Abstract. Hudson's location theory for rural settlement suggests the presence of second-order structure or autocovariation in maps of farmsteads at two important scales.
Full Answer
What is Hudson's theory of settlement location?
The ecological theory of settlement location (Hudson 1969) Hudson (1969) proposed a three staged theory that tries to explain the locational processes of rural settlements and the changes that take place over time. He suggested a series of spatial processes similar to those found in plant ecology. Stage 1: Settler Colonisation.
What is the three staged theory of rural settlement?
Hudson (1969) proposed a three staged theory that tries to explain the locational processes of rural settlements and the changes that take place over time. He suggested a series of spatial processes similar to those found in plant ecology. Stage 1: Settler Colonisation An uninhabited area is initially occupied as migrants enter a new territory.
Is the location of a settlement random?
In agreement Hammond, (1985) and Witherick, (1995) have it that settlement location is not random. It represents planning and careful deliberation of factors that are important to the sustenance of the settlers as explained by Hudson’s theory of rural settlement location.
What are the features of settlement morphology?
The most defining ingredient of the visual appearance in settlement morphology is the buildings themselves for example their design, their spatial layout or arrangement and functions. Villages depict a certain shape or form for example some villages are just a cluster of homesteads.
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What are the reasons for the location of the rural settlement?
Water Supply: Usually rural settlements are located near water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be easily obtained. Land: People choose to settle near fertile lands suitable for agriculture. Upland: Upland which is not prone to flooding was chosen to prevent damage to houses and loss of life.
Who propounded the theory of rural settlement?
In 1969 J. C. Hudson proposed a general theory of rural settlement location. Hudson's theory envisaged three phases of settlement.
What is location of a settlement?
The site of a settlement is the actual land that the settlements is built upon. The situation is the location of a settlement in relation to the things that are around it.
What is the settlement theory?
The primary purpose of a settlement or market town, according to central-place theory, is the provision of goods and services for the surrounding market area. Such towns are centrally located and may be called central places.
What is the most important feature of a rural settlement?
Explanation: The people living in the rural areas, all over the world, are engaged and dependent on various primary occupations, viz., agriculture, dairying, cattle keeping, fisheries, forestry and mining. Out of these, agriculture is the most important occupation.
What are three types of rural settlement?
Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets and farms. Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture. In modern times other types of rural communities have been developed .
What are the factors influencing the location of a settlement?
Of the many factors that help determine if a location is appropriate for settling, each can be divided into one of four generally accepted categories: climatic, economic, physical and traditional.
What are the characteristics of rural settlement?
Size of the Community: The village communities are smaller in area than the urban communities. ... Density of Population: ... The primacy of Agriculture: ... Close Contact with Nature. ... Homogeneity of Population: ... Social Stratification: ... Social Interaction: ... Social Solidarity:
What are the four types of rural settlements?
Rural settlements in India can broadly be put into four types: • Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated, • Semi-clustered or fragmented, • Hamleted, and • Dispersed or isolated.
What are the major principles of the central place theory?
Principles in the Arrangement of the Central Places Christaller's theory gives THREE principles which are the marketing principle, transport principle and administrative principle for orderly arrangements and the formation of hierarchy.
What is the main aim of central place theory?
Central place theory is an urban geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system. It was introduced in 1933 to explain the spatial distribution of cities across the landscape.
What is settlement analysis?
Soils consolidate under the application of loads from buildings. All foundations settle as the soil around and beneath the foundation adjust to the loading. Buildings with light loads or built on rock may experience negligible settlement.
What does settlement site mean?
The piece of land upon which a settlement is built is the settlement site. There are many reasons why a site might be chosen for the development of a settlement and some factors will be more important than others. Some common site factors include: Wet point sites - these have a good water supply.
What is a settlement?
1 : a formal agreement that ends an argument or dispute. 2 : final payment (as of a bill) 3 : the act or fact of establishing colonies the settlement of New England. 4 : a place or region newly settled. 5 : a small village.
What is called settlement?
A settlement is a colony or any small community of people. If a bunch of people build houses on the moon together, they'll have the first lunar settlement. A settlement is also the resolution of something such as a lawsuit. One kind of settlement is a place where people live.
Who wrote the economics of location?
A. Lösch, The Economics of Location (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954).
What is the limit of settled territory?
