The European colonization of the Americas encountered diverse physical and human geography, which influenced the methods and results. Spanish Conquistadors found large native empires in Mexico and Peru and quickly conquered them to build feudal systems similar to those at home.
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What are the settlement patterns in the United States?
Settlement patterns. Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico.
How did pre-European settlement patterns affect the United States?
Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico.
How did geography influence the development of the United States?
Geography influenced the early United States from the first colonies throughout its western expansion. Learn about the role of geography in the early settlement of America, traversing mountains and other difficulties with the westward expansion, and the draw of the gold rush in California and other western territories.
What is the overall impression of the settled portion of America?
The overall impression of the settled portion of the American landscape, rural or urban, is one of disorder and incoherence, even in areas of strict geometric survey.
How Can geography affect settlement patterns?
Geography is often a major factor in deciding where a group of people settle. People need access to natural resources to build their homes and other infrastructure, to land that can provide food and water, and to places that are easily accessible to those who live in them.
What ways has geography affected settlement patterns in North Africa?
The trade routes changed from the north to the south because of the climate changes. Farmers in the forests along the coasts would trade with farmers in the south savannahs and with the herders in the sahel. In time, salt and gold made the trade routes even bigger.
What geographic factors affect the location of a settlement?
A Geographic Situation Of the many factors that help determine if a location is appropriate for settling, each can be divided into one of four generally accepted categories: climatic, economic, physical and traditional.
How does the environment affect settlement patterns?
Natural factors such as terrain, rivers and sunlight influence the construction of settlements at both regional and local levels. This gives settlements certain characteristics of distribution, scale, hierarchy and morphology.
How did geographic features affect the settlement of Africa?
How did geographic features affect the settlement of Africa? Geographic features affected the settlement of Africa because the deserts influenced the trade routes because they had to pass through the deserts to trade, they always settled around oases and rivers because Africa is really hot.
What are the 4 types of settlement patterns?
Rural settlement patterns refer to the shape of the settlement boundaries, which often involve an interaction with the surrounding landscape features. The most common patterns are linear, rectangular, circular or semi-circular, and triangular.
What are the 4 physical factors that affect settlement patterns?
Physical factors:Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)Flat land (easy to build)Fertile soil (for crops)Forests (timber and housing)influence the settlements in an area.
What are the factors that influence the settlement pattern?
1 Physical Environment. One of the most basic factors affecting settlement patterns is the physical geography of the land. ... 2 Transportation Systems. Settlement patterns have always been affected by the technology available to settlers, and especially by methods of transportation. ... 3 Economic Concerns. ... 4 Government Policies.
How did geographical factors play a role in settling down of ancient people?
Like many ancient peoples, the first people in India most likely chose to settle near rivers. The rivers provided plenty of water, and the fertile soil was ideal for farming. The rivers could also be used for travel and trade. The first known settlements in ancient India were in the Indus River valley.
How does climate affect patterns of settlement in Canada?
Climate change is impacting human settlement in Canada in many ways. For example, sea levels are rising due to climate change. Rising sea levels put coastal human settlements at risk, including Vancouver and several other Canadian cities and Indigenous communities.
How can geography and environmental factors influence the structure of a civilization?
Geography and the environment play a monumental role in the establishment and success of a nearly every civilization. For example, rivers bring water and allow for agricultural development, while mountains or deserts provide for protection and create a barrier.
What geographical features are found in North Africa?
Three main physical features of North Africa are the Atlas Mountains, the Sahara Desert, and the Nile River. Most of North Africa's population lives along the Mediterranean coast or along the Nile River. The ethnic majority in the Maghreb are Berber, with Arabs dominating in Egypt.
How has geography shaped the history of Africa?
The geography of Africa helped to shape the history and development of the culture and civilizations of Ancient Africa. The geography impacted where people could live, important trade resources such as gold and salt, and trade routes that helped different civilizations to interact and develop.
What is the geography of northern Africa?
Geography. North Africa has three main geographic features: the Sahara desert in the south, the Atlas Mountains in the west, and the Nile River and delta in the east. The Atlas Mountains extend across much of northern Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
What geographic feature makes up most of northern Africa?
The Sahara is the worlds largest hot desert, covering 8.5 million square kilometers (3.3 million square miles), about the size of the South American country of Brazil. Defining Africa's northern bulge, the Sahara makes up 25 percent of the continent.
What is the human landscape of North America?
North America’s human landscape closely mirrors that of its physical environment: varied, rich, and constantly changing. From their beginnings to the present day, the peoples of North America have worked with and against their surroundings in order to survive and prosper. Historic Cultures.
Why do illegal immigrants migrate to developed countries?
Illegal immigrants migrate for the same reasons legal immigrants do—to look for better economic and political opportunities.
What did the Inuit community do to maintain a balanced existence?
