Australia's Oldest European Settlements
- Sydney. Sydney, Australia’s most populated city and the state capital of New South Wales, has a long history as it is the earliest European settlement in the country.
- Parramatta. Parramatta is considered to be the second earliest European settlement in Australia after Sydney. ...
- Kingston. Kingston is the capital of Australia’s Norfolk Island. ...
- Windsor. ...
Who were the first European settlers of Australia?
Who were the first settlers of Australia from Europe?
- Black Snake Inn, Granton 1839. ( D'Umont d'Urville expedition)
- William Smith.
- Mary Ann Lawrence by Henry Mundy, 1841.
- Immigrants arriving at Hunter Island (now Hunter Street), Hobart Town Van Diemen's Land, by George Frankland c1827.
Was Australia settled or invaded by the Europeans?
It states: “Australia was not settled peacefully, it was invaded, occupied and colonised. Describing the arrival of the Europeans as a ‘settlement’ attempts to view Australian history from the shores of England rather than the shores of Australia.” Invasion. The invasion of Aboriginal lands in 1770 – and Aboriginal resistance to it ...
What was unusual about the first European settlers in Australia?
what was unusual about the first european settlers in australia? Indigenous South Americans had advanced metallurgy and worked platinum with sintering method prior to contact with the European settlers. Platinum has a melting point of 3218 F. Europeans were unable to work platinum until the 19th century.
How did Australia change after European settlement?
Since European settlement in 1788, the way in which people use the land has significantly changed Australia's natural systems and landscapes. Some land management practices place enormous pressures on the land which can result in damage to ecosystems, reductions in biodiversity and degradation of soils and waterways.
Who were the first European settlers in Australia?
While Indigenous Australians have inhabited the continent for tens of thousands of years, and traded with nearby islanders, the first documented landing on Australia by a European was in 1606. The Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon landed on the western side of Cape York Peninsula and charted about 300 km of coastline.
Which Europeans first settled Australia and why?
The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was in 1606 by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon. Later that year, Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through, and navigated, what is now called Torres Strait and associated islands.
Which ethnic group first settled Australia?
Aboriginal Australians could be the oldest population of humans living outside of Africa, where one theory says they migrated from in boats 70,000 years ago. Australia's first people—known as Aboriginal Australians—have lived on the continent for over 50,000 years.
What was Australia called in 1788?
New South WalesAfter the Dutch era Cook first named the land New Wales, but revised it to New South Wales. With the establishment of a settlement at Sydney in 1788, the British solidified its claim to the eastern part of Australia, now officially called New South Wales.
Why did the British settle in Australia?
Australia, once known as New South Wales, was originally planned as a penal colony. In October 1786, the British government appointed Arthur Phillip captain of the HMS Sirius, and commissioned him to establish an agricultural work camp there for British convicts.
Why did the British colonize Australia?
The reasons that led the British to invade Australia were simple. The prisons in Britain had become unbearably overcrowded, a situation worsened by the refusal of America to take any more convicts after the American War of Independence in 1783.
Why did the Dutch not colonize Australia?
No profit means no trading posts and no trading posts means no colonization in the 19th century (as happened in Indonesia). The Dutch did end up colonizing South Africa, which has a climate suitable for European agriculture the same as Australia.
What was unusual about the first European settlers in Australia?
What was unusual about the first European settlers in Australia? They were convicted criminals sent to a penal colony.
What is the second earliest European settlement in Australia?
Parramatta is considered to be the second earliest European settlement in Australia after Sydney. The British founded both Sydney and Parramatta in 1788. Today, the latter is a suburb and major business hub in the Sydney metropolitan area.
When did the Australians first come to Sydney?
Before the British arrived in Sydney, the area was already inhabited by about 4,000 to 8,000 people.The Indigenous Australians and Europeans first came in contact with one another on April 29, 1770, when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay.
What is the capital of Australia?
Kingston is the capital of Australia’s Norfolk Island. As one of the oldest towns in the country, Kingston is associated with great cultural and historical significance. The town was established on March 6, 1788 by Lieutenant Philip Gidley King and of its first 22 settlers, 9 male, and 6 female convicts were also included.
Why is Kingston called Sydney?
Initially, Kingston was known as Sydney Bay or Sidney and was later called the Town of Sydney to honor the British Home Secretary, Viscount Sydney. The old town of Kingston today exists as several irregular winding lanes at the Kingston Pier’s head.
Where is the oldest town in Australia?
4. Windsor. Windsor, one of the oldest towns in Australia is located in New South Wales to the northwest of Sydney. The town is based on banks of the Hawkesbury River and houses a population of 1,803. European settlement in Windsor first started in about 1791 ...
When was Parramatta first settled?
Soon, by November 2, 1788 , a settlement in the region was started. It was initially called George Rose but later the original indigenous name, Parramatta was used again. The first grain in Australia was cultivated here and also the site was where the Australian wool industry first developed.
What was the name of the colony that Cook claimed?
Cook moved on instead of settling down but claimed the land as belonging to Britain. On 1776, Britain decided to use the land discovered by Cook as a new penal outpost. Originally titled "New Albion”, the name was later changed to "Sydney" honoring the 1st Baron Sydney.
What was the colony of New South Wales?
