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- An increase in the standard of living eventually resulted from urbanization
- Gaps between the wealthy and working-class still remained enormous
- Industrial and urban development made society more diverse and less unified
- Diversity within the middle class
Full Answer
How did the Industrial Revolution change the social structure?
Social structure as a result of Industrial Revolution Increase in standard of living eventually resulted from urbanization Gap between wealthy and working class still remained enormous Industrial and urban development made society more diverse and less unified Diversity within middle class
How did the Industrial Revolution create a new working class?
The Industrial Revolution created a new working class The new class of industrial workers included all the men, women, and children laboring in the textile mills, pottery works, and mines Wages were low, hours were long, and working conditions unpleasant and dangerous
What are the settlement patterns in the United States?
Settlement patterns. Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico.
How did the advent of industrial development change the world?
The advent of industrial development revamped patterns of human settlement, labor, and family life. The changes set in motion by industrialization ushered Europe, the United States of America, and much of the world into the modern era.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect settlement patterns?
The population increase added to the number of people facing difficulties making a living on the land. Many left their agrarian lives behind and headed for towns and cities to find employment. Advances in industry and the growth of factory production accelerated the trend toward urbanization in Britain.
What social changes emerged after the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities.
What social changes were seen in the society during industrialization?
(i) Industrialisation brought men, women and children to factories. (ii) Work hours were often long and wages were poor. (iii) Housing and sanitation problems were growing rapidly. (iv) Almost all industries were properties of individuals.
What were the new social group forms during the Industrial Revolution?
THE WORKING CLASS. The Industrial Revolution in the United States created a new class of wage workers, and this working class also developed its own culture. They formed their own neighborhoods, living away from the oversight of bosses and managers.
What are 5 impacts of the Industrial Revolution?
10 Major Effects of the Industrial Revolution#1 The Factory System. ... #2 Rise of Capitalism. ... #3 Urbanization. ... #4 Exploitation of the Working Class. ... #5 Opportunity and Increase in the standard of living. ... #7 Technological Advancement. ... #8 Rise of Socialism and Marxism. ... #9 Transfer of Wealth and Power to the West.More items...•
What are effects of industrialization?
The effects of industrialization included a significant population growth, the urbanization or expansion of the cities, improved access to food, a growing demand for raw materials and the development of new social classes formed by capitalists, a working class, and eventually a middle class.
What was a major social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolutions? It brought rapid urbanization and created a new industrial middle class and industrial working class. It brought material benefits and new opportunities, but also brought great hardships to factory workers and miners, especially women and children.
What major change took place during the Industrialisation?
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.
How did the growth of Industrialisation change the social and political?
1.As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories. 2. Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities where manufacturing centers were found. 3.
How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for the development?
How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for the development of socialism? Paying women half of what men received caused all of society to rebel and demand socialism to equalize women's pay.
What were the two social classes before the Industrial Revolution?
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most people around the world were peasants, farmers or caught fish. The small class that ruled them were land-owning nobles or aristocrats. The new jobs that industrialization demanded led to two big changes in systems of social class.
What was a major social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolutions? It brought rapid urbanization and created a new industrial middle class and industrial working class. It brought material benefits and new opportunities, but also brought great hardships to factory workers and miners, especially women and children.
What happened to social classes as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
However, industrialization made class structure much more rigid and increased the gap between those classes. There were essentially three different classes that emerged as a result of industrialization: the working class, the middle class, and the super wealthy.
Which social change occurred during the Industrial Revolution quizlet?
Many important social changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution, including the formation of the middle and working classes. These changes affected how and where people lived and worked, as well as how people related to one another within and across social classes.
What is Industrial Revolution and its impact on society?
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.
Where did the Industrial Revolution take place?
Most historians place the origin of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the middle decades of the 18 th century. In the British Isles and most of Europe at this time, most social activity took place in small and medium-sized villages. People rarely traveled far beyond their home village.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
It brought about thorough and lasting transformations, not just in business and economics but in the basic structures of society. Before industrialization, when the most significant economic activities in most European countries were small-scale farming and artisan handicrafts, social structures remained essentially as they had been during the Middle Ages. The advent of industrial development revamped patterns of human settlement, labor, and family life. The changes set in motion by industrialization ushered Europe, the United States of America, and much of the world into the modern era.
