Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Transatlantic Slave Trade brought twelve million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World as part of a broad exchange of trade goods between England, West Africa
West Africa
West Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, the Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, as well as the U…
Full Answer
What was the transatlantic slave trade?
transatlantic slave trade, segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century.
Did You benefit from the Transpacific Airlines class action settlement?
A near $50 million Transpacific Airlines class action settlement has been expanded to include four more airlines. If you purchased a plane ticket between Jan. 1, 2000 and Dec. 1, 2016 that included a flight that started in the United States and flew to Asia or Oceania, you may benefit from the Transpacific Airlines class action settlement.
When will I receive my TransPacific Airlines settlement check?
According to the Transpacific Airlines settlement website, settlement payments were mailed to approved claimants on March 17, 2022. Let Top Class Actions know when you receive a check in the comments section below or on our Facebook page. The All Nippon Airways Class Action Settlement was granted final approval on Dec. 3, 2019.
Where did the goods flow in the Transatlantic Trade?
Goods and people flowed from Europe, Africa, and North America in the system of transatlantic trade.
Who purchased Africans during the transatlantic slave trade?
How many slaves were transported across the Atlantic Ocean?
How many Africans were in the Americas before 1600?
What happened to the slave ship Zong?
Why were Africans allowed to go outside on the upper decks?
What was the second stage of the triangular trade?
How many miles did the Africans travel?
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About this website
What is Transpacific airline settlement?
A $39.5 million price-fixing class action settlement has been reached with eight out of 13 airlines accused of conspiring to fix the prices of airline tickets for travel between the United States and Asia/Oceania. As a result, ticket purchasers may have paid more than necessary.
How long does it take to get a settlement check from class action?
Some class action lawsuits can take as little as a few months and as long as several years. These kinds of cases can typically take around two or three years to be resolved, while others can take even longer. When court rulings are appealed, the process gets further prolonged.
Do you pay taxes on a class action settlement?
Oftentimes, the nature of a class action suit determines if the lawsuit settlement can be taxable. Lawsuit settlement proceeds are taxable in situations where the lawsuit is not involved with physical harm, discrimination of any kind, loss of income, or devaluation of an investment.
Why do lawyers take so long to settle a case?
There are legal or factual issues to resolve Cases may also take a long time to settle if there are important legal or factual questions that have not been resolved. Factual disputes can be questions about: who was at fault for the accident, or. the true cost of your medical care and lost wages.
How long does it take to get paid after a settlement?
While rough estimates usually put the amount of time to receive settlement money around four to six weeks after a case it settled, the amount of time leading up to settlement will also vary. There are multiple factors to consider when asking how long it takes to get a settlement check.
How long does it take to get a settlement offer?
The average settlement negotiation takes one to three months once all relevant variables are presented. However, some settlements can take much longer to resolve. By partnering with skilled legal counsel, you can speed up the negotiation process and secure compensation faster.
How long does it take to receive compensation after accepting offer?
In some cases, insurers will process the compensation payout within a few days. In most cases, though, you will have to wait between two and four weeks to receive your compensation.
How long after deposition is settlement?
You should expect at least six weeks for a simple case. However, if anything is contested, it could take longer to reach a settlement if one is reached at all. Negotiations are arguably the most variable stage in a lawsuit, so they often take a long time.
Transatlantic Slave Trade | Key Facts | Britannica
List of important facts regarding the transatlantic slave trade. From the 16th to the 19th century, this segment of the global slave trade transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Black Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
The transatlantic slave trade overview - BBC Bitesize
Find out about the transatlantic slave trade with BBC Bitesize History. For students between the ages of 11 and 14.
What were the consequences of the colonial trade with Europeans?
Trade with Europeans led to far-reaching consequences among Native American communities, including warfare, cultural change, and disease. Although the British government attempted to control colonial trade through measures like the Navigation Acts, it only sporadically enforced trade laws.
How did the Atlantic economy affect Native Americans?
