what feature characterized the settlements of the mogollon culture

During the Mogollon 1 period, the people lived in small villages of circular wattle-and-daub pit houses, the floors of which were from 10 to 40 inches (25 to 100 cm) below ground level; entrance was usually through tunnels.

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What are the six regions of the Mogollon culture?

While there are traits that characterize the broader Mogollon tradition, there were distinct features found among six more localized regions (Mimbres, Black River, San Simon, Jornada, Pine Lawn, and Forestdale) in the larger cultural area.

What is the history of the Mogollons?

See Article History. Mogollon culture, prehistoric North American Indian peoples who, from approximately ad 200–1450, lived in the mostly mountainous region of what are now southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Their name derives from the Mogollon Mountains in New Mexico.

How did houses change during the Mogollon 5 period?

In the Mogollon 5 period, and especially during the Mimbres phase, profound changes occurred: pit houses were replaced by adobe and masonry apartment houses that were built at ground level and rose one to three stories high. These pueblo villages sometimes contained 40 to 50 rooms arranged around a plaza.

What are the different types of Mogollons?

Research on Mogollon culture has led to the recognition of regional variants, of which the most widely recognized in popular media is the Mimbres culture (Mimbres Mogollon branch). Others include the Jornada, Forestdale, Reserve, Point of Pines (or Black River), San Simon, and Upper Gila branches.

Why did Hohokam settlements utilize irrigation canals?

The Hohokam were the only culture in North America to rely on irrigation canals to supply water to their crops. In the arid desert environment of the Salt and Gila River Valleys, the homeland of the Hohokam, there was not enough rainfall to grow crops.

What environmental factor most shaped the Archaic cultures of the Eastern woodlands?

What environmental factor shaped the cultures of the Archaic peoples of the Eastern Woodland? hunting deer.

What was a major difference between the Mogollon culture of New Mexico in AD 500 and the Hohokam settlements in Arizona during the same period?

What was a major difference between the Mogollon culture of New Mexico in AD 500 and the Hohokam settlements in Arizona during the same period? The Hohokam had come north from Mexico and continued Mexican cultural practices.

What characteristic was common across the many tribes inhabiting North America?

What characteristic was common across the many tribes inhabiting North America at the dawn of European colonization? Their cultures had developed in relation to their local natural environments.

What are the most important features of the Archaic tradition?

The primary characteristic of Archaic cultures is a change in subsistence and lifestyle; their Paleo-Indian predecessors were highly nomadic, specialized hunters and gatherers who relied on a few species of wild plants and game, but Archaic peoples lived in larger groups, were sedentary for part of the year, and ...

What is one cultural characteristic Native American tribes of the Eastern Woodlands shared?

These cultures were characterized by the building of substantial lodges, the coalescence of hamlets into concentrated villages, and the development of elaborate rituals and religious practices.

What is the Mogollon culture known for?

The Mogollon are probably best known for the distinctive black-on-white pottery of the Mimbres Mogollon. Close ties with the Ancestral Puebloans to the north, the Hohokam and Patayan cultures to the west, and the cultures of Mexico are evident not only in pottery designs, but in shared styles and artifacts.

What was the Mogollon lifestyle like?

They may have lived in fear of raids by nomadic bands who still clung to a predominantly hunting and gathering way of life. The early Mogollon lived in semi-subterranean lodges, or "pithouses," which consisted of excavated holes typically covered by domed roofs.

How did the Mogollon people use their land?

The new, above-ground, more populous Mogollon towns now cultivated larger fields, raised larger crops and constructed larger ditch-fed irrigation systems. They cached food, not in underground storage pits or large pots, but in masonry rooms with rock slab floors.

What was the most densely settled area in all of ancient North America?

CaliforniaC. 1. The richness of the natural environment made present-day California the most densely settled and culturally diverse area in ancient North America.

Who were the first settlers in North America and where did they come from?

The Age of Discovery But the very first people to ever settle on American land weren't from Europe. It's widely accepted that the first settlers were hunter-gatherers that came to North America from the North Asia Mammoth steppe via the Bering land bridge.

Where did the first societies in North America come from?

The first North Americans are believed to have migrated from Siberia, in northeast Asia, by crossing a land bridge over the Bering Strait. These populations fanned out southward, to present-day Florida, California, Mexico, and Central America.

What is the Eastern Woodland culture?

Eastern Woodlands culture, term used to refer to Native American societies inhabiting the eastern United States. The earliest Woodland groups were the Adena and Hopewell, who lived in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys between 800 BC and AD 800.

How did the introduction of bows and arrows affect the Archaic Indians?

How did the introduction of bows and arrows affect Archaic Indians? Bows permitted hunters to wound animals from farther away. Why did native peoples in California remain hunters and gatherers for hundreds of years after Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere? Both land and ocean provided an abundant food supply.

How did Native American cultures adapt to the extinction of big game?