By respecting the ecosystem (the living and nonliving things in an environment), Inuit communities aimed to maintain a balanced existence. Contemporary Cultures. Contemporary North American societies are also greatly influenced by the continent’s rich and varied environment.
What is the economic base of North America?
North America’s economic base is centered largely on the extraction, development, and trade of natural resource s. Local communities, as well as national governments and regional organizations, also use natural resources.
Why is tourism important in North America?
Tourism is also an important part of North America’s economy, especially for the small island nations of the Caribbean Sea. These island nations offer pristine tropical environments. Their multicolored coral reefs are one of the premier diving destinations in the world.
Where did the first North Americans migrate from?
Indigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of North America. The first North Americans are believed to have migrate d from Siberia, in northeast Asia, by crossing a land bridge over the Bering Strait.
Which two civilizations were native to the North?
Leading North American civilizations include the Maya and Aztec, in what is now Mexico, and the Iroquois, native to southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States. The vastness of the northern part of the continent encouraged other indigenous communities to live nomadic lifestyles.
What were the major factors that affected the West Coast?
Oil was also a major factor, as was iron ore and coal. Beyond the hardships of the deserts and mountains, people found more fertile land along the coasts, with pleasant climates. To this day, the West Coast of the United States remains heavily populated.
What does it mean to enroll in a course?
Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams.
Why was it important for the colonies to have access to the sea?
This is because having access to the sea was important to bring in supplies, especially in those early days. Once the U.S. could produce its own goods, this wouldn't be needed, but for a long time, the colonies were tethered to the sea.
Why did the first colonies fail?
Many of the first attempted colonies failed because of disease, starvation, lack of resupply, war, or conflict with Native Americans. When colonies were finally established, they were mostly along the East Coast. This is because having access to the sea was important to bring in supplies, especially in those early days.
What were the natural resources of the United States?
There was also the attraction of the natural resources of the United States, especially iron, coal, and later, gold and oil. But the further west people expanded, the more difficulties they encountered. The Great Plains in the Midwest were especially fertile for farming, but they were also dry. Irrigation was difficult.
Why did people head west to the Great Plains?
The Great Plains in the Midwest were especially fertile, having been originally a sea bed millions of years ago, and so it was prime land for farming. This was plenty of reason to head west. More remote areas also lacked competition, so you could claim a lot of land for yourself. The government even encouraged it, giving away 160 acres of land to those adventurous enough to head west. But there were difficulties, too. The Great Plains might have been fertile, but they were also dry. Irrigation was difficult, but necessary. Without water, there would be no crops.
What was the challenge of moving west?
Moving west became extremely challenging beyond the plains. It might have taken a long time for Americans to find their way to the Pacific Ocean, if it wasn't for one further natural feature: the presence of gold.
How did pre-European settlements affect the United States?
Although the land that now constitutes the United States was occupied and much affected by diverse Indian cultures over many millennia, these pre-European settlement patterns have had virtually no impact upon the contemporary nation—except locally, as in parts of New Mexico. A benign habitat permitted a huge contiguous tract of settled land to materialize across nearly all the eastern half of the United States and within substantial patches of the West. The vastness of the land, the scarcity of labour, and the abundance of migratory opportunities in a land replete with raw physical resources contributed to exceptional human mobility and a quick succession of ephemeral forms of land use and settlement. Human endeavours have greatly transformed the landscape, but such efforts have been largely destructive. Most of the pre-European landscape in the United States was so swiftly and radically altered that it is difficult to conjecture intelligently about its earlier appearance.
What are the characteristics of American settlement?
Another special characteristic of American settlement, one that became obvious only by the mid-20th century, is the convergence of rural and urban modes of life. The farmsteads—and rural folk in general—have become increasingly urbanized, and agricultural operations have become more automated, while the metropolis grows more gelatinous, unfocused, and pseudo-bucolic along its margins.
How were townships laid out?
Townships were laid out as blocks, each six by six miles in size, oriented with the compass directions . Thirty-six sections, each one square mile, or 640 acres (260 hectares), in size, were designated within each township; and public roads were established along section lines and, where needed, along half-section lines. At irregular intervals, offsets in survey lines and roads were introduced to allow for the Earth’s curvature. Individual property lines were coincident with, or parallel to, survey lines, and this pervasive rectangularity generally carried over into the geometry of fields and fences or into the townsites later superimposed upon the basic rural survey.
How were farms connected to towns?
Successions of such farms were connected with one another and with the towns by means of a dense, usually rectangular lattice of roads, largely unimproved at the time. The hamlets, villages, and smaller cities were arrayed at relatively regular intervals, with size and affluence determined in large part by the presence and quality of rail service or status as the county seat. But, among people who have been historically rural, individualistic, and antiurban in bias, many services normally located in urban places might be found in rustic settings. Thus, much retail business was transacted by means of itinerant peddlers, while small shops for the fabrication, distribution, or repair of various items were often located in isolated farmsteads, as were many post offices.
