Full Answer
What happened to the black settlements of South Africa?
Those Black-established settlements that survived tended to be subordinated politically and economically to the colonial centres established alongside them, as at Mafikeng. European colonization of South Africa began with towns, Cape Town being the first, in 1652.
What was the first European settlement in South Africa?
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA. The first permanent European settlement was established by the Dutch on 06 April 1652, when they established a garrisoned trading station at Table Bay. On that April day, Jan van Riebeeck arrived with 3 ships and a company of 90 men, women and children.
How did the Europeans affect the African population?
They penetrated deep into south-central Africa, decimating the elephant populations with their firearms. By 1850 they were in Luvale and Lozi country and were penetrating the southern Congo forests. European penetration into Southern Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What is urban settlement in South Africa?
Urban settlement. Urban settlement in South Africa originated both as concentrations of population around the political centres of African chiefdoms and kingdoms and as towns established by European colonizers. For reasons of water availability and land-use patterns, Sotho-Tswana peoples of the interior generally lived in large settlements, ...
What are some results of European colonization in South Africa?
Colonies of settlement They took complete control of new areas by force and imposed European laws. These settlers often excluded indigenous inhabitants from their society or killed many of them in violent wars or through disease.
What is European settlement in South Africa?
Cape TownEuropean contact The first European settlement in southern Africa was established by the Dutch East India Company in Table Bay (Cape Town) in 1652. Created to supply passing ships with fresh produce, the colony grew rapidly as Dutch farmers settled to grow crops.
How did European settlement impact South African societies?
Colonialism made African colonies dependent by introducing a mono- cultural economy for the territories. It also dehumanized African labour force and traders. It forced Africans to work in colonial plantations at very low wages and displaced them from their lands.
What was a result of European settlement in South Africa in the early 1900s a new constitution denied settlers the right?
What was a result of European settlement in South Africa in the early 1900s? A new constitution denied settlers the right to vote.
Why did so many Europeans settle in South Africa?
The first Europeans to enter Southern Africa were the Portuguese, who from the 15th century edged their way around the African coast in the hope of outflanking Islam, finding a sea route to the riches of India, and discovering additional sources of food.
Who named South Africa?
The name "South Africa" is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation, the country was named the Union of South Africa in English and Unie van Zuid-Afrika in Dutch, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies.
Which of the following were effects of European rule in Africa?
European languages became official languages. Some educational systems were established. African colonies were created along arbitrary lines.
What effects did colonialism have on South Africa?
With colonialism, which began in South Africa in 1652, came the Slavery and Forced Labour Model. This was the original model of colonialism brought by the Dutch in 1652, and subsequently exported from the Western Cape to the Afrikaner Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek.
What were the 4 main reasons that Europe colonized Africa?
The major reasons for the colonization of Africa by the Europeans are the search for new markets, the need to obtain raw materials, the desire to invest surplus capital outside Europe, and the claim that Africans needed to be civilized through western education and religion.
What was a result of European settlement?
As Europeans established their colonies, their societies also became segmented and divided along religious and racial lines. Most people in these societies were not free; they labored as servants or slaves, doing the work required to produce wealth for others.
How did Africa's economy change as a result of European imperialism in the late 19th century?
Europeans changed the economy from a model of producing foods for need to mainly the production of cash crops. All crops produced by Africans were exported and prices were set by the colonies. Africans were not allowed to grow these cash crops to benefit themselves.
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909? a parliamentary government that excluded many citizens.
What was the European settlement?
The invasion of the North American continent and its peoples began with the Spanish in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida, then British in 1587 when the Plymouth Company established a settlement that they dubbed Roanoke in present-day Virginia.
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909? a parliamentary government that excluded many citizens.
Where was the European imperialism in South Africa?
As the map shows, England came to be a dominant power in southern Africa, with only two Portuguese and French colonies in the region. France took control of most parts of West Africa. Colonial rule was the result of competition among European countries for control of African resources.
Who was the first white person in South Africa?
The first white settlement in South Africa occurred on the Cape under the control of the Dutch East India company. The foothold established by Jan van Riebeck following his arrival with three ships on 6th April 1652 was usually taken in Afrikaner accounts to be the start of the 'history' of South Africa.
