Settlement patterns describe the ways in which villages, towns, cities and First Nation reserves are distributed, as well as the factors that influence this arrangement. Throughout Canadian history, climate, natural resources, transportation methods and government policy have affected human settlement in the country.
What factors affect settlement patterns?
Factors That Influence Settlement Patterns. Settlement patterns are the ways in which human settlements are distributed across the earth’s land, including the locations of cities, towns and even individual homes. Where people settle is determined by a wide range of factors related to both nature and human society.
What determines where people settle?
Where people settle is determined by a wide range of factors related to both nature and human society. Examining the reasons behind different settlement patterns is an important part of understanding the geography of the world we live in. One of the most basic factors affecting settlement patterns is the physical geography of the land.
What is the origin and evolution of human settlement?
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Origin of settlements can be traced back to the caves where people gathered for protection against the natural forces or for defence against rival tribes. These places of communal living gave way to the village.
Why did humans first start to settle down in cities?
When humans first started to settle down, it was because we started to switch to an agrarian society. An agrarian society is a society where cultivating the land is the primary source of wealth: where the focus is on agriculture and farming. So naturally, the places we chose to live had good quality, fertile soil and a strong water supply.
What influences human settlement?
Some of the factors that have positive influence on developing a human settlement are water supply, flat and arable land, protection, shelter from weather, bridging point, crossroad – intersection of roads, while land that floods, marshy or steep land, no protection, no building or water supply, may be considered to be ...
What factors caused the human settlements to expand?
Early human beings lived on trees and in caves. When they started to grow crops it became necessary to have a permanent home. The settlements grew near the river valleys as water was available and land was fertile. With the development of trade, commerce and manufacturing, human settlements became larger.
How have human settlements evolved?
Patterns of human settlements evolve in accordance with the natural conditions. Using the resources from the surroundings man constructed houses and started living in them.In the modern era of science and technology , people have made a remarkable progress in the construction of shelter.
What was the greatest determining factor of human settlement?
Answer: water was the greatest determining factor of human settlement.
What could have influenced the location of the settlement?
Physical factors that influence the location of a settlement include ; Water suppy - settlements need water, Defence - building on high ground allowed people the chance to look out for enemies and Aspect & shelter and The economic factors include; Communications - settlements often located next to rivers that allowed ...
How did human settlement start?
By about 14,000 years ago, the first settlements built with stone began to appear, in modern-day Israel and Jordan. The inhabitants, sedentary hunter-gatherers called Natufians, buried their dead in or under their houses, just as Neolithic peoples did after them.
How did agriculture influence human settlement?
Agriculture allowed people to stay in one place, and increased food production caused the population density to expand far beyond levels that could be sustained by hunting and gathering alone. This growth in population density provided a critical mass of people to sustain and spread contagious infectious diseases.
What is history of settlement?
It is the study of settlement in regions of old civilization, the analysis · of the facts that led to the full development of the areas, that will provide.
Why do settlements change?
Settlements develop and change due to variety of processes and their sustainability allows them to function successfully, affecting the identity of that location.
What were the first human settlements?
About 6,000 years ago, humans first set up camp on this site called Erbil Citadel, or Qalat as it is known locally. That makes Erbil Citadel, located in the center of Erbil, Iraq, the oldest continuously occupied human settlement.
Why Do Humans Live Where They Live?
Over 12,000 years ago, humans were hunter-gatherers. We lived a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place over the seasons and years. Considering humans have been around for hundreds of thousands of years, the way we live now - settling down in one place for long stretches of time - is a pretty new lifestyle. But if you're going to settle down, you have a lot of places to choose from. So, why did we choose to live where we did? And what decides where we live today?
How long ago were humans hunter-gatherers?
All these factors and more are rather random - they're based on the environment and outside human control, but they have a big influence on where the towns and cities in which we live are located. Over 12,000 years ago , humans were hunter-gatherers.
What are environmental factors?
