Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth’s Settlement. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth’s sister, and they were now being asked to change or deny their beliefs. Many couldn’t make this compromise and left to live in exile abroad. Others grudgingly accepted the new regime.
Full Answer
What was the purpose of the religious settlement?
The Religious Settlement was an effort by Elizabeth I to unite the country. It was intended to resolve the dispute between Catholics and Protestants. As a Protestant, Elizabeth had to tread carefully between both faiths to maintain unity.
Why was religious settlement important to Elizabeth I?
Religious Settlement. Religion became a very divisive factor in people’s lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Elizabeth offered a ‘middle way’ compromise. The Catholic threat. Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth’s Settlement.
Why was the religious settlement of 1559 necessary?
As a Protestant, Elizabeth had to tread carefully between both faiths to maintain unity. Why was the Religious Settlement of 1559 necessary? England was in religious turmoil and there were several problems Elizabeth needed to face when tackling the issue.
How did Elizabeth deal with the Catholic Church in England?
To strengthen her position, Elizabeth passed laws to minimise the Catholic threat: Those who refused to attend Church of England services (recusants) were forced to pay a fine of a shilling a week for not attending church on Sundays or holy days.
What were the responses to the Religious Settlement?
About 250 out of 9,000 priests refused and lost their jobs. Many devout Catholic bishops resigned and therefore did not provide strong opposition. Their positions were filled by loyal supporters. Recusancy fines were not strictly enforced.
What did Catholics not like about the Religious Settlement?
Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being asked to change or deny their beliefs. Many couldn't make this compromise and left to live in exile abroad.
How was the Religious Settlement enforced?
The Church was responsible for helping to enforce the religious settlement. Visitations were inspections of churches and clergy by bishops to ensure that everyone took the oath of supremacy and were following the terms of the religious settlement.
What did the clergy have to do to agree with Elizabeth Religious Settlement?
Act of Supremacy Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be Supreme Governor of the Church of England instead of supreme head. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an Oath of Supremacy.
What was the impact of the Religious Settlement?
The Religious Settlement aimed to ease the tensions created by the religious divisions of the previous 25 years. It tried to take elements from both Protestantism and Catholicism, but since many Protestants had become MPs, the Settlement was perhaps more Protestant than Elizabeth would have liked.
How successful was the Religious Settlement?
All members of the Church had to take the oath of supremacy under the Act of Supremacy if they were to keep their posts. 8,000 priests and less important clergy did so. There were 10,000 parishes in England at this time so this shows that the religious settlement was largely successful.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation?
The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant challenge by purging itself of the abuses and ambiguities that had opened the way to revolt and then embarked upon recovery of the schismatic branches of Western Christianity with mixed success.
Why did the Puritans not like the Religious Settlement?
Whilst most people were happy with Elizabeth's Religious Settlement, Puritans were not happy as they believed that it should go further in its reforms and make a truly radical Puritan church. They believed that Elizabeth had sacrificed too much to the Roman Catholics when creating the settlement.
Why was the Religious Settlement a problem for Elizabeth?
The Act of Supremacy This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. The term 'Supreme Head' was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeth's position in the Church was considered treason.
What Catholic practices did Puritans reject?
Puritans emphasized severe punishment and public acknowledgement of sins, while Catholics emphasize forgiveness and private confession. Puritans rejected the Catholic beliefs in purgatory and sainthood. They also rejected elaborate vestments and the use of incense during the service.
How did the Catholic Church respond to Luther's teachings?
Solution. The Church threatened and eventually excommunicated Luther and suppress the spread of his teachings. The Church may have taken these actions to prevent the people from choosing another religion and this will be a threat to their power.
What problems did the Catholic Church have in 1500?
The Roman Catholic Church in 1500 had lost much of its integrity. The involvement with the Italian War had dragged the papacy into disrepute; popes were more interested in politics than piety; and the sale of Indulgences was clearly only for the Church's financial gain.
What did the Catholic Church do to the indigenous peoples?
The Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery inaugurated a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other indigenous peoples.
What do Catholics believe?
Catholics share with other Christians a belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ, the son of God made man who came to earth to redeem humanity's sins through His death and resurrection. They follow His teachings as set out in the New Testament and place their trust in God's promise of eternal life with Him.
How did the Church react to the Renaissance?
The Church and the Renaissance In the revival of neo-Platonism and other ancient philosophies, Renaissance Humanists did not reject Christianity; quite to the contrary, many of the Renaissance's greatest works were devoted to it, and the church patronized many works of Renaissance art.
What was the Religious Settlement?
The Religious Settlement was an effort by Elizabeth I to unite the country. It was intended to resolve the dispute between Catholics and Protes...
Why was the Religious Settlement of 1559 necessary?
England was in religious turmoil and there were several problems Elizabeth needed to face when tackling the issue....
What differences between Catholics and Protestants caused the Religious Settlement?
Catholicism and Protestantism beliefs differed in many ways: ❖...
How were the changes of the Religious Settlement implemented?
They were implemented in the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy of 1559.
What key changes to religion did the Religious Settlement introduce?
There were 4 important changes made by Elizabeth. ❖ The...
What was the outcome of the Religious Settlement?
England became a more secular society. Protestantism was the official religion of England, but Catholicism was also accepted, instead of its foll...
What was the reaction of the Catholics to the Religious Settlement?
England had been a Catholic nation under the rule of the previous monarch, Mary I. Catholics were not happy with the Religious Settlement....
What was the reaction of the Puritans to the Religious Settlement?