The limit of settled territory is defined as two persons per square mile. Under this definition, the frontier passed all of the study areas except Tama and Bremer counties by 1850, and passed these two shortly afterwards. See: U. S. Bureau of Census, Report on Population of the United States: Eleventh Census, 1890, Part 1 (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1895).
What is the regular pattern of settlement in Iowa?
The critic may argue that the regular pattern of settlement found in Iowa is a function of the rectangular land survey system which creates a grid system of roads. However, even though the same roads and survey system existed throughout the period under examination, the settlement distribution changed from an irregular or clustered one, to a highly regular pattern. Also, regular settlement pattern may exist where such a survey system is not in existence. For example, see the map of Chinese agricultural settlements in J. W. Alexander, Economic Geography (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963), p. 58.
Where was MAPPL coded?
The program was coded in FORTRAN IV for the IBM 7044 at the University of Iowa. A print-out of the program, entitled MAPPl, may be obtained from the author. Computation time was made available through the Graduate College of the University of Iowa.
Who wrote the distribution and abundance of animals?
H. G. Andrewartha and L. C. Birch, The Distribution and Abundance of Animals (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954), p. 16.
What is Hudson's location theory?
Hudson's location theory for rural settlement suggests the presence of second-order structure or autocovariation in maps of farmsteads at two important scales. This structure is identified. A scale-dependent statistic that measures second-order properties of map patterns is then reviewed. The expected behavior of the statistic is stated and is then estimated for a variety of different settlement maps. The statistic has the characteristic that it may be used not only to describe the second-order properties of mapped data but also to assist in specifying plausible models for the data. The empirical results, together with theory, suggest possible directions for rural settlement modeling that seem more appropriate than earlier approaches.
How does rural settlement change over time?
ABSTRACT A theory of rural settlement location is proposed which will explain changes in settlement distribution over time. A series of spatial processes similar to those found in plant ecology studies are postulated for rural settlement. There are three phases: Colonization, by which the occupied territory of a population expands; spread, through which settlement density increases with a tendency to short distance dispersal; and competition, the process which produces a regularity in settlement pattern when rural dwellers are found in sufficient numbers to compete for space. Empirical investigations over a ninety-year period (1870–1960) in six Iowa counties reveals that the expected increase in regularity does occur. These effects are measured by fitting the Poisson, negative binomial, and regular Poisson distributions to quadrat censuses of the settlement maps. Variance-mean ratios declined over time with changes in the farm economy, requiring fewer, but larger farms. The negative binomial fit the early, more clustered distributions best, whereas the regular Poisson series fit the recent data best.
What is masserie in Apulia?
A precise category of Apulian farmsteads, known as masserie, is a significant example of rural buildings featuring relevant architectural and landscape characteristics. Their territorial distribution is diversified and often depend on the close relationship between the building and its adjacent agricultural lot. Moreover, owing to their specific role in overseeing the territory and asserting land tenure rights, Apulian masserie distribution may have genetic origins influenced by other elements, too. The aim of this work is to investigate the existing relationships between masserie and historic roads crossing the Apulia region (Roman roads and sheep's paths called tratturi), considering both their mutual distance and the individual rural buildings importance. Overlay mapping procedures allow to quantify the amount of masserie falling within the catchment areas of the aforementioned historical roads, while historical and territorial in-depth analysis helped to identify those elements characterising the most interesting masserie from cultural and architectural points of view. The research provided interesting qualitative and quantitative information on the existing relations between these assets, leading to further considerations on the possibility to enhance them through the promotion of their integrated recovery.
What are the two main paradigms of urban sustainability?
From this analysis, two underpinning paradigms of urban sustainability are identified: (1) The ‘Human Exemptionalism Paradigm’ (HEP), which emphasizes the ability of humans to overcome environmental problems—see Urban Sociology, Urban Ecology, Urban Geography, Urban Psychology and Political Economy; and (2) The ‘New Ecological Paradigm’ (NEP), which emphasize s the criticality of ecological limits to human progress—see Urban Metabolism, Energy/Emergy Analysis and Ecological Footprinting. Each of these approaches is critically reviewed, highlighting their main assumptions, theoretical and practical foci. It is argued in the paper that if the related issues of urban sustainability and development are to be progressed, there needs to be: (1) a greater maturation of the NEP approaches, which are ‘relative newcomers’ to the area of urban theory; and (2) greater integration and dialogue between the HEP and NEP approaches to urban sustainability than has hitherto been the case.