How did Native American cultures adapt to the extinction of big game? Paleo-Indians began foraging wild plant foods. How long did it take Paleo-Indians to migrate throughout the Western Hemisphere after their initial arrival?

Which factor enables archaeologists to study those who inhabited North America 1492?

CardsTerm In their study of the past, Archaeologists focus on __.Definition Physical ArtifactsTerm The Americans who inhabited North America in 1492 possessed __.Definition Many forms of symbolic representationTerm Which factor limits historians' work on ancient America?Definition A lack of written records77 more rows•Jun 8, 2013

What did the savages stop eating?

A. They stopped eating wild plants, seeds, and nuts.

Can tribes get pottery?

A. Most tribes could not obtain pottery.

What is the Mogollon culture?

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Mogollon culture , prehistoric North American Indian peoples who , from approximately ad 200–1450, lived in the mostly mountainous region ...

Where did the Mogollon people live?

Mogollon culture, prehistoric North American Indian peoples who, from approximately ad 200–1450, lived in the mostly mountainous region of what are now southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Their name derives from the Mogollon Mountains in New Mexico.

What were the changes in the Mogollon 5 period?

In the Mogollon 5 period, and especially during the Mimbres phase, profound changes occurred: pit houses were replaced by adobe and masonry apartment houses that were built at ground level and rose one to three stories high.

How many developmental periods are there in Mogollon?

In speaking about Mogollon culture generally, however, scholars frequently make reference to five developmental periods: Mogollon 1 and 2, approximately ad200–650; Mogollon 3, 650–850; Mogollon 4, 850–1000; and Mogollon 5, 1000–1450, which includes the Classic Mimbres phase, 1050–1200.

How many rooms were there in the Pueblo?

These pueblo villages sometimes contained 40 to 50 rooms arranged around a plaza. Such traits, together with others, were probably introduced to the area by Ancestral Pueblo. There is evidence from this period that Ancestral Pueblo and Mogollon individuals lived peacefully in the same villages.

Where did the pottery come from in the Southwest?

The first pottery in the Southwest was made by the Mogollon, and it was well made from the beginning, suggesting that the craft may have been imported from Mexico. Mimbres bowl.

What did the Cahokians use for their henges?

Experts believe that the Cahokians used woodhenges for

Who hunted the bison herds of the Great Plains?

Archaic Indians who hunted the bison herds of the Great Plains were

Did the people engage in trade with other tribes?

A. The people did not engage in trade with other tribes.

What is important to know about Mogollon culture? How did it change through time?

During the Early Pithouse period, people tended to live in upland locations, building deep circular, oval, or amorphous pithouses, often with ramps or vestibules. They clustered these dwellings in small groups. People made brown pottery using the coil-and-scrape method, sometimes covering vessels with a red slip.

When did Mogollon culture flourish?

As archaeologists traditionally recognize it, Mogollon culture existed from approximately A.D. 200 until sometime between 1400 and 1450. Archaeologists divide this span into three periods: Early Pithouse (ca. A.D. 200–550), Late Pithouse (550–1000), and Mogollon Pueblo (1000–1400/1450). The Mogollon Pueblo period includes the Classic Mimbres era (1000–1130).

Where is the Mogollon region?

The Mogollon tradition is found in high-altitude and desert areas in the mountains and plateaus of what is now central Arizona, west-central and southern New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Sonora and Chihuahua. Mogollon settlements tend to be concentrated along rivers. Archaeologists have identified several “branches” of Mogollon culture in different areas. The most famous of these is the Mimbres Mogollon, but other Mogollon groups include the Jornada, Forestdale, Reserve, Point of Pines, and San Simon branches.

What was the architecture of the Mogollon Pueblo?

Later in the Mogollon Pueblo period, there was a great deal of regional diversity in architecture, which could be of masonry or adobe construction, and in pottery, which embodies a variety of painted black-on-white and polychrome traditions. Villages were usually located on valley floors near good agricultural land.

Where are the Mogollon cliff dwellings?

Cliff dwellings, such as those at southwestern New Mexico’ s Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (see images on front side), became more common during the 1200s and 1300s. The large adobe pueblos of the Upper Gila River and its tributaries (1200s–1400s), as well as the masonry pueblos of the Mogollon Rim area in Arizona (1200s–1300s), are some of the last in the Mogollon region with large populations. Although much of the area where we find Mogollon culture was subsequently inhabited by more mobile groups, such as the Apache, many modern-day Pueblo people believe that Mogollon traditions are part of their heritage, and archaeology bears this out.

What were the main crops of the Pithouse period?

Beginning in the Late Pithouse period, however, they became more invested in farming maize (corn), beans, and squash, becoming less mobile as a result. As their dependence on maize agriculture increased, they built extensive irrigation features. These are especially common along the Mimbres River during the tenth through twelfth centuries. Elk, deer, turkeys, small game, wild plants, and other wild resources were probably always important in the diet of these farmers.

Who and where were the Mogollon?

Regions of ancient regional tribes in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico (Ricraider, CC BY 3.0)

Why did the Mogollon disappear?

