Where did the Mormon pioneers settle?
They had embarked on a treacherous thousand-mile journey, looking for a new place to settle the "Promised Land." On July 24, 1847, an exhausted Brigham Young and his fellow members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints arrived in Utah's Great Salt Lake Valley and called it home.
What were some problems Pioneers had along the Mormon Trail?
Emigrants feared death from a variety of causes along the trail: lack of food or water; Indian attacks; accidents, or rattlesnake bites were a few. However, the number one killer, by a wide margin, was disease. The most dangerous diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and personal contact.
Why did Mormon pioneers settle in Utah?
Despite warnings about the region's unsuitability for agriculture and the hostile Native Americans living near the smaller, freshwater Utah Lake, the Mormons were drawn to the low population of the Salt Lake Valley.
Who lived in Utah before the Mormons?
In ancient times Utah was inhabited by various Native American groups. The ancient Pueblo People, also known as the Anasazi, built large communities in southern Utah from roughly the year 1 to 1300 AD. The Ute Tribe, from which the state takes its name, and the Navajo Indians arrived later in this region.
What are 3 facts about the Mormon Trail?
Between 1846 and 1869, some 70,000 Mormons traveled west on the trail. Some 3,000 of them pulled handcarts. The trail crossed parts of five states: Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Utah. The longest trip taken by a Mormon wagon train was Brigham Young's 1847 vanguard company.
How many pioneers died on the Mormon Trail?
Bashore and Tolley analyzed 56,000 records of pioneers who traveled to Salt Lake City between 1847 and 1868. The researchers found 1,900 deaths during the journey or within the calendar year of arrival in Salt Lake, making the overall mortality rate 3.5 percent.
Why did the Mormons like the area they chose to settle in?
Settling in Utah They also wanted to settle in a place where there was no government to bother them. Young chose Utah and was one of the first Mormons to go there with a group of followers. As the church leader, he helped set up successful communities in Utah, where many Mormons still live today.
Why do Mormons call Salt Lake City Zion?
Esoterically considered, "Zion" as used in this context is a dualistic term connoting a sanctified group of people living according to the commandments and ordinances as revealed to them. Latter Day Saints use the name to signify a group of God's followers, or any location pertaining to where they live.
Do Mormons believe Jesus is God?
Mormons regard Jesus Christ as the central figure of their faith, and the perfect example of how they should live their lives. Jesus Christ is the second person of the Godhead and a separate being from God the Father and the Holy Ghost. Mormons believe that: Jesus Christ is the first-born spirit child of God.
What was Utah called before Utah?
The Deseret StateThe Deseret State When the Mormons first came to the territory, they named the area The State of Deseret, a reference to the honeybee in The Book of Mormon . This name was the official name of the colony from 1849 to 1850. The nickname, "The Deseret State," is in reference to Utah's original name.
What does Utah mean in Native American?
people of the mountainsName Origin The name "Utah" originates from the Native American "Ute" tribe which means people of the mountains.
Who is the most famous person from Utah?
You May be Surprised to Learn that These 20 Famous People are From Utah1) Roseanne Barr (born in Salt Lake City) ... 2) Jaime Bergman (born in Salt Lake City) ... 3) Elaine Bradley (born in Logan) ... 4) John M. ... 5) Nolan Bushnell (born in Clearfield) ... 6) Jerry Buss (born in Salt Lake City) ... 7) Matthew Davis (born in Salt Lake City)More items...•
What happened on the Mormon Trail?
In 1846, Mormons left Nauvoo, Illinois because of religious persecution and traveled across Iowa, ending in Winter Quarters, Nebraska. On April 5, 1847, an advance company led by Brigham Young set off from Winter Quarters on their trek across the country, (1,040 miles) to a new home in the tops of the Rocky Mountains.
Why did emigrants take the Mormon Trail?
This journey for these immigrants began in 1846 in Nauvoo, Illinois, and ended in Salt Lake City, Utah. Like the other westward-bound emigrants, the Mormons settlers were hoping for a better life, and more importantly to them, religious freedom.