The bustling Atlantic economy also affected the lives of Native Americans—even those who never directly interacted with Europeans. Native Americans prized the guns and metal tools (knives, hoes, and kettles) that Europeans provided, as well as alcohol and glass beads that served in religious ceremonies. European traders prized the animal skins that Native American hunters provided: beaver furs in the North and deerskins in the South. Furs were especially convenient New World commodities because native communities did all the work of hunting and processing the pelts.
How did the colonies help the mercantilists?
Establishing colonies promoted mercantilist goals in two ways: first, the colonies ensured the mother country had a cheap supply of raw materials (timber, sugar, tobacco, furs, just to name a few), and second, the colonies served as a captive market for finished goods (furniture, guns, metal implements).
How did the colonists promote mercantilism?
Establishing colonies promoted mercantilist goals in two ways: first, the colonies ensured the mother country had a cheap supply of raw materials (timber, sugar, tobacco, furs, just to name a few), and second, the colonies served as a captive market for finished goods (furniture, guns, metal implements). In other words, colonies existed to sell things to the mother country and to buy things from it, and the government made its profit by taxing and imposing customs duties on trade.
What was the result of mercantilism?
Mercantilism led to the emergence of what’s been called the “ triangular trade ” : a system of exchange in which Europe supplied Africa and the Americas with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved laborers.
What was the purpose of the triangular trade?
During the colonial era, Britain and its colonies engaged in a “ triangular trade ,” shipping natural resources, goods, and people across the Atlantic Ocean in an effort to enrich the mother country.
How did the British government control colonial trade?
Although the British government attempted to control colonial trade through measures like the Navigation Acts , it only sporadically enforced trade laws.
Where did the transatlantic slave trade occur?
The trans-Atlantic slave trade occurred within a broader system of trade between West and Central Africa, Western Europe, and North and South America. In African ports, European traders exchanged metals, cloth, beads, guns, and ammunition for captive Africans brought to the coast from the African interior, primarily by African traders.
Who dominated the early transatlantic slave trade on the African coast in the sixteenth century?
Throughout this early period, African leaders and European competitors ultimately prevented these attempts at African colonization from becoming as extensive as in the Americas. The Portuguese dominated the early trans-Atlantic slave trade on the African coast in the sixteenth century. As a result, other European nations first gained access ...
Why did Europeans want to colonize Africa?
While European-backed Africans had their own political or economic reasons for fighting with other African enemies, the end result for Europeans traders in these military alliances was greater access to enslaved war captives. To a lesser extent, Europeans also pursued African colonization to secure access to slaves and other goods. For example, the Portuguese colonized portions of Angola in 1571 with the help of military alliances from Kongo, but were pushed out in 1591 by their former allies. Throughout this early period, African leaders and European competitors ultimately prevented these attempts at African colonization from becoming as extensive as in the Americas.
How did privateering affect the transatlantic slave trade?
In this way, privateering generated a market interest in the trans-Atlantic slave trade across European colonies in the Americas. After Portugal temporarily united with Spain in 1580, the Spanish broke up the Portuguese slave trade monopoly by offering direct slave trading contracts to other European merchants.
Where did the slaves live in Africa?
European traders then held the enslaved Africans who survived in fortified slave castles such as Elmina in the central region (now Ghana), Goree Island (now in present day Senegal), and Bunce Island (now in present day Sierra Leone), ...
What did the Portuguese do to the slave trade?
Over time, the Portuguese developed additional slave trade partnerships with African leaders along the West and Central African coast and claimed a monopoly over these relationships, which initially limited access to the trade for other western European competitors. Despite Portuguese claims, African leaders enforced their own local laws and customs in negotiating trade relations. Many welcomed additional trade with Europeans from other nations.
What did Portugal do to help African slaves?
The Portuguese primarily acquired slaves for labor on Atlantic African island plantations, and later for plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean, though they also sent a small number to Europe. Initially, Portuguese explorers attempted to acquire African labor through direct raids along the coast, but they found that these attacks were costly and often ineffective against West and Central African military strategies.