How much land did farms have in the 1980s?
By the late 1980s, for example, when the average farm size had surpassed 460 acres, farms containing 2,000 or more acres accounted for almost half of all farmland and 20 percent of the cropland harvested, even though they comprised less than 3 percent of all farms.
What are the patterns of rural settlement?
Patterns of rural settlement indicate much about the history, economy, society, and minds of those who created them as well as about the land itself. The essential design of rural activity in the United States bears a strong family resemblance to that of other neo-European lands, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, or tsarist Siberia —places that have undergone rapid occupation and exploitation by immigrants intent upon short-term development and enrichment. In all such areas, under novel social and political conditions and with a relative abundance of territory and physical resources, ideas and institutions derived from a relatively stable medieval or early modern Europe have undergone major transformation. Further, these are nonpeasant countrysides, alike in having failed to achieve the intimate symbiosis of people and habitat, the humanized rural landscapes characteristic of many relatively dense, stable, earthbound communities in parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.
How many states surrendered to the new government?
With the coming of independence and after complex negotiations, the original 13 states surrendered to the new national government nearly all their claims to the unsettled western lands beyond their boundaries. Some tracts, however, were reserved for disposal to particular groups.
What are the colonies of New York?
These colonies included New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. New York is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. Manhattan Island is a well-known location of New York, originally called New Amsterdam. Lake Erie is the great lake that New York shares a border with. The Appalachian Mountains run through the middle of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is bordered by New York , New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland, West Virginia, and Ohio. This region also shares a border with Lake Erie. Many rivers run through the state including the Ohio and Delaware Rivers. On the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, Delaware is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay, as well as by the states of New Jersey , Pennsylvania and Maryland. The area of Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York is known as the Highlands. The Atlantic Coastal Plain is a region along the middle colonies primarily
What were the middle colonies?
The middle colonies were the Delaware Colony, the New Jersey Colony, the New York Colony, and the Pennsylvania Colony. Their climate helped them become the 'breadbasket' of British North America. Arable land was plentiful and the soil was fertile. The excellent natural harbors helped the middle colonies become traders among the colonies. Due in part to immigration from foreign ( Mainland Europe) countries, the people were ethnically and religiously diverse.
Why were the Middle Colonies important?
The Middle Colonies were in the prime location for the growth of grains. A predominant feature of the region is the Coastal Plain. This region had humid summers and temperate winters which are prime conditions for agriculture. Due to the climate of temperate summers, the grains were allowed to grow for longer periods of time. Up north, the winters were much too harsh to grow these grains. These grains were then exported to other Colonies due to its prime location to the ocean. The climate was prime for these grains which is a direct correlation to how geography relates to trade goods in the Middle Eastern Colonies.
What were the main crops of the South during the colonial period?
Despite these initial misconceptions, the southern United States was rich geographically in particular for agricultural production. Tobacco, rice, and indigo were the main cash crops of the south during the colonial period. In 1612 John Rolfe introduced Tobacco into Jamestown and by 1640 England was importing 1.5 million pounds of tobacco from Virginia. Tobacco Cultivation was extremely difficult, and simple farmers on an acre of land just could not meet the demands in England on their own. With the introduction of African slaves in 1619, plantations began to arise that could meet the demand in Europe.
What were the differences between the Middle and Southern colonies?
There were considerable differences between the New England, Middle and Southern regions. Economic activities and trade were dependent on the environment in which the colonists lived. The geography and climate impacted the trade and economic activities of Middle Colonies. The Middle Colonies exported agricultural products and natural resources. The Middle colonies are often called the breadbasket colonies because they grew so many crops, especially wheat. The Middle colonies built flour mills where wheat was ground into flour, then shipped to England. A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard, and fields. The Middle Colonies were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, nails, and large blocks of iron which they exported to England. Cottage industries such as weaving, shoe-making, cabinetmaking, and other crafts were prominent in middle colonies, particularly Pennsylvania.
What are the three regions of the southern colonies?
The Atlantic Coastal Plain (divided into two parts; the Inner Coastal Plain and the Tidewater), Piedmont, and the Blue Ridge Mountains and Appalachian mountain regions.
What were the southern British colonies?
America was Jamestown, established off the Chesapeake Bay in 1607. In 1668 King Charles II granted the Carolina charter to eight Lords Proprietor. Georgia was not established as a colony until 1732 under a charter granted to James Oglethorpe by King George II .
Answer
in what ways has geography affected settlement patterns in North Africa? North Africa is mostly desert. But the ancient Egyptians found that they could grow crops by irrigation ditches from the Nile River. The same pattern has persisted -- but there people now settle in the relatively wet oases
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