How far did the Mormon pioneers walk?
about 1,300 mileThe usage of "Mormon" and "LDS" on this page is approved according to current policy. The original 1846-1847 Mormon Trail went from Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois to Omaha, Douglas, Nebraska, to Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah. The length of the wagon trail from Nauvoo to Salt Lake City was about 1,300 mile (2,092 km).
Why was the Mormon Trail important?
The Mormon Trail is perhaps the American trek of most historical significance, as it resulted in the opening up of continental United States. Major cities in America attribute their origin to this 19th-century trek, such as Salt Lake City.
How were Mormons better equipped?
Although the struggle for survival was difficult in the first years of settlement, the Mormons were better equipped by experience than many other groups to tame the harsh land. They had pioneered other settlements in the Midwest, and their communal religious faith underscored the necessity of cooperative effort. Basic industries developed rapidly, the city was laid out, and building began. Natural resources, including timber and water, were regarded as community property; and the church organization served as the first government.
What was the Mormon village in Utah?
The Mormon village in Utah was to a degree patterned after Joseph Smith’s City of Zion, a planned community of farmers and tradesmen, with a central residential area and farms and farm buildings on the land beyond. Life in these villages centered on the day’s work and church activities. Educational facilities developed slowly. Music, dance, and drama were favorite group activities.
How did the missionaries travel to Utah?
At the same time, missionaries traveled worldwide, and thousands of religious converts from many cultural backgrounds made the long journey from their homelands to Utah via boat, rail, wagon train, and handcart.
What were the names of the towns in 1850?
Bountiful, Farmington, Ogden, Tooele, Provo, and Manti were settled by 1850. Immigration had swelled the population to 11,380, half of whom were farm families. The typical family of 1850 consisted of two parents in their 20s or early 30s and three children.
When did Joseph Smith and Hyrum move west?
When Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and his brother Hyrum were assassinated at Carthage, Illinois, in June 1844, Brigham Young and other Mormon leaders decided to abandon Nauvoo, Illinois, and move west. Their exodus began February 4, 1846.
What was the impact of the reports of Fremont and conversations with Father De Smet, a Jesuit missionary?
The reports of Fremont and conversations with Father De Smet, a Jesuit missionary to the Indians, helped to influence their choice to head for the Great Basin. An advance party, including three African-Americans, entered Salt Lake Valley July 22, 1847, and the rest of the company on July 24.
Who was the president of the Mormons during the Mexican War?
With the outbreak of the Mexican War, President James Knox Polk asked the Mormons for a battalion of men. Volunteers were recruited and the Mormon Battalion formed. During their famous march of 1846–1847 from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to San Diego, California, they forged a wagon route across the extreme Southwest.
How many handcart companies were there in Utah?
Handcart companies were few. Of the more than 250 organized Latter-day Saint companies that came to Utah during the pioneer era, only 10 companies, consisting of about 3,000 people total, were handcart companies. Five handcart companies came in 1856, two in 1857, one in 1859, and two in 1860. Each of these companies had accompanying supply wagons to carry the heaviest items, such as tents, food, and other supplies. One wagon was provided for every 100 people.
What was the main means of gathering to the Salt Lake Valley?
From 1861 to 1868, down-and-back wagon trains became the main means of gathering to the Salt Lake Valley. Teamsters from wards in the Salt Lake Valley filled wagons with supplies, drove them east to the outfitting posts, and led emigrants in their journey to the valley.
How many miles did the first wagon travel in 1847?
Lessons were learned, and methods of travel and communication improved. From its outfitting posts, the first 1847 company traveled more than 1,000 miles by wagon in 111 days; the last 1868 company traveled about 300 miles by wagon in 24 days.
How many people came to Utah in 1847?
An estimated 60,000 to 70,000 pioneers traveled to Utah during those years. Hundreds of thousands of other emigrants traveled to other points in the West, primarily California and Oregon.
How many people died on the Willie and Martin handcart?
While tragedy hit the Willie and Martin handcart companies in 1856, and more than 200 people died before they could reach Zion, most members of these two companies survived. The leading cause of death on the trail was sickness, such as cholera or diarrhea.
When did emigration begin?
