European Reformation The Protestant Reformation
Reformation
The Reformation was a movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Roman Catholic Church—and papal authority in particular. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517, there was no schism between the Catholics and the nascent Lutheran bra…
How did the Protestant Reformation affect the New World?
However, England converted to Protestantism, which caused them to view their New World conflicts with Spain as conflicts with a hostile and heretical opponent, rather than as a quarrel among family members. The Protestant Reformation led to the creation of a number of splinter groups who became religious minorities in their respective lands.
Was the Protestant Reformation an important prerequisite to colonization of North America?
One could also argue that the Protestant Reformation was an important prerequisite to colonization of North America due to the Treaty of Tordesillas. The Treaty of Tordesillas refers to a series of agreements, mediated by the Pope, which essentially divided the right to colonize the world between Spain (in the West) and Portugal (in the East).
What problems did the early moderns have with Protestantism?
This meant that Protestantism created a lot of social and political turmoil (the Early Moderns took religion very, very seriously). There was conflict between Protestants and Catholics as well as between different Protestant Churches.
What was the impact of the Reformation on literacy?
The Reformation benefited from rising literacy that began in the 1440s with Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press. But reformers broadened literacy and educational opportunities still further. After all, if you want to understand the Bible or join in a hymn, you need to know how to read.
What impact did the Protestant Reformation have on the world?
The Reformation led to the reformulation of certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions.
How did the Protestant Reformation impact settlement in the Americas quizlet?
How did the Protestant Reformation impact settlement in the Americas? Political conflicts rooted in religious tensions pushed many people to leave Europe.
What was an effect that the Protestant Reformation had on English colonization of the New World quizlet?
1.3)How did the Protestant Reformation affect England's colonization efforts? It caused people who did not follow the Anglican Church - radical Protestants as well as Catholics - to think about establishing places in the Americas where they might worship freely.
What are 4 effects of the Protestant Reformation?
Ultimately the Protestant Reformation led to modern democracy, skepticism, capitalism, individualism, civil rights, and many of the modern values we cherish today. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy throughout Europe and ignited a renewed passion for education.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect Natives in New Spain?
They began to trade with the Natives and treated them better than the Spaniards. They also started colonies and settled them. Due to the Protestant Reformation, the Americas were explored and settled.
How did the Protestant Reformation accelerate the decline of Spain's dominance in the New World?
He wanted to unite tribes to force the English out of New England. How did the Protestant Reformation accelerate the decline of Spain's dominance in the New World? Protestant nations such as England and the Netherlands forged closer ties to challenge Catholic Spain's dominance in the Americas.
How did the new routes lead to exploration in the New World?
European countries wanted better trade routes so different exploration groups were set out to discover a new route to China and India. Christopher Columbus thought he had discovered lands in Asia, but over time voyages led to the establishment of the Spanish empire in the Americas.
How did the Reformation encourage ideas of democracy?
How did the Reformation encourage ideas of democracy? Some local religious groups elected their own leaders. What events in France in the late 1500s left more than a million dead?
What motives played the biggest role in the European discovery of the New World?
Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory.
What were 3 impacts of the Reformation?
Improved training and education for some Roman Catholic priests. The end of the sale of indulgences. Protestant worship services in the local language rather than Latin. The Peace of Augsburg (1555), which allowed German princes to decide whether their territories would be Catholic or Lutheran.
What are the long term effects of the Reformation?
The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people's view on the church and life values.
What are the causes and consequences of the Protestant Reformation?
Through challenging the Church's corruption in the doctrine of indulgences and the authority of the pope Luther led the Reformation in 1517. Luther gained support on his objections and attitudes against the church from many Germans and moved on to form what is known today as Protestantism.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect exploration and settlement in the Americas?
The Protestant Reformation in Europe indirectly spurred the early settlement of Colonial America. The Reformation created geopolitical, social, and religious forces that pushed English explorers, colonists, and migrants toward North America.
What were the effects of the Protestant Reformation quizlet?
The reformation had religious, social, and political effects on the Catholic Church. The reformation ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided. The Roman Catholic Church itself became more unified as a result of reforms such as the Council of Trent.
What was the Protestant Reformation quizlet?
What was the Protestant Reformation? It was a schism, or break, between loyalist members Catholic Church, and Christians who believed different things. These protesters were progressive and "left-wing" at the time. They wanted to change the Church and go against tradition.
What caused the Protestant Reformation quizlet?
The major causes of the protestant reformation include that of political, economic, social, and religious background. The religious causes involve problems with church authority and a monks views driven by his anger towards the church.
Why did the Puritans migrate to Massachusetts?
Meanwhile, the one other spot that was in play was the Puritan migration to Massachusetts. These people had partly already migrated to the Netherlands to escape English persecution, but were losing their identity in their new homeland. (English Baptists were virtually born from these Puritans in the Netherlands). When they returned to England, some saw a new chance to move on without interference in America. They came in waves, mostly from England but also from other places to which they had migrated seeking more freedom, Ireland, the Netherlands and the West Indies. Massachusetts became a virtual Puritan nation under British Charter. Over time, their stranglehold on the area decreased starting with the attempt of King James to weaken the power of local colonial governors by consolidating government under wider control. King William III decreased the size of that attempt, and made a greater Massachusetts colony with a King-appointed governor rather than one elected by the locals, effectively putting an end to the rather dictatorial rule of the Puritans. This was a beginning of local discontent that over the course of decades led to this area being the ground for fomenting desire for independence from the Crown.