What is the Transatlantic relationship?
The Transatlantic relationship is built on a foundation of shared democratic values. NATO’s strength comes not only from its military might, but also its unity and common purpose founded on respect for democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law, as enshrined in the Washington Treaty.
When will NATO adopt its new strategic concept?
The new Strategic Concept will be prepared for adoption at the NATO Summit in 2022.
How did NATO help the world?
NATO played a pivotal role in coordinating the civilian response to COVID-19, airlifting hundreds of tons of critical supplies around the world and building almost 100 field hospitals, while maintaining its deterrence and defense posture . This assistance is saving lives and proves that defense investment and capacity building increase our nations’ resilience in the face of all kinds of crises, not only against military threats.
When is the NATO Summit 2021?
– President Biden, February 19, 2021. President Biden will participate on June 14 in the NATO Summit in Brussels that brings together the leaders of all 30 Allied nations. During the Summit, the President will reaffirm the enduring Transatlantic bond ...
When did the Wales pledge come into effect?
defense spending has risen for seven consecutive years since the Wales Defense Investment Pledge adopted during the Obama-Biden Administration in 2014. Allied leaders will recommit to the Wales Pledge in its entirety and to providing NATO with cash, capabilities, and contributions of ready forces.
Why do allies invest in NATO?
Investing in NATO: Allies will also commit to ensuring NATO is led, staffed, and resourced at levels necessary to deliver on the decisions taken at the Summit. Leaders will agree to identify the additional resources, including through NATO common funding, to enhance NATO’s ability to meet security challenges today and in the future.
Abstract
In this chapter we look deeper into the specific case of Global Northerners who migrate within the Global North. Their case is used as an illustration of the complexities of highly skilled migration; these complexities impact lives of even the seemingly privileged mobile skilled people moving within the trans-Atlantic space of freer movement.
Brain Flows in the Transatlantic Context
As discussed in Chap. 3, the impacts of highly skilled migration on countries of origin and destination can have various facets. In the transatlantic context, issues of brain drain have not been studied in any systematic way in the last 50 years or so. There is a widely shared acceptance of the fact that the “brain trade” (Franzoni et al.
Author information
Institute of European and Russian Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Rights and permissions
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author (s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made..
About this chapter
Weinar, A., Klekowski von Koppenfels, A. (2020). Highly-Skilled Migrants in the Transatlantic Space: Between Settlement and Mobility. In: Highly-Skilled Migration: Between Settlement and Mobility . IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42204-2_4
Where is Transpacific Air Settlement located?
To get more information, including the precise terms and conditions of the Settlement, please see the Settlement Agreement on this website’s Court Documents page, by calling 1-800-439-1781, or by writing to: Transpacific Air Settlement, P.O. Box 2209, Faribault, MN 55021-1609, USA.
When do settlement class members receive their payments?
Settlement Class Members who are entitled to payments will receive their payments after the Court grants final approval to the Settlement and after any appeals are resolved (see “The Fairness Hearing” section). If there are appeals, resolving them can take time. Determination letters will be sent prior to the distribution of Settlement payments to those who filed a claim. To save time and money, payments will be made at the conclusion of the case. Please be patient.
What is the lawsuit against ANA and JAL?
The lawsuit also claims that ANA and JAL agreed to fix the prices of airline tickets and/or fuel surcharges for travel between the United States and Japan. The lawsuit claims that ANA and JAL agreed to institute and raise fuel surcharges on airline tickets between February 1, 2005 and December 31, 2007, and to fix the prices of airline tickets on certain fare s called Satogaeri or "homecoming" fares, which are discount fares marketed to Japanese people living in the U.S. for travel to Japan between January 1, 2000 and April 1, 2006. As a result, ticket purchasers may have paid more than was necessary.
What are the three settlement classes?