Environmental factors create either livable or unlivable conditions which influence where humans decide to settle and why. Learn more about the role of Agrarian societies in determining where humans settle, and how resources or events draw people to areas to live. Updated: 11/07/2021
What natural resources allowed us to manufacture and build our products?
The presence of wood, stone and metal ores allowed us to manufacture and build our products. And because these natural resources could be sold, a settlement located near any of these things tended to do very well for itself. And then there were the rarer, expensive natural resources, like gold, silver and oil.
Why are people drawn to Northern Canada?
But it's not just natural resources and money that attracts people to an area, because they have to actually live there. A warm, temperate and pleasant climate can be attractive to people. There was never the same number of people migrating to Northern Canada as there were to the United States, and climate is a big reason for that.
Why was the gold rush so important?
And then there were the rarer, expensive natural resources, like gold, silver and oil. The gold rush was a rapid movement of people because of the discovery of gold, especially to California and other parts of the Western United States in the 19th century. When we discovered gold, people saw their opportunity to get rich and rushed to find their own piece of the prize.
What are the natural resources that attract people to an area?
And then there were the rarer, expensive natural resources, like gold, silver and oil. But it's not just natural resources and money that attracts people to an area, because they have to actually live there, too. A warm, temperate and pleasant climate can be attractive to people.
How did the settlements of the 1800s affect the world?
Settlement patterns have always been affected by the technology available to settlers, and especially by methods of transportation. In the past, when boats were the best way to transport goods and people, most major settlements were located next to the sea or rivers. In fact, the world’s biggest cities today are still located next to water, though transportation technology has allowed inland regions to be populated too. In the 1800s, the American West and other parts of the world saw settlements spring up along the newly built railroads, and today highways and roads form an even bigger factor.
What is the pattern of settlement?
Settlement patterns are the ways in which human settlements are distributed across the earth’s land, including the locations of cities, towns and even individual homes. Where people settle is determined by a wide range of factors related to both nature and human society.
Why did settlers come to cities?
Historically, settlers often came in search of places to start farms, and later they came to cities to look for jobs.
Why is climate important for settlement?
One of the most basic factors affecting settlement patterns is the physical geography of the land. Climate is key, because if a place is too dry, too cold or too hot, it’s more difficult for large numbers of people to settle there, especially if they make their living from farming. The land itself is important too because some types of soil are much better for agriculture than others, or they support different types of crops. Though modern transportation allows people to settle farther from where their food is farmed, places with wet, mild climates are still more densely populated than places that are very dry or very cold.
What are the factors that influence people's decision to migrate?
Broadly speaking, there are two categories of factors that influence people’s decisions to migrate. Push factors occur where someone is currently living and make continuing to live there less attractive. A push factor could be political unrest, a lack of job opportunities, or overcrowding. Pull factors occur in a potential destination and make it an attractive place to migrate to. A pull factor could be better job opportunities or having relatives or friends who have already moved to this location.
What were the factors that influenced the migration of the Bantu people?
In the preindustrial era, environmental factors like droughts, natural disasters, and climate all influenced human decisions about where to migrate. The expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples through Central Africa illustrates this relationship between environment and migration. Before we look at the movement of Bantu people, it is important to note that Bantu does not refer to a single community of people. It is a language family whose speakers also shared many cultural practices. There are several hundred distinct Bantu languages, of which Swahili is most widely spoken today.
How did Bantu affect the environment?
Introducing new crops and farming techniques altered the natural landscape. Raising cattle also displaced wild animal species. Agriculture improved the ability of Bantu-speakers to reproduce and expand more quickly. But, agriculture also had more noticeable impacts on the environment than hunting and gathering.
How did agriculture affect the population?
Agriculture allowed for the population to grow and that lead to labor specialization . Hunting and gathering limited the population to small groups of people, constantly moving around for food. Agriculture also made people settle down, in one place, you know, to grow crops.
What are the causes of migration?