Why did the Pilgrim Fathers go to America?
The Pilgrim Fathers were English nonconformist Protestants who went to America in order to practice a form of Christianity more severe than the Church of England. By contrast, Pennsylvania and Maryland were authorized as settlements for Quakers and Catholics whom English law subjected to “religious disabilities” (e.g. exclusion from professions like law.)
What were the European colonial competitions?
European colonial competitions was a race between rival kingdoms, much more than rival religions. In Spanish, Portuguese and French held colonies, were staunchly Catholic. They saw their conquest of foreign lands as a license to propagate the Catholic faith, so, in due time, Catholic missionaries either followed or accompanied the exploratory or military ships. The Dutch were at first also Catholic but embraced a Calvinistic Protestantism in the 16th Century. Their colonial ventures were much more tolerant in religious matters than their continental counterparts. Since New Netherlands (which c
What was the compromise between Elizabeth and the English Church?
This was a compromise more or less, in which Elizabeth agreed the nature of the English Church should remain Catholic, but Protestants should not be persecuted or excluded from the life of the Church.
What was the name of the legal declaration that Elizabeth decided to issue?
Elizabeth decided to issue a legal declaration backed up by Parliament known as the Elizabethan Settlement.
Is the Church of England a Protestant church?
It also means that the present Church of England is not technically Protestant, but I’ll get to that in a few moments.
Did the Church of Henry survive Mary's reign?
The church of Henry did not survive Mary’s reign. Mary successfully reconciled the English Church with Rome during her time on the throne.
How did the Reformation benefit the world?
The Reformation benefited from rising literacy that began in the 1440s with Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press. But reformers broadened literacy and educational opportunities still further. After all, if you want to understand the Bible or join in a hymn, you need to know how to read.
Who said the Reformation should be a time of repentance?
Strom, the Candler professor, said observing the Reformation’s anniversary should also be a time of repentance.
What was Martin Luther's 95 Theses or Disputation on the Power of Indulgences?
Martin Luther nails The 95 Theses or Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, a list of propositions for an academic disputation , on Oct. 31, 1517. What he intended to spark debate changed the world. Painting by Ferdinand Pauwels (1830-1904), public domain, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.
What book did Luther write about the Reformation?
He is author of “Godspeed: Voices of the Reformation,” a just-released Abingdon Press book of devotionals using writings by Luther and other reformers. “Does the pope set up laws?”. Luther wrote in a 1520 treatise. “Let him set them up for himself, and keep hands off my liberty, or I will take it by stealth!”.
What was the Methodist movement's main goal?
The Methodist movement, with its emphasis on social holiness, helped correct this imbalance. “At the same time, lay education has been a powerful force for lay engagement in the church, economic progress and democracy,” Johnson said.
Where did Martin Luther post his 95 Theses?
Here are six developments we have today thanks to that fateful All Hallows’ Eve. The door at Wittenberg’s Castle Church where Martin Luther reportedly posted his 95 Theses, launching the Protestant Reformation. At the time, the door served as a sort of university bulletin board.
Which book of common prayer did John Wesley later adapt to his Methodist movement?
That in turn influenced the creation of England’s Book of Common Prayer, which John Wesley would later adapt for his Methodist movement.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation was a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.
Who was the first Protestant to start the Reformation?
Martin Luther, a German teacher and a monk, brought about the Protestant Reformation when he challenged the Catholic Church's teachings starting in 1517.
What did the separatists and nonseparatists disagree about?
Though the separatists and nonseparatists disagreed about whether to sever ties to the Church of England, both groups of early North American colonists shared a dissatisfaction with the church and a mindset that they were free to establish a church more in alignment with their spiritual views.
Why did Henry VIII start Protestant reform?
Protestant reform in England began with Henry VIII in 1534 because the Pope would not grant him a marriage annulment. Subsequently, King Henry rejected the Pope's authority, instead creating and assuming authority over the Church of England, a sort of hybrid church that combined some Catholic doctrine and some Protestant ideals. Over the next 20 years, there was religious turbulence in England as Queen Mary (1553–1558) reinstated Catholicism in England while persecuting and exiling Protestants, only to have Queen Elizabeth I and her Parliament attempt to lead the country back toward Protestantism during her reign (1558–1603).
Why did the Dutch separatists fail?
Ultimately, the endeavor failed due to poverty and the sense that the children were assimilating too much into Dutch culture, so many of the separatists returned to England.
Why did the Puritans migrate to New England?
Although they did not desire to separate from the Church of England, some Puritans saw emigrating to New England as their best chance at true reform of the church and freedom to worship as they chose. In 1630, a decade after the Pilgrims embarked on a similar journey for similar reasons, the first Puritans traveled to the New World and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston, Massachusetts.