How many hours a day did women work in the textile industry?
Their smaller fingers were often better at threading the machinery. Despite routinely working 16 hours a day, or longer, they typically were paid little. Shown here are power looms in the Boott Cotton Mills at Lowell National Historical Park, Massachusetts.
Why did women work in textile mills?
Many British women, including mothers, were employed in the textile mills to help their families make ends meet. Child labor was also rampant in the textile industry during the first century of industrialization. Factory owners appreciated having workers whose fingers were small enough to manipulate delicately threaded machinery.
How did industrialization affect the economy?
Industrialization, along with great strides in transportation, drove the growth of U.S. cities and a rapidly expanding market economy. It also shaped the development of a large working class in U.S. society, leading eventually to labor struggles and strikes led by working men and women.
What were the most important economic activities in most European countries before industrialization?
Before industrialization, when the most significant economic activities in most European countries were small-scale farming and artisan handicrafts, social structures remained essentially as they had been during the Middle Ages. The advent of industrial development revamped patterns of human settlement, labor, and family life.
What was the advantage of large firms that could achieve economies of scale?
Larger firms that could achieve economies of scale held an advantage in the competitive sphere of international trade. In the industrializing world, the new means of production meant the demise of earlier, slower modes of labor and life.
What are the patterns of rural settlement?
Patterns of rural settlement indicate much about the history, economy, society, and minds of those who created them as well as about the land itself. The essential design of rural activity in the United States bears a strong family resemblance to that of other neo-European lands, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, or tsarist Siberia —places that have undergone rapid occupation and exploitation by immigrants intent upon short-term development and enrichment. In all such areas, under novel social and political conditions and with a relative abundance of territory and physical resources, ideas and institutions derived from a relatively stable medieval or early modern Europe have undergone major transformation. Further, these are nonpeasant countrysides, alike in having failed to achieve the intimate symbiosis of people and habitat, the humanized rural landscapes characteristic of many relatively dense, stable, earthbound communities in parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.
How did pre-European settlements affect the United States?
Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico. A benign habitat permitted a huge contiguous tract of settled land to materialize across nearly all the eastern half of the United States and within substantial patches of the West. The vastness of the land, the scarcity of labour, and the abundance of migratory opportunities in a land replete with raw physical resources contributed to exceptional human mobility and a quick succession of ephemeral forms of land use and settlement. Human endeavours have greatly transformed the landscape, but such efforts have been largely destructive. Most of the pre-European landscape in the United States was so swiftly and radically altered that it is difficult to conjecture intelligently about its earlier appearance.
How were townships laid out?
Townships were laid out as blocks, each six by six miles in size, oriented with the compass directions . Thirty-six sections, each one square mile, or 640 acres (260 hectares), in size, were designated within each township; and public roads were established along section lines and, where needed, along half-section lines. At irregular intervals, offsets in survey lines and roads were introduced to allow for the Earth’s curvature. Individual property lines were coincident with, or parallel to, survey lines, and this pervasive rectangularity generally carried over into the geometry of fields and fences or into the townsites later superimposed upon the basic rural survey.
How were farms connected to towns?
Successions of such farms were connected with one another and with the towns by means of a dense, usually rectangular lattice of roads, largely unimproved at the time. The hamlets, villages, and smaller cities were arrayed at relatively regular intervals, with size and affluence determined in large part by the presence and quality of rail service or status as the county seat. But, among people who have been historically rural, individualistic, and antiurban in bias, many services normally located in urban places might be found in rustic settings. Thus, much retail business was transacted by means of itinerant peddlers, while small shops for the fabrication, distribution, or repair of various items were often located in isolated farmsteads, as were many post offices.
How much land did farms have in the 1980s?
By the late 1980s, for example, when the average farm size had surpassed 460 acres, farms containing 2,000 or more acres accounted for almost half of all farmland and 20 percent of the cropland harvested, even though they comprised less than 3 percent of all farms.