There are three separate Classes included in the Settlement: the Japan Class, the Satogaeri Class, and the Settlement Class III: Japan Settlement Class: All persons and entities that directly purchased tickets for passenger air transportation from JAL or ANA, or any predecessor, subsidiary or affiliate thereof, ...
What is class action?
What is a class action? In a class action, one or more people called class representatives sue on behalf of a group or a “class” of people who have similar claims. In a class action, the court resolves the issues for all class members, except for those who exclude themselves from the class.
When did the ANA fix the price of tickets?
ANA has pled guilty to fixing the prices of certain discounted tickets for transpacific air transportation sold in the United States from at least as early as April 1, 2000 until at least April 1, 2004.
Can you ask the court to approve a settlement?
You can’t ask the Court to order a different settlement; the Court can only approve or reject the settlement. If the Court denies approval, no settlement payments will be sent out and the lawsuit will continue. If that is what you want to happen, you must object.
What is national settlement?
The National Settlement Service is a multilateral settlement service owned and operated by the Federal Reserve Banks. The service is offered to depository institutions that settle for participants in clearinghouses, financial exchanges and other clearing and settlement groups. Settlement agents acting on behalf of those depository institutions electronically submit settlement files to the Federal Reserve Bank. Files are processed on receipt, and, subject to certain risk controls, entries are automatically posted to the depository institutions’ Federal Reserve Bank account. Entries are final and irrevocable when posted. The terms and conditions under which Federal Reserve Banks provide the National Settlement for participants are contained in Operating Circular 12.
When was the National Settlement Service implemented?
Implemented in March 1999, the National Settlement Service combines the immediate finality of our Fedwire Funds Service with the operational simplicity of settlement sheets. As a result, it provides you with a low-risk, nationwide settlement solution.
Who is not authorized to respond to questions from members of the Settlement Classes regarding the settlement?
This site is not operated by the Defendants or Co-Conspirators. The class actions are supervised by the Court and are administered by an administration firm that handles all aspects of claims processing. The Defendants or Co-Conspirators are not authorized to respond to questions from members of the Settlement Classes regarding the Settlements.
How many defendants are there in the Transpacific Air Travel lawsuit?
The transpacific air travel lawsuit involves thirteen Defendants. Please note that settlements were previously reached in 2015 with eight of the Defendants and in 2018 with four of the Defendants.
Who purchased Africans during the transatlantic slave trade?
During the early years of the transatlantic slave trade, the Portuguese generally purchased Africans who had been taken as slaves during tribal wars.
How many slaves were transported across the Atlantic Ocean?
Transatlantic slave trade, segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century. It was the second of three stages of the so-called triangular trade, in which arms, textiles, and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, ...
How many Africans were in the Americas before 1600?
Probably no more than a few hundred thousand Africans were taken to the Americas before 1600. In the 17th century, however, demand for slave labour rose sharply with the growth of sugar plantations in the Caribbean and tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region in North America.
What happened to the slave ship Zong?
In an infamous incident of the slave ship Zong in 1781, when both Africans and crew members were dying of an infectious disease, Capt. Luke Collingwood, hoping to stop the disease, ordered that more than 130 Africans be thrown overboard. He then filed an insurance claim on the value of the murdered slaves.
Why were Africans allowed to go outside on the upper decks?
Because crews feared insurrection, the Africans were allowed to go outside on the upper decks for only a few hours each day. Historians estimate that between 15 and 25 percent of the African slaves bound for the Americas died aboard slave ships.
What was the second stage of the triangular trade?
It was the second of three stages of the so-called triangular trade, in which arms, textiles, and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, slaves from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee from the Americas to Europe. African captives being transferred to ships along the Slave Coast for the transatlantic slave trade, c. 1880.
How many miles did the Africans travel?
Following capture, the Africans were marched to the coast, a journey that could be as many as 300 miles (485 km). Typically, two captives were chained together at the ankle, and columns of captives were tied together by ropes around their necks.