Why were Luther's ideas controversial?
These ideas were controversial because they directly contradicted the Catholic Church's teachings. Luther's statements challenged the Catholic Church's role as intermediary between people and God, specifically when it came to the indulgence system, which in part allowed people to purchase a certificate of pardon for the punishment of their sins.
Why was the Protestant Reformation important?
One could also argue that the Protestant Reformation was an important prerequisite to colonization of North America due to the Treaty of Tordesillas. The Treaty of Tordesillas refers to a series of agreements, mediated by the Pope, which essentially divided the right to colonize the world between Spain (in the West) and Portugal (in the East).
What was the Protestant Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation was a critical moment in European history which resulted in the desintigration of unified Christendom in the west. Keep in mind, Protestantism was of a fractured, fragmenting nature. There is not just one single Protestant Church; rather there emerged numerous Churches which could each give way to new disputes ...
How did religion influence the creation of the colonies?
When looking at the original Thirteen Colonies, in general, there are two major themes by which religion could influence the creation and growth of these colonies. On the one hand, a colony could serve as a proverbial "City on a Hill," governed according to its own religious doctrines. On the other hand, colonies could also be created as havens, where oppressed religious groups might find refuge. In both cases, the experience of the Protestant Reformation was key in shaping this history of colonization.
Where did religious dissenters come from?
Later in the eighteenth century, additional religious dissenters came from Europe, including German Moravians, Mennonites, and other sects.
Where did the Puritans come from?
Puritans flocked to other colonies, notably Bermuda, but Huguenots were welcomed in Carolina, New Amsterdam/New York, and other colonies. Quakers, persecuted in New England as well as their home country, found a haven in Pennsylvania, established by proprietor William Penn, himself a Quaker.
What was the role of North America in Europe?
This led to social unrest and turmoil, as many of the minorities were persecuted. North America began to be perceived by many in Europe as a "safety valve" for religious dissenters, notably French Huguenots.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
So, the Protestant Reformation was a watershed event in world history. When Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517, he set in motion events that would alter the course of history.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
The Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation with what historians call the Counter-Reformation. You know, 'counter' in this context means 'opposite.'. So, the Counter-Reformation basically tried to undo everything brought about by the Protestant Reformation.
Why did the Pilgrims come to Plymouth?
The Pilgrims were a Protestant sect. They came to Plymouth because they didn't want the Church of England telling them how to worship God.
What happened to the Huguenots?
Over the years, Huguenots were often persecuted. One of the most brutal incidents was St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, in which thousands of Huguenots were slain by Catholics on August 23-24, 1572. England became strongly Protestant. I'm sure you've heard of the Church of England, or the Anglican Church.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
The Spanish Inquisition was a religious tribunal set up to ensure Catholic doctrine and practice throughout the Spanish Empire. In particular, it was effective in forcing Jews and Muslims to convert to Catholicism. In the New World, the Spanish Inquisition oversaw the conversion of groups like the Aztecs and the Inca.
Which city became the capital of Protestantism in Europe?
Most importantly, though, they were both decidedly anti-Catholic and committed to spreading Protestant influence. Geneva, Switzerland became the unofficial capital of Protestantism in Europe, thanks to the efforts of theologian John Calvin and others.
When did the Catholic Church start to divide Christianity?
Between 1545 and 1648, the Catholic Church developed policies and practices that led to spiritual renewal and a resurgence of Catholic influence. So, now the stage was set. Western Christianity was divided into two branches. Tension between Protestants and Catholics was widespread and often erupted into war.
Why were Spanish settlements established in America?
Spanish settlements in America were established for the purpose of exploitation rather than development. Spanish settlements adhered to a rigidly structured plantation society under the direct control of the Spanish monarch.
Why is the Lost Colony called the Lost Colony?
It became known as the "Lost Colony" because its inhabitants disappeared.
Why did the Spanish and English have a bitter rivalry?
The Spanish and the English had a bitter rivalry primarily because they were economic competitors. Under the then-prevalent system of mercantilism, every country tried to increase its quantity of gold, silver, and other precious metals and prevent or hinder other countries from doing the same. The English Sea Dogs sought to rob Spanish vessels that were transporting gold from the New World to Spain, and Spain sought not only to prevent that but also to hinder the development of England's colonial empire. A religious rivalry was also present between Catholic Spain and Protestant England.
Who settled New York?
The Dutch settled what is now New York. The area was named New Netherland and its main city was New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant was a harsh governor. He became very unpopular for his heavy-handed rule. In 1664, the English seized the colony promising the citizens freedom of life, liberty, and property in return for their surrender. Stuyvesant ceded the colony. The English renamed it New York.
Who was responsible for the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
He was a British admiral who, along with his Sea Dogs, robbed and looted Spanish ships, thus challenging the Spanish dominance in the New World. Drake and his men are responsible for the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Did the English colonists have a political system?
In addition to their English heritage, English settlers also brought their English political institutions with them. English patterns of self-government became an important part of colonial life. As other colonies developed in the New World , so did their political institutions. This experience in self-government would be more relevant to the colonists than the royal government on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.