How does geography affect the location of towns?
Spatial econometric analysis indicates that geographic factors are the primary influence on the spatial settlement distribution and urbanisation , while spatial interactions are consistent with a pattern of close proximity clustering, then dispersion and back to clustering with increasing distance. Comparing size-based and legal towns shows a stronger impact of location endowments and more clustering for population-based spatial structures.
What was the landscape of Palestine in the late Ottoman and Mandatory periods?
In the late Ottoman and Mandatory periods, Palestine's rural landscape underwent a great transformation. This study examines how the Muslim population expanded beyond its traditional inhabitation in the highlands and settled the fluid inventory of marginal lands in the coastal plains and unpopulated valleys of Palestine. In settling these marginal landscapes their settlement dovetailed with Jewish settlement patterns. While most studies have emphasized the competitive aspect of this process, examining Zionist and Arab national claims, this research points to a different aspect of this new settlement—mainly how much the Jewish and Muslim settlement patterns mirrored one another and how they were part of similar physical processes and complemented one another. Relying on censuses, aerial photographs, and period maps, as well as other archival sources, this is the first systematic research to examine the full extent of new Muslim settlements in Palestine in the late Ottoman and Mandatory periods, and to draw parallels between this phenomenon and the settlement endeavors of the Zionists.
How did the 1700s affect the settlement of Pennsylvania?
During the 1700s as the frontier moved westward through Pennsylvania's Cumberland Valley, the rate of settlement outran the ability of the colonial government to regulate it. This scramble for land, initially unhindered by any outside interference, reveal individual preferences for settlement locations. By analyzing early land records and comparing them to geographic factors in the landscape, we can learn a great deal about the motives of these early settlers and about settlement patterns in general. This paper uses a mapping-and statisticsbased analysis of the settlement process to draw conclusions about historic individuals as well as general motivations for settlement.
Abstract
In 1969 J. C. Hudson proposed a general theory of rural settlement location. Hudson's theory envisaged three phases of settlement. In the first phase there was colonization with clustered settlement.
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The article begins with a historical account of Hudson’s rural settlement theory and the various attempts to replicate Hudson’s research. Harvey’s exhortation “by our theories you shall know us” is discussed as a motivation for replication.
Who decides on the location of a settlement based on its interests?
Government policies can decide on the location of a settlement based on its interests.
Where are houses located?
Houses are located along roads, rivers (figure 2.1a) and railway lines. People seek the advantages brought about by these resources.
What is descriptive geography?
Of interest to Geographers are descriptive definitions and rural as locality. Descriptive definitions try to find the geographic distinction between rural and urban areas based on their socio-spatial and statistical characteristics for example the use of population as adopted by most official definitions by various administrations or countries.
What is Gemeinschaft theory?
The Gemeinschaft theory is based on human relations and having a clear concept of one’s position in the society. Rural community knows each other in detail and often have similar norms and values of life (Daley & Avant, 2013). In social exchange theory, it has been recognise that resources are scarce and limited in rural areas; and hence people often use barter system style of living in rural areas. It finds the people and increase interactions amongst the community (Mackie, 2012). The strength perspective recognises that in rural areas a group or an individual with strength in one area would benefit others in exchange with another group or an individual in another area.
What is the morphology of a village?
Villages depict a certain shape or form for example some villages are just a cluster of homesteads. The morphology of settlements is heavily influenced by culture, socio-economic needs of society and by the history of the people.
Why is it important to understand the environment in Animal Farm?
This is important because it shows how humans’ behavior is dictated by the environment in which they evolve. By focusing on the country and city setting in Animal Farm and The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, it is fair to say that the environment dictates the behavior of its inhabitants. The place of a story determines what will possibly happen,
Is settlement location random?
In agreement Hammond, (1985) and Witherick, (1995) have it that settlement location is not random. It represents planning and careful deliberation of factors that are important to the sustenance of the settlers as explained by Hudson’s theory of rural settlement location. So locations with an aggregate of advantages are chosen to establish a settlement. The initial factors that influenced the location of the settlement might change with time.