The British colony of New South Wales was established in 1788 as a penal colony . After the American War of Independence, Britain, in a time of social upheaval at the beginnings of massive agricultural, industrial and social change, was faced with overcrowded prisons and prison ships and no suitable destination to transport their convicts Lieutenant James Cook's discovery and annexation for Britain of the east coast of Australia in 1770, now aroused new interest. In particular, Sir Jospeh Banks, the influential Botanist who had accompanied Cook on the voyage, strongly supported "Botany Bay" as a site for a new British settlement and convict colony. For this and for related strategic and commercial reasons, the British government decided, to embark on the new settlement project.
Who were the first judges of the peace in Australia?
Originally, Governor Phillip, Lieutenant-Governor Ross and Judge Advocate David Collins acted as Justices of the Peace. Phillip was later given the right to appoint additional Justices of the Peace. Like their English counterparts, these Justices of the Peace, or magistrates, undertook both judicial and administrative duties.
What happened to the New South Wales Corps?
The New South Wales Corps remained in control until 1810 when the British government sent a new Governor (Macquarie) with his own regiment, disbanding the New South Wales Corps.
Who were the early governors of New South Wales?
The Early Governors of New South Wales. Governor Phillip (1788-92) was succeeded as Governor by Governors John Hunter, 1795-1800, Philip Gidley King, 1800-06, and William Bligh, 1806-08 (the famous Captain Bligh of the "Mutiny on the Bounty"). Until 1824, the military governors of New South Wales were absolute rulers, ...
Where did the convicts settle?
Finding the area unsuitable for settlement, they actually settled at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson ( or Sydney Harbour as it is better known) on January 26, the date now celebrated nationally as "Australia Day".
Who supported Botany Bay?
In particular, Sir Jospeh Banks, the influential Botanist who had accompanied Cook on the voyage, strongly supported "Botany Bay" as a site for a new British settlement and convict colony. For this and for related strategic and commercial reasons, the British government decided, to embark on the new settlement project.
Who arrested Bligh and took over the colony?
On January 26, 1808, the troops, led by Lt-Col. George Johnston, arrested Bligh and took over control of the Colony.
What is the second oldest settlement in Australia?
Parramatta. New South Wales. Second oldest settlement in Australia. Now a part of the Sydney urban area. 1788. Kingston. Norfolk Island. Island settled as part of the Colony of New South Wales. It is now a separate territory of Australia.
Who inhabited Australia?
Australia proper. For 40,000–70,000 years, the Australian mainland and Tasmania have been inhabited by the Australian Aboriginal people , and the Torres Strait Islands (now part of Queensland) by Torres Strait Islanders.
When was Christmas Island inhabited?
The Cocos-Keeling Islands and Christmas Island have only been inhabited since the 1880s. Information for them can be found in the table below. Norfolk Island was first settled by Polynesians in the 13th or 14th century. In 1788 the British colonised the island, by that time the Polynesians had been gone for hundreds of years.
When did the British colonize Australia?
In 1788 , the British Empire began colonising Australia, constructing permanent towns and farms. Aboriginal people began living in permanent settlements, some by choice while others were forced.
Which country ruled the island of Nauru?
From 1947 to 1966, Australia administered the island of Nauru, which has been inhabited for at least three thousand years. The Nauruan people traditionally lived in permanent villages. Nauru is now an independent sovereign country formally called the Republic of Nauru. Australia governed the Territory of New Guinea (1920–1941), ...
Which islands have never been inhabited?
The Ashmore and Cartier Islands have never been inhabited, but are regularly visited by traditional Indonesian fishers.
When did Chinese immigrants come to Australia?
Chinese Immigration to Australia in the 1800s. First Nation Peoples lived on their land peacefully and sustainability for tens of thousands of years. But this once disease-free, culturally-rich and clean nation was disrupted and almost destroyed by the British settlers when they invaded with the First Fleet in 1788.
Why did the British government sell the land of the Sydney region?
Once Australia was incorrectly labelled as ‘terra nullius,’ the British government began to sell the land of the Sydney regions to free settlers and convicts who had served their sentences. This forced Aboriginal Peoples to move to other areas of their clan boundaries or remove themselves entirely from their Country.
How did colonization affect Aboriginal people?
Aboriginal Peoples’ health was greatly affected by colonisation due to the introduction of disease which decimated much of the population.
Why were the white settlers not harmed?
The white settlers were not harmed because of immunisation against smallpox that British infants were given called variolation. After smallpox devastated the population, measles, influenza, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases followed, all having a significant effect on the wellbeing and population of Aboriginal clans. Consequently, the introduction of disease deeply affected the First Nation Peoples because they had no resistance or knowledge of treatment for contagious, viral diseases.
How did the virus spread across the Aboriginal people?
Although it is unclear whether the viruses were introduced by accident or by means of warfare, the diseases spread across Aboriginal nations. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the population. The location impacted the most by the introduction of disease was the Sydney population of First Nation Peoples. A smallpox epidemic broke out among the clans after contact, decimating an estimated 80% of the population.
How did the environment affect the First Nation?
The environment was critically impacted when the British arrived because of the introduction of invasive species, which damaged the Aboriginal Peoples agricultural land . The First Nation Peoples were incredibly intelligent and resourceful with their land. They only took what was necessary and lived a sustainable life through their complex agricultural system.
What were the consequences of the introduction of European species and ignorant agricultural techniques of the British?
The environment suffered considerably under the introduction of European species and ignorant agricultural techniques of the British, which then lead to dietary colonisation of the Aboriginal Peoples.