Causes of migration. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling in the new location. When large numbers of people relocate, historians ask questions about why these people moved and what impacts their movements had. Broadly speaking, there are two categories of factors ...
What is the movement of people from one place to another with the intent to settle?
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intent to settle
Why did the population increase in sub-Saharan Africa?
Although estimates of population for sub-Saharan Africa are speculative, they do seem to confirm the trend of increased population growth occurring with the spread of agriculture and iron technology.
How did industrialization affect migration?
Industrialization encouraged migration wherever it appeared. The increasingly global economy globalized the labor market. The Atlantic slave trade diminished sharply after 1820, which gave rise to self-bound contract labor migration from Europe and Asia to plantations. Overcrowding, open agricultural frontiers, and rising industrial centers attracted voluntary migrants. Moreover, migration was significantly made easier by improved transportation techniques.
When did the pre-modern human migration begin?
Studies show that the pre-modern migration of human populations begins with the movement of Homo erectus out of Africa across Eurasia about 1.75 million years ago.
What was the migration of the 13th century?
The 13th century was the time of the great Mongol and Turkic migrations across Eurasia, where the Eurasian steppe has time and again provided a ready migration-path - for (for example) Huns, Bulgars, Tatars and Slavs . Between the 11th and 18th centuries, numerous migrations took place in Asia.
What are the three types of migration Manning distinguishes?
Manning distinguishes three major types of migration: labor migration, refugee migrations, and urbanization.
What was the migration period in Africa?
4th to 6th century Migration Period. Before the expansion of the Bantu languages and their speakers, the southern half of Africa is believed to have been populated by Pygmies and Khoisan -speaking people, whose descendants today occupy the arid regions around the Kalahari Desert and the forests of Central Africa.
How many Europeans left Europe in the 19th century?
In the 16th century, perhaps 240,000 Europeans entered American ports. In the 19th century over 50 million people left Europe for the Americas alone.
How did the Second World War affect migration?
In April 1915 the Ottoman government embarked upon the systematic decimation of its civilian Armenian population. The persecutions continued with varying intensity until 1923 when the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist and was replaced by the Republic of Turkey. The Armenian population of the Ottoman state was reported at about two million in 1915. An estimated one million had perished by 1918, while hundreds of thousands had become homeless and stateless refugees. By 1923 virtually the entire Armenian population of Anatolian Turkey had disappeared. Four hundred thousand Jews had already moved to Palestine in the early twentieth century, and numerous Jews to America, as already mentioned. The Russian Civil War caused some three million Russians, Poles, and Germans to migrate out of the new Soviet Union. Decolonization following the Second World War also caused migrations.
What are the factors that influenced the development of settlements?
The danger or fire and flood, extreme climatic conditions, the possibility of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, lack of natural resources or fertile soils – all influenced decisions either to settle in a given area or to move to a more favourable site.
What is the definition of human settlement?
Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976) defined human settlements as “the totality of the human community - whether city, town or village - with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it. The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements and services to which these elements provide the material support”. The physical components comprise, Shelter, i. e. the superstructures of different shapes, size, type and materials erected by mankind for security, privacy and protection from the elements and for his singularity within a community; Infrastructure, i. . the complex networks designed to deliver to or remove from the shelter people, goods, energy or information; Services cover those required by a community for the fulfilment of its functions as a social body, such as education, health, culture, welfare, recreation and nutrition. All settlements essentially involve the making of places. Each place is a differentiated portion of the earth’s surface of previously undifferentiated space, a portion that is distinguishable from other such portions and has a specific meaning. What makes a place is always some schema, some ordering principle, which varies in different cultures.
Why do people build environments?
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Why people build environments? In order to understand built environments, one should know how the human mind works. The human mind imposes an order on the world. The world is chaotic and disorderly which; the human mind classifies, orders and onto it, imposes cognitive schemata. Settlements, buildings and landscapes are results of this activity. Hence, built environments including settlements are one way of ordering the world. INTRODUCTION
How did cities develop?