What are the characteristics of American settlement?
Another special characteristic of American settlement, one that became obvious only by the mid-20th century, is the convergence of rural and urban modes of life. The farmsteads—and rural folk in general—have become increasingly urbanized, and agricultural operations have become more automated, while the metropolis grows more gelatinous, unfocused, and pseudo-bucolic along its margins.
What is the impression of the settled portion of the American landscape, rural or urban, is one of disorder and inco?
The overall impression of the settled portion of the American landscape, rural or urban, is one of disorder and incoherence, even in areas of strict geometric survey. The individual landscape unit is seldom in visual harmony with its neighbour, so that, however sound in design or construction the single structure may be, the general effect is untidy. These attributes have been intensified by the acute individualism of the American, vigorous speculation in land and other commodities, a strongly utilitarian attitude toward the land and the treasures above and below it, and government policy and law. The landscape is also remarkable for its extensive transportation facilities, which have greatly influenced the configuration of the land.
What was the industrial advance of 1878?
By 1878 the United States had reentered a period of prosperity after the long depression of the mid-1870s. In the ensuing 20 years the volume of industrial production, the number of workers employed in industry, and the number of manufacturing plants all more than doubled. A more accurate index to the scope of this industrial advance may be found in the aggregate annual value of all manufactured goods, which increased from about $5,400,000,000 in 1879 to perhaps $13,000,000,000 in 1899. The expansion of the iron and steel industry, always a key factor in any industrial economy, was even more impressive: from 1880 to 1900 the annual production of steel in the United States went from about 1,400,000 to more than 11,000,000 tons. Before the end of the century, the United States surpassed Great Britain in the production of iron and steel and was providing more than one-quarter of the world’s supply of pig iron.
How much did the value of all manufactured goods increase in 1879?
A more accurate index to the scope of this industrial advance may be found in the aggregate annual value of all manufactured goods, which increased from about $5,400,000,000 in 1879 to perhaps $13,000,000,000 in 1899.
What was the geographic dispersal of industry?
The geographic dispersal of industry was part of a movement that was converting the United States into an industrial nation. It attracted less attention, however, than the trend toward the consolidation of competing firms into large units capable of dominating an entire industry. The movement toward consolidation received special attention in 1882 when Rockefeller and his associates organized the Standard Oil Trust under the laws of Ohio. A trust was a new type of industrial organization, in which the voting rights of a controlling number of shares of competing firms were entrusted to a small group of men, or trustees, who thus were able to prevent competition among the companies they controlled. The stockholders presumably benefited through the larger dividends they received. For a few years the trust was a popular vehicle for the creation of monopolies, and by 1890 there were trusts in whiskey, lead, cottonseed oil, and salt.
How many years did the United States have an unfavourable balance of trade?
When gold and silver are included, there was only one year in the entire period in which the United States had an unfavourable balance of trade; and, as the century drew to a close, the excess of exports over imports increased perceptibly. Agriculture continued to furnish the bulk of U.S. exports.
What was the major industry in the midwest?
Meat-packing, which in the years after 1875 became one of the major industries of the nation in terms of the value of its products, was almost a Midwestern monopoly, with a large part of the industry concentrated in Chicago. Flour milling, brewing, and the manufacture of farm machinery and lumber products were other important Midwestern industries.
What are the major inventions of the modern world?
A series of major inventions, including the telephone, typewriter, linotype, phonograph, electric light, cash register, air brake, refrigerator car, and the automobile, became the bases for new industries, while many of them revolutionized the conduct of business. The use of petroleum products in industry as well as for domestic heating ...
Where was the iron and steel industry located?
Two-thirds of the iron and steel industry was concentrated in the area of western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. After 1880, however, the development of iron mines in northern Minnesota (the Vermilion Range in 1884 and the Mesabi Range in 1892) and in Tennessee and northern Alabama was followed by the expansion of the iron and steel industry in the Chicago area and by the establishment of steel mills in northern Alabama and in Tennessee.