Colonial expansion under the Spanish Empire was initiated by the Spanish conquistadors and developed by the Monarchy of Spain through its administrators and missionaries. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Christian faith through indigenous conversions. Why was NC settled?
How did the Spanish Empire expand across North America?
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and gaining control over more territory for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America.
Did the Spanish settle in North America?
Spanish settlement in North America was limited to these areas, which are often called the borderlands, by the French (see Chapter 3) and the English (see Chapters 4 and 5). Consequently, Spain did not settle in any of the original thirteen colonies that became the United States.
How did the Spanish claim the United States of America?
The Spanish claim to territories that are today the United States rested upon the 16th century exploits of Ponce de León, Hernando De Soto, and Francisco Vázquez de Coronado . St. Augustine in Florida was established as a Spanish fort in 1565, the first permanent settlement in what would become the United States.
What countries did Spain colonize in the Americas?
Spanish colonization of the Americas. The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors. The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean.
How did Spain establish its colonies in America?
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America. Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil.
Why did Spanish settlements develop slowly in North America?
Slow growth due to greater emphasis on military conquest, poor relations with Native Americans, and numerous early failures to establish permanent settle- ments. Largest Spanish populations were in Florida, Texas, California, and Mexico.
How did the Spanish establish and maintain their new colonies?
The Spanish imposed the encomienda system in the areas they controlled. Under this system, authorities assigned Indian workers to mine and plantation owners with the understanding that the recipients would defend the colony and teach the workers the tenets of Christianity.
Did Spain have colonies in North America?
Although Spain established colonies in North America in the seventeenth century, by 1750, most remained small military outposts. In Florida, the principal Spanish settlements were located at St. Augustine, Apalachee Bay, and Pensacola Bay.
How did the Spanish succeed in conquering much of the Americas?
The Spanish were able to defeat the Aztec and the Inca not only because they had horses, dogs, guns, and swords, but also because they brought with them germs that made many native Americans sick. Diseases like smallpox and measles were unknown among the natives; therefore, they had no immunity to them.
What strategies did Spain use to colonize the western half of North America?
Spain shifted strategies after the military expeditions wove their way through the southern and western half of North America. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America.
What were two motives that encouraged Spain to establish colonies in the Americas?
Answer and Explanation: Two motives that encouraged Spain to establish colonies in the Americas were the finding of gold and the spread of Catholic missionaries in the Western Hemisphere.
When did Spain arrive in North America?
The invasion of the North American continent and its peoples began with the Spanish in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida, then British in 1587 when the Plymouth Company established a settlement that they dubbed Roanoke in present-day Virginia.
What were the main Spanish settlements in North America by 1769?
In response to Russian exploration from Alaska, the Spanish established permanent settlements at San Diego in 1769 and San Francisco in 1776.
When did Spain land in America?
The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492. This was the first part of the European colonization of the Americas.
Which of the following is a reason that the Spanish colonies in North America failed?
Which of the following is a reason that the Spanish colonies in North America failed? They were too focused on building forts and missions.
What two things hindered the growth of Spanish colonies?
European diseases (smallpox, influenza, measles and typhus) to which the native populations had no resistance, and cruel systems of forced labor, such as the infamous haciendas and mining industry's mita), decimated the American population under Spanish control.
Where was the first Spanish settlement in North America?
In 1493, during his second voyage, Columbus founded Isabela, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World, on Hispaniola. After finding gold in recoverable quantities nearby, the Spanish quickly overran the island and spread to Puerto Rico in 1508, to Jamaica in 1509, and to Cuba in 1511.
How long were the Spanish in North America?
It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas, and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century and most during the 18th century, as immigration was encouraged by the new ...
What were the Spanish's first claims to the United States?
The Spanish claim to territories that are today the United States rested upon the 16th century exploits of Ponce de Le ón, Hernando De Soto, and Francisco Vázquez de Coronado . St. Augustine in Florida was established as a Spanish fort in 1565, the first permanent settlement in what would become the United States. The impact of this settlement was slight, however, since it served primarily as a base camp for other exploratory ventures and also as the center of efforts to convert the area's natives to Roman Catholicism. A handful of Spanish settlements was established in outlying areas, but they soon fell prey to Indian attacks or economic insufficiency. Greater progress was made by Spanish colonizers on the other side of the continent. In 1598, Don Juan Oñante led 500 men from Mexico northward into Pueblo lands in present-day New Mexico. The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain. Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee. Understandably, the Pueblo deeply resented the entire system — invasion of their lands, suppression of their religion, payment of tribute, and enforced loyalty to a foreign monarch. The encomienda was used throughout Spanish America. Its application differed sharply from one area to another, being relatively benign in some regions, but virtually enslaving in others. Reform of the system was sought by a Spanish missionary, Bartolomé de Las Casas . Oñante, fired by a passion for precious metals, launched a series of explorations eastward into present-day Kansas and Oklahoma, and westward to the Gulf of California. In some instances, he retraced Coronado's steps and was equally unsuccessful in discovering gold and silver. New settlements were erected at Santa Fe in 1609 and nearby Taos in 1615. Relationships between the colonists and the Pueblo improved as they cooperated in livestock raising (mostly cattle and sheep), but an undercurrent of resentment remained strong. In 1680, a major revolt broke out under native leader Papé. Hundreds were killed on both sides in the fighting and order was not restored until 1692. As the 17th century drew to a close, Spanish colonial administrators finally realized that, given their minority status in so many parts of New Spain, policy reform was necessary. In the coming years, the Pueblo were allowed to resume the practice of their religion, own land, and be free from forced labor. From a material standpoint, the Spanish ventures in the northern portions of their realm were far less successful than those to the south .