Few cities that thrived with great cultures began with a plan. They developed by a process of accretion; the growth was irregular, responsive to the changes in the habits of people and dynamic in character. They began as free cities settled voluntarily. Their external form and the physical pattern were introduced according to the structure of the land itself or the manner in which the land was apportioned among the inhabitants.
What was the role of the village in the development of agriculture?
The village was a by-product of the development of agriculture in areas where there was an adequate water supply and fertile soil. Many of these earliest villages arose adjacent to what are now the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers. In addition to the role of providing shelter to its people, the village was also an appropriate sanctuary for the altar of their Deity, a meeting place for assembly, and a centre for trade. As this environment became increasingly populated, urbanization resulted.
Why are cities larger than villages?
Communities larger than the village came as a result of the growth of crops and the breeding of stock on a more permanent basis than before. The production of hard grains that could be stored for a longer period of time offered stability, since it assured insurance against starvation. The ability of these urban areas to preserve food made it possible to diversify into other activities. With a development of diversified economy not totally dependent on food production, it became possible to attract people into a labour pool, thus providing employment in a variety of forms.
Where are most of the settlements located?
Moderate climates were always preferred to settle. Most of the settlements are located between the latitudes 60-degree North and 45-degree South. Although extreme temperatures are found within these boundaries, as the climate is favourable for habitation for major parts of the year. Geographic studies indicate that settlements seldom form where the topography is steep. Some cities are located at high altitudes, but the slope of the land is relatively level. For example, Denver, Colorado and Mexico City are around 5000 feet above sea level but the terrain at these sites is relatively flat.
How did horses impact the world?
Equine strength and agility meant that horses could also carry cargo, plow farmland and even clear forests. Perhaps most influential of all, horses changed the nature of war . Nothing was more feared than a horse-drawn chariot or a mounted warrior, and societies that mastered the use of cavalry typically prevailed in battle.
Who is the author of 11 innovations that changed the course of human history?
Author: Evan Andrews. DNY59/Getty Images.
How did antibiotics save lives?
A giant step forward in the field of medicine, antibiotics saved millions of lives by killing and preventing the growth of harmful bacteria. Scientists like Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister were the first to recognize and attempt to combat bacteria, but it was Alexander Fleming who made the first leap in antibiotics when he accidentally discovered the bacteria-inhibiting mold known as penicillin in 1928. Antibiotics proved to be a major improvement on antiseptics—which killed human cells along with bacteria—and their use spread rapidly throughout the 20th century. Nowhere was their effect more apparent than on the battlefield: While nearly 20 percent of soldiers who contracted bacterial pneumonia died in World War I, with antibiotics—namely Penicillin—that number dropped to only 1 percent during World War II. Antibiotics including penicillin, vancomycin, cephalosporin and streptomycin have gone on to fight nearly every known form of infection, including influenza, malaria, meningitis, tuberculosis and most sexually transmitted diseases.
What are the causes of the rise and fall of ancient civilizations?
Shifts in climate – both large and small – are at least partly responsible for the rise and fall of many ancient civilizations.
When we excavate the remains of past civilizations, we rarely find any evidence that they made any attempts to?
When we excavate the remains of past civilizations, we rarely find any evidence that they made any attempts to adapt in the face of a changing climate. I view this inflexibility as the real reason for collapse.
How to see long buried settlements?
There are a variety of ways to spot long-buried settlements in satellite images. In the search for Ubar, Blom and colleagues used computers to enhance images taken in the visible and infrared wavelengths, as well as with radar, allowing them to peer up to 15 feet beneath the surface of dry sand. As they analyzed the sizes and proportions of dust, rocks and sand grains, they could see the boundaries of ancient roads.
Why do scientists look to satellite imagery for slight differences in vegetation patterns?
Where once there was development, the soil is stressed enough to support plants that are different from those growing in untouched soils. Seeing those vegetation shifts from above helps archaeologists zero in on where to dig.