Emigration methods evolved between 1847 and 1868. During the entire period, emigrants traveled in organized wagon trains and in independent companies. Many people also joined freight wagon trains that were delivering goods to Utah. From 1856 to 1860, handcart companies were organized as a more economical means of travel.
What time did the guard cry the correct time?
12th That every member of the camp be at their quarters at nine o’clock, and that the Guard Cry the correct time each 1/2 hour without making any unnecessary noise. Captain Hyde made some remarks. Showed the great importance of vigilence on the part of the herds, men, And night guard. And set forth the character of the Indians, etc etc.” 3
What is the Anasazi tribe?
The Anasazi tribe, also known as the Ancestral Pueblo culture, was the largest and most prominent Southwestern prehistoric group of people. Yet evidence of the tribe's unique history is only represented by archaeological remains and written accounts provided by Spanish explorers. This is due to the fact that there are no accounts providing insight ...
What are the Anasazi people's beliefs?
The religion of the Anasazi people was based on their belief of Earth, not only the source of their food and protection, but also as a sacred place connecting them to a Great Spirit . The lifestyles of the Anasazi people were often depicted in various art forms, including pottery and rock art pictographs, or pictorial art. Many of the traditions and customs of the Pueblo Indians are derived from the original Anasazi tribe originating 2000 years ago.
What are the cliff dwellers in the Anasazi culture?
Archaeological discoveries of ancient campsites and skeletal remains also represent the uniqueness of the Anasazi culture, who are often known by the term cliff dwellers, which identifies a specific method used to build Anasazi homes. Typical Anasazi communities were literally built on rock ledges in canyons, the ruins of which are still evident today in the Southwestern United States. These ruins show us that communities were structured to accommodate hundreds of individuals. These structures symbolize Anasazi occupation and culture that spanned for centuries.
Why were masks used in Anasazi rituals?
These masks were used to foster the promotion of fertility among the tribe and other important aspects, economically as well as socially, to ensure the future of the Anasazi people. Earth was regarded as sacred. All living things were believed to have a spirit and soul, connected to a Great Spirit.
Why was the Anasazi religion important?
The religion of the Anasazi tribe was designed to maintain a harmonious connection with nature, believing this provided an abundance of good health, good crops, and good weather. Religion was also regarded as the focal point of success, impacting every aspect of daily life. Therefore, all members of the Anasazi community actively participated in religious rituals, usually under the supervision and leaderships of the tribe's elders.
What are the important things that the Anasazi tribe made?
Basket making, pottery, and woven fabrics are very significant to the art of the Anasazi tribe. Each item provides a wealth of information regarding their religious practices, philosophical beliefs and artistic values.
What did the Anasazi tribe use to kill wild animals?
The Anasazi people used spears and other tools to kill wild game such as rabbits, bison, prairie dogs, antelope, elk, and deer. Seeds and corn were often ground into meal, and nuts were ground into a paste. Basket making, pottery, and woven fabrics are very significant to the art of the Anasazi tribe.
What does Rigdon promise in his patriotic oration?
July 4: While giving a patriotic oration, Rigdon promises that Mormons will defend themselves and warns of a "war of extermination" with hostile neighbors.
What tribes did Lehi descend from?
Lehi's descendants divide into two tribes, the Nephites and the Lamanites, named after two of Lehi's sons. The Nephites, initially more prosperous and religious, become corrupt over time and are locked into centuries of warfare with the nomadic Lamanites, whom Mormons consider the ancestors of Native Americans.
How long did the Lamanites have peace with Christ?
Christ's appearance inaugurates a period of harmony with the Lamanites that lasts 200 years, but eventually the tribes fall into conflict again. 385 A.D. A Nephite prophet named Mormon has been writing the story of his people.
What is the first book of Smith's revelations?
The first collection of Smith's revelations is prepared for publication as The Book of Commandments.
How many revelations did Joseph Smith have?
One hundred thirty eight of Smith's revelations are published in a book called Doctrine and Covenants. Included among these are the sixty-five revelations published in The Book of Commandments, plus seven "Lectures on Faith" prepared by Joseph Smith, which are not described as revelations. 1836.
What does Joseph do with Emma's father?
December: Emma's father allows the couple to stay in a small house on his property, and Joseph begins the task of translating the writing of the gold book, using his interpretation device and dictating the results to Emma.