For reasons still debated, the Mogollon disappear from the archaeological record in the mid-15th century , likely the result of them joining with Pueblo or Hopi villages. Today, multiple Native groups claim descent from the Mogollon or are intertwined with their history, including Zuni, Hopi, Acoma, and the Rarámuri (in Mexico). Apache peoples migrated into the Mogollon area after the 15th century—around the time that the Mogollon stopped appearing in the archaeological record.

What were the mogollon houses?

Existing archaeological evidence indicates that early on, small Mogollon communities were clustered on hilltops in pithouses. These were circular or oval rooms dug into the ground, which helped to maintain a comfortable temperature.

How many petroglyphs were made in the Mogollon?

The Mogollon peoples also produced a great deal of rock art, such as at Three Rivers Petroglyph site where there are more than 20,000 petroglyphs made between 900 –1400. While to visitors today many such sites might seem remote and isolated, these petroglyphs were part of a dynamic landscape, one that would been dotted with pithouses, many of which have since returned to the earth. Besides carving into living rock, Mogollon people also painted on them.

What are the regions of Mogollon?

While there are traits that characterize the broader Mogollon tradition, there were distinct features found among six more localized regions (Mimbres, Black River, San Simon, Jornada, Pine Lawn, and Forestdale) in the larger cultural area. In addition to the Mogollon, the Greater Southwest region included the Hohokam, Ancestral Puebloan, Patayan, ...

When did Mogollon begin to build?

Around the year 1000 , Mogollon peoples began to build above ground and made square living spaces. We also find large round ceremonial rooms that have been called “great kivas” beginning around 850, and which could accommodate large gatherings.

What are the cultures of the Southwest?

In addition to the Mogollon, the Greater Southwest region included the Hohokam, Ancestral Puebloan, Patayan, and Sinagua cultures. While today scholars tend to discuss them as distinct, it is likely that they are different regional variations and were more entangled than these modern-day divisions suggest.

Where did the Mogollon culture originate?

Mogollon culture / mʌɡᵻˈjoʊn, moʊ- / is an archaeological culture of indigenous peoples from Southern New Mexico and Arizona, Northern Sonora and Chihuahua, and Western Texas, a region known as Oasisamerica.

How did Mogollon villages change?

The nature and density of Mogollon residential villages changed through time. The earliest Mogollon villages are small hamlets composed of several pithouses (houses excavated into the ground surface, with stick and thatch roofs supported by a network of posts and beams, and faced on the exterior with earth). Village sizes increased over time and by the 11th century surface pueblos (ground level dwellings made with rock and earth walls, and with roofs supported by post and beam networks) became common. Cliff-dwellings became common during the 13th and 14th centuries.

What were the Mogollon?

The Mogollon were, initial ly, foragers who augmented their subsistence efforts by farming. Through the first millennium CE, however, dependence on farming probably increased. Water control features are common among Mimbres branch sites from the 10th through 12th centuries CE.

How many periods are there in Mogollon culture?

Mogollon culture is often divided into five periods proposed by Joe Ben Wheat in 1955:

Where are the Mogollon sites?

Archaeological sites attributed to the Mogollon culture are found in the Gila Wilderness, Mimbres River Valley, along the Upper Gila river, Paquime and Hueco Tanks, an area of low mountains between the Franklin Mountains to the west and the Hueco Mountains to the east. Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwestern New Mexico was established as a National Monument on 16 November 1907. It contains several archaeological sites attributed to the Mimbres branch. At the headwaters of the Gila, Mimbres populations adjoined another more northern branch of the Mogollon culture. The TJ Ruin, for example, is a Classic Mimbres phase pueblo, however the cliff dwellings are Tularosa phase. The Hueco Tanks State Historic Site is approximately 32 mi (51 km) northeast of El Paso, Texas.

Where was Mogollon pottery found?

The distinct facets of Mogollon culture were recorded by Emil Haury, based on his excavations in 1931, 1933, and 1934 at the Harris Village in Mimbres, New Mexico, and the Mogollon Village on the upper San Francisco River in New Mexico Haury recognized differences between architecture and artifacts from these sites as compared with sites in the Hohokam archaeological culture area and the Ancestral Pueblo archaeological culture area. Key differences included brown-paste, coil-and-scrape pottery, deeply excavated semi-subterranean pithouses and different ceremonial architecture. Eight decades of subsequent research have confirmed Haury's initial findings. Today, the distinctiveness of the Mogollon pottery manufacture, architectural construction, ground-stone tool design, habits and customs of residence location, and mortuary treatment is generally recognized.

Where did the name Mogollon come from?

The name Mogollon comes from the Mogollon Mountains, which were named after Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón, Spanish Governor of New Spain (including what is now New Mexico) from 1712 to 1715. The name was chosen and defined in 1936 by archaeologist Emil W. Haury.

Overview

Etymology

Cultural traits

History

Sites

Mimbres branch

Descendants

See also