Why did Britain annex the Cape?
The main impulse behind Britain’s annexation was to protect its sea route to India.
How many slaves were exported from Africa in the 17th century?
In the 17th century some 10,000 to 12,000 slaves were exported annually from Luanda.
What was the flow of slaves in the 1840s?
The flow of slaves was augmented by turmoil in the interior of Southern Africa and by slaves captured by the Chikunda soldiers of the Zambezi warlords; by the 1840s rival Zambezi armies were competing to control the trade routes to south-central Africa.
How did the slave trade affect the Ndongo?
Accounts of Ndongo as rich and populous in the 16th century gave way to lamentations about its desolation in the 17th. The processes of border raids, wars of conquest, and civil strife, which affected the Ndongo and then the kingdoms of the Kwango River valley in the 17th century, were repeated to the south and east in the course of the 18th century as the slave frontier expanded. The ending of more overt violence as the slave frontier moved on left the weak—women, children, and the poor—vulnerable to innumerable personal acts of kidnapping and betrayal, a process exacerbated by the indebtedness of local traders to coastal merchants and the dependence of the traders on the transatlantic economy.
What was the most important export in Africa?
Ivory became the most important export from west-central Africa, satisfying the growing demand in Europe. The western port of Benguela was the main outlet, and the Ovimbundu and Chokwe, renowned hunters, were the major suppliers.
Where did the slave trade take place?
In the first decades of the 19th century, slave traders for the French sugar plantations in Réunion and Mauritius, who had previously drawn the majority of their slaves from Madagascar, turned their attentions to the coast of Mozambique, while the demand from Cuba and Brazil also escalated. Thus, by the late 1820s Mozambique’s slave exports were outstripping those of Angola, with demand from the French islands rivaling that of Brazil by the 1830s. The flow of slaves was augmented by turmoil in the interior of Southern Africa and by slaves captured by the Chikunda soldiers of the Zambezi warlords; by the 1840s rival Zambezi armies were competing to control the trade routes to south-central Africa.
When did the ivory trade collapse?
By the mid 19th century the advent of firearms led to a vast increase in the volume of the ivory trade, though the trade collapsed as the elephants were nearly exterminated by the 1880s. By then, traders from Angola, the Cape Colony, and Walvis Bay sought cattle as well as ivory. With the firearms acquired through the trade, ...
When was the first European settlement in South Africa?
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA. The first permanent European settlement was established by the Dutch on 06 April 1652, when they established a garrisoned trading station at Table Bay. On that April day, Jan van Riebeeck arrived with 3 ships and a company of 90 men, women and children.
What was the name of the colony of South Africa in 1910?
These discoveries brought an influx of fortune seekers. Prior to the Union of South Africa in 1910, the country consisted of: - the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. - the colony of Natal. - Zululand (which included Tongaland) administered as part of Natal.
What was the name of the colony of Zululand?
The Colony of Natal, subdivided into counties and districts, and Zululand, formed a political unit until Union, when Zululand, including Tongaland, became a part of Natal. Natal and Zululand were separated by the lower reaches of the Tugela River and the Buffalo River, until the Utrecht and Vryheid areas were annexed by the Transvaal (later South African) Republic. At a later stage these two districts became known as Northern Natal.
What were the two districts of the Transvaal?
At the end of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) the magisterial districts of the Transvaal were: Waterberg, Zoutpansberg, Rustenburg, Marico, Lichtenburg, Potchefstroom, Pretoria, Krugersdorp, Middelburg, Lijdenburg (Lydenburg), Heidelburg, Standerton, Carolina, Ermelo, Wakkerstroom, ...
What was the name of the new country after 1902?
After 1902 the Districts of Utrecht and Vrijheid (The New Republic) were annexed to Natal, and became known as Northern Natal.
Why did Jan van Riebeeck bring slaves to the Cape?
Jan van Riebeeck brought in slaves from places such as Java, Madagascar and Angola to work on the farms.
How many immigrants arrived in 1820?
From 1820 to 1824, about 4 500 immigrants arrived from Ireland, England and Scotland.
Why did the Portuguese expand into Africa?