Where was Brigham Young born?
June 1: Brigham Young is born in the town of Whitingham to a family of Vermont farmers. 1805. December 23: Joseph Smith, Junior is born in Sharon, Vermont, fifth child of Lucy and Joseph Smith, a hard-luck farmer whose family moves frequently as his business ventures fail.
Why did the Anasazi civilization decline?
Historians can only theorize why the Anasazi civilization declined. One explanation is attack by hostile tribes. Others believe the resources of the area were becoming exhausted.
How many years did the Anasazi period last?
The Anasazi period actually covers nine different periods and spans over 8500 years. A timeline of the Anasazi, based on archaeological and other evidence, is available at this University of California, San Diego website.
Why did the Anasazi build their houses?
The Anasazi built their dwellings under overhanging cliffs to protect them from the elements. Using blocks of sandstone and a mud mortar, the tribe crafted some of the world's longest standing structures.
What were the structures of the Anasazi community?
One component of the Anasazi community were the kivas. These structures were used for religious celebrations. This kiva is from the Sand Canyon Pueblo, Crow Canyon, in the Mesa Verde region and dates back to the 13th century.
What does Anasazi mean?
Anasazi means "ancient outsiders." Like many peoples during the agricultural era, the Anasazi employed a wide variety of means to grow high-yield crops in areas of low rainfall. Their baskets and pottery are highly admired by collectors and are still produced by their descendants for trade. It is their cliff dwellings, however, that captivate the modern archæologist, historian, and tourist.
What was the year 1000?
In the centuries that led to the year 1000, Europe was emerging from chaos. Tribes roamed the countryside evoking fear from luckless peasants. The grandeur that was Rome had long passed. Across the Atlantic, the North American continent was also inhabited by tribes.
Who was the little man who traveled from village to village with a flute and a sack of corn?
According to Anasazi legend, Kokopelli was a little man who traveled from village to village with a flute and a sack of corn. At night he would play his flute among the fields, and the people would awake to find the crops taller than ever before.
What was the political life of the Latter Day Saints?
At first Latter-day Saints found political life in Arizona difficult. In Apache County, friction among Mexicans, ranchers, and traders escalated into fierce struggles by 1880. In 1884 David K. Udall and a few others were imprisoned for practicing plural marriage; many fled to Mexico. But after the manifesto was issued in 1890, two-party politics were embraced and Church members found a place in Arizona's political institutions.
When did the Colorado River start to colonize?
In 1873 colonization began in earnest.
Who settled in Arizona in 1921?
McClintock, James H. Mormon Settlement in Arizona: Record of Peaceful Conquest of the Desert. Phoenix, Ariz., 1921.
What was the conflict between the wagon train and the Mormons?
Although historical accounts differ, the conflict with the wagon train of emigrants from Missouri and Arkansas apparently began when the Latter-day Saints refused to sell the train any supplies. Some of the emigrants then began to commit minor depredations against fields, abuse the local Paiute tribes, and taunt the Mormons with reminders of how the Missourians had attacked and chased them out of that state during the 1830s.
What did the guerillas convince the Paitues to do?
The guerillas persuaded the emigrants that they had convinced the Paitues to let them go if they would surrender their arms and allow the Latter-day Saints to escort the wagon train through the territory. But as the train again moved forward under the LDS escort, a guerilla leader gave a pre-arranged signal. The Latter-day Saints opened fire on the ...
How many people died in the Mountain Meadows massacre?
But when the shooting stopped in Mountain Meadows, 120 men and women were dead. Only 18 small children were spared. As a direct result of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, the U.S. government demanded a new settlement from Brigham Young.
Where did the Mormons kill the emigrants?
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as Mormons), stoked by religious zeal and a deep resentment of decades of public abuse and federal interference, murder 120 emigrants at Mountain Meadows, Utah on September 11, 1857.
Who opened fire on the unarmed male emigrants?
But as the train again moved forward under the LDS escort, a guerilla leader gave a pre-arranged signal. The Latter-day Saints opened fire on the unarmed male emigrants, while the Paiutes reportedly murdered the women.