbean than smallpox, influenza and malaria."
What was Columbus' first island?
Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and various other Caribbean islands, including Puerto Rico and Cuba.
How many Aztecs died in the Aztecs?
The Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, became Mexico City, the chief city of the " New Spain ". More than an estimated 240,000 Aztecs died during the siege of Tenochtitlan, 100,000 in combat, while 500–1,000 of the Spaniards engaged in the conquest died.
What countries were involved in the colonization of the Americas?
During this period of time, several European empires —primarily Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France —began to explore and claim the natural resources and human capital of the Americas, resulting in the displacement and disestablishment of some Indigenous Nations, and the establishment of several settler-colonial states.
Why was the rapid rate at which Europe grew in wealth and power unforeseeable in the early 15th century?
The rapid rate at which Europe grew in wealth and power was unforeseeable in the early 15th century because it had been preoccupied with internal wars and it was slowly recovering from the loss of its population which was caused by the Black Death. The strength of the Turkish Ottoman Empire held on trade routes to Asia prompted Western European monarchs to search for alternatives, resulting in the voyages of Christopher Columbus and the accidental re-discovery of the " New World ".
What was the area before John Smith's voyage?
This map was created by National Geographic, for the book Voices from Colonial America: Maryland , 1643-1776, to demonstrate what this area was like before John Smith’s voyages as well as the routes of his voyage. Until John Smith's exploratory voyages of the Chesapeake Bay in 1608 and 1609 opened the region to European settlement, the land belonged to the Piscataways, Choptanks, and other Algonquian peoples, as it had for thousands of years. Choice land on the eastern and western shores of the bay was snapped up by colonists and turned into large English farms.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided their spheres of influence in the "New World" of the Americas. Grades. 6 - 12+.
What was the name of the area where the Native Americans lived before the arrival of the Europeans?
People lived in the area called New England long before the first Europeans arrived. The lives of these Native Americans—part of the Algonquian language group—would be forever changed by the arrival of English colonists.
What did Native Americans call their home?
Native Americans called the land of the southeast their home for thousands of years before European colonization. The settlement of the Carolinas brought about a drastic change to their lives.
Where did the Spanish invade?
The invasion of the North American continent and its peoples began with the Spanish in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida, then British in 1587 when the Plymouth Company established a settlement that they dubbed Roanoke in present-day Virginia. This first settlement failed mysteriously and in 1606, the London Company established a presence in what would become Jamestown, Virginia. From there, the French founded Quebec in 1608, then the Dutch started a colony in 1609 in present-day New York. While Native Americans resisted European efforts to amass land and power during this period, they struggled to do so while also fighting new diseases introduced by the Europeans and the slave trade.
When did the French and Dutch start colonizing New York?
From there, the French founded Quebec in 1608, then the Dutch started a colony in 1609 in present-day New York. While Native Americans resisted European efforts to amass land and power during this period, they struggled to do so while also fighting new diseases introduced by the Europeans and the slave trade.
Which countries established colonies in North America?
Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands established colonies in North America. Each country had different motivations for colonization and expectations about the potential benefits. Grades. 3 - 12+.