Portuguese expansion into Africa began with the desire of King John I to gain access to the gold-producing areas of West Africa. The trans-Saharan trade routes between Songhay and the North African traders provided Europe with gold coins used to trade spices, silks and other luxuries from India. At the time there was a shortage of gold and rumours were spreading that there were states in the south of Africa which had gold. This news encouraged King John's son, Prince Henry, to send out expeditions to explore these possibilities.
Who was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa?
Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo River in 1483 and Cape Cross in 1486. Bartholomeu Dias was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa.
What did the colonists use to crush resistance?
In exploitation colonies, the colonisers used force to crush resistance and maintain control. They did not displace or kill indigenous societies; instead they made use of their labour. Colonies of exploitation included Indonesia and Malaya in South-East Asia, and Nigeria and Ghana in West Africa.
What were the colonies like in the early stages of colonization?
In the early stages of colonisation, colonies were mainly trading stations. At first, Portugal and Holland were more interested in trade than settling people in colonies. They built forts along the coastline of Africa and Asia to protect their trade and did not try to control land in the interior.
What spices did the Europeans use to preserve their meat?
Europeans used spices such as salt, nutmeg and cloves to preserve their meat, as they did not have refrigerators to keep meat fresh. During the fifteenth century the Portuguese began to explore the west coast of Africa.
Where did the gold trade originate?
Well-established gold and ivory trade network existed between African kingdoms in the interior and cities on the east coast of Africa. For centuries Arabs had traded with African kingdoms such as Great Zimbabwe and Mwanamutapa in order to supply Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India and even China with African ivory and gold. The Arab settlers intermarried with the indigenous African people living along the east coast. They introduced Islam and influenced the development of the Swahili language. A new coastal society emerged that was a mixture of African and Islamic traditions. This prosperous society built beautiful cities along the coastline from where they conducted trade with Arab merchants. The most important of these cities were Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombasa, Mozambique Island and Sofala.
When did Amerigo Vespucci discover the new world?
At the same time Amerigo Vespucci claimed to have discovered a 'New World' in 1497 when he landed on the continent of South America. These discoveries resulted in European colonisation during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Why did the Tswana people settle in South Africa?
For reasons of water availability and land-use patterns, Sotho-Tswana peoples of the interior generally lived in large settlements, the largest having tens of thousands of inhabitants, while coastal Nguni peoples lived in a more dispersed manner. The defeat of Black polities by whites and their allies, particularly during the 19th century, led to the abandonment or destruction of capitals such as Dithakong, a Tswana stronghold in what is now Northern Cape, and Ulundi, a major Zulu royal village in central Zululand (now northern KwaZulu-Natal). Those Black-established settlements that survived tended to be subordinated politically and economically to the colonial centres established alongside them, as at Mafikeng.
What happened in South Africa in the early 21st century?
In the early 21st century, South Africa saw an increase in the number of immigrants and refugees from other African countries fleeing political persecution or seeking greater economic prospects, especially from neighbouring Zimbabwe. Andries Nel Alan S. Mabin Christopher C. Lowe. Load Next Page.
What was the result of the defeat of the Black polities by whites and their allies?
The defeat of Black polities by whites and their allies, particularly during the 19th century, led to the abandonment or destruction of capitals such as Dithakong, a Tswana stronghold in what is now Northern Cape, and Ulundi, a major Zulu royal village in central Zululand (now northern KwaZulu-Natal).
What did South African cities show?
South African cities have shown a measure of racial segregation in residence since their colonial foundation. Settler-founded towns contained a majority of white inhabitants until the discovery of diamonds and gold in the late 19th century initiated the industrial revolution.
What was the population of Cape Town in 1865?
Until the 1860s all South African towns were small; the largest, Cape Town, had a population of fewer than 40,000 in 1865. Urbanization accelerated rapidly from the 1870s as railway building, mining, and economic expansion proceeded. Although the population of the Cape Town metropolitan area reached 130,000 by the turn of the 20th century, ...
What were the Dutch towns?
The Dutch established a few colonial towns in the south and southwest, including Stellenbosch, Tulbagh, Graaff-Reinet, and Swellendam. New towns such as Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown, Beaufort West, and Durban were created more rapidly with the advent of British rule at the start of the 19th century. The Great Trek of Dutch farmers ...