When did the Spanish revolt?
In 1680, a major revolt broke out under native leader Papé. Hundreds were killed on both sides in the fighting and order was not restored until 1692. As the 17th century drew to a close, Spanish colonial administrators finally realized that, given their minority status in so many parts of New Spain, policy reform was necessary.
Who was the Spanish missionary who used the Encomienda system?
Reform of the system was sought by a Spanish missionary, Bartolomé de Las Casas .
Who led the colonists to New Mexico?
Greater progress was made by Spanish colonizers on the other side of the continent. In 1598, Don Juan Oñante led 500 men from Mexico northward into Pueblo lands in present-day New Mexico. The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain.
What were the grants of the land?
The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.
How did the Spanish get rich?
The Spaniards soon found that land in the Southwest offered few mineral resources, and the only way to get rich was to use the Pueblo as forced labor for tasks that included herding, farmwork, blacksmithing (shaping iron), silver crafting, and domestic chores. Spanish-Native American relations were thus based on exploitation (using another person for selfish purposes). Over time, the Pueblo came to resent the Spaniards, who profoundly disturbed the ecology (pattern of relations between living things and their environment) in New Mexico. For instance, they brought cattle and sheep that consumed large amounts of prairie grasses. Spanish baking ovens greatly increased the need for firewood, depleting local supplies. To expand the existing network of irrigation (watering system) canals, the Spanish had to rely even more heavily on forced labor. When the Acoma Pueblo finally refused to submit to the intruders, the Spanish killed or enslaved hundreds of Native Americans.
How did Europeans get to the Far East?
At that time, the only way for Europeans to reach the Far East was to sail south along the west coast of Africa and then east into the Indian Ocean. The most direct route was through the Mediterranean Sea, but the eastern end of that waterway was controlled by Turkey, a Muslim foe of the Europeans.
Why did Columbus not sell his idea to the king of Portugal?
For several years Columbus failed to sell his idea to the king of Portugal, primarily because Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias (c. 1450–1500) had found a sea passage from Europe to India, which was considered the best route at the time. Undaunted, Columbus decided to try his luck in Spain.
What did Columbus do to help Ferdinand and Isabella?
Columbus had no difficulty persuading Ferdinand and Isabella to sponsor a second voyage. When the expedition reached La Navidad in November 1493, however, they found the settlement in ruins. Either the Native Americans had turned against the Europeans or the Spaniards had fought among themselves—no one had survived to tell what had happened. Columbus decided to move 75 miles east, where he started building a settlement called Isabela. He immediately sent a party of men in search of gold while he explored the nearby islands.
Why did Columbus turn mutinous?
At first the expedition made rapid progress. By October 10, however, the crew had turned mutinous (rebellious) because they had not come in sight of land. Luckily for Columbus, two days later they reached a small island in the present-day Bahamas (a group of islands south of Florida).
What was the name of the island that Jesus founded?
On December 25, 1492, he founded the first European settlement in the Americas on an island he named Hispaniola . Called La Navidad ("the birth"; in commemoration of being founded on Christmas Day, or the birthday of Jesus), it stood on the site of present-day Limonade-Bordde-Mer, Haiti.
Why did Columbus seek a sponsor for his voyage of exploration?
In the early 1480s, Columbus began to seek a sponsor for a voyage of exploration to prove his theory that he could reach China and the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. If he succeeded, he would also confirm a long-held European belief that the world was round.
What did the Iimicuas do for the Spaniards?
The had depended on each other to everyone the Iimicuas helped provide food and water. So the Spaniards gave native leaders many gifts and didn't challenge their right to govern their own people
What is the gift of land by the king of Spain?
a gift of land by the king of Spain, which gave a person control over the land and the people living there
What was the goal of the missionaries?
They set villages called missions and the missions had two goals. One goal was to teach Native Americans the Catholic Religion. The other goal was to introduce Native Americans to the Spanish way of life
What does "send to a new land" mean?
a person sent to a new land to spread his or her religion.
Which country built many missions and forts?
Spain had built many mission and forts. It had founded colonies in what is now Texas, California, and other parts of the Southwestern United States
Did Spain try to establish settlements in Florida?
Spain had tried many times to establish settlements in Florida however, had weather complicated with Native Americans, and other problem stopped these efforts.