Puritans were unhappy with the settlement as they believed that Elizabeth should have legislated for a truly radical Puritan church.
What was the purpose of the Religious Settlement?
The Religious Settlement. The Religious Settlement aimed to ease the tensions created by the religious divisions of the previous 25 years. It tried to take elements from both Protestantism and Catholicism, but since many Protestants had become MPs, the Settlement was perhaps more Protestant than Elizabeth would have liked.
What were the acts of the Elizabethan religious settlement?
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was contained in two acts – the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity.
How did religion become a very divisive factor in people’s lives in Wales and England?
Religion became a very divisive factor in people’s lives in Wales and England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Roman Catholic Church. Elizabeth offered a ‘middle way’ compromise. How successfully did Elizabeth deal with the problem of religion?
What was the prayer book based on?
It said that the newly formed Prayer Book, based on that of Edward’s reign should be used in all churches and that people would be fined one shilling if they did not attend. People who refused to attend Church services were called recusants.
How did religion become a divisive factor in people’s lives in England?
Religion became a very divisive factor in people’s lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Elizabeth offered a ‘middle way’ compromise.
What was the purpose of the 1581 Act?
1581 - Act to retain the Queen’s subjects in their due obedience. Catholics who were still refusing to attend services in the Protestant Church were forced to pay an even bigger fine of 20 pounds per month, the equivalent of thousands of pounds in today’s money.
What happened to Edmund Campion?
If these men were discovered by Elizabeth’s agents, they could be sentenced to death for treason. Which is what happened to Edmund Campion, who was executed in 1581.
What was the Act of 1559?
Act. What it was. 1559 - Act of Uniformity. Those who refused to attend Church of England services (recusants) were forced to pay a fine of a shilling a week for not attending church on Sundays or holy days.
Which countries were Catholic?
The rulers of the most powerful countries in Europe - Spain and France - were Catholic, and plots often had foreign backing. In 1570 the Pope issued a Papal Bull of Excommunication against Elizabeth and actively encouraged plots against her.
Did Catholics like Elizabeth's settlement?
Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth’s Settlement. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth’s sister, and they were now being asked to change or deny their beliefs. Many couldn’t make this compromise and left to live in exile abroad. Others grudgingly accepted the new regime.
Who was the Queen of Scots?
The main figurehead for such plotters was Mary, Queen of Scots. She had a claim to the English throne, and was seen as a potential replacement for Elizabeth.
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What religion was Philip II?
Religion: Philip II was a devout Catholic and was angered by the Religious Settlement. Marriage: Elizabeth refused Philip's proposal. Piracy: Elizabeth encouraged soldiers to rob Spanish treasure ships in the New World. Spanish Aid: Philip provided English Catholics with troops and money to plot against Elizabeth.
What did Elizabeth encourage soldiers to do in the New World?
Piracy: Elizabeth encouraged soldiers to rob Spanish treasure ships in the New World.
What happened in July 1567?
July 1567: An uprising against the couple forced Mary to abdicate in favour of her 1-year-old son James and flee to England seeking the protection of her cousin Elizabeth.
When did the English attack the Spanish Armada?
28 July 1588: English successfully attack Spanish Armada. The Spanish attempt to travel back to Spain via the North of England but encounter bad weather.
Was Elizabeth a Catholic?
Elizabeth was not an extreme Protestant like Edward nor a devout Catholic like her sister Mary.
Who made the documentary Elizabeth I?
Documentary on Elizabeth I by David Starkey in which clips could be taken.
What were the thirty nine articles of 1563?
The Thirty-nine Articles of 1563 CE (made law in 1571 CE) were the final part of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Essentially, they covered all the matters not yet set out in previous legislation and aimed to definitively establish what was meant by the English version of Protestantism, otherwise known as Anglicism. This was by no means a simple task as, in these early stages, nobody quite knew what Anglicism precisely was except that it was not Catholicism or extreme Protestantism but somewhere in-between. Article 34, for example, stated the following:
What was the Elizabethan religious settlement?
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a collection of laws and decisions concerning religious practices introduced between 1558-63 CE by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). The settlement continued the English Reformation which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) whereby the Protestant Church of England split from the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome. There was opposition to the moderate features of the Settlement from both radical Catholics and radical Protestants. In addition, the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth for heresy in 1570 CE. Nevertheless, many of the features of the Settlement such as replacing altars with communion tables, using English in services, and banning traditional mass services, remained in place over the following centuries and their effects can still be seen on today's Anglican Church.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
The Act of Supremacy - established Elizabeth as head of the Church of England. The Act of Uniformity - set out the appearance of churches and services, banned mass services. The Royal Injunctions - 57 regulations on Church matters, e.g.: preachers required a license and pilgrimages were banned.
How did the Queen reassert her authority over the Church?
The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Two bishops were sent to the Tower of London as a consequence. This pressure meant that the Act was passed by Parliament but only by the slightest of majorities. The queen had compromised a little on the wording of the Supremacy Act, calling herself the 'Supreme Governor' of the Church instead of the 'Supreme Head', thus making her more acceptable to Protestants who disliked the idea of a woman in that position. The queen was determined to see the act enforced and sent inspectors around the parishes for that purpose. Anyone suspected of not recognising Elizabeth as head of the Church would now find themselves before a new court, the Court of High Commission. Unlike in other Protestant states, the old Catholic structure of the Church below the sovereign was maintained with the bishops organised in a hierarchy. The Archbishop of Canterbury remained at the top, the Archbishop of York was number two, and the monarch appointed the bishops and archbishops. It was a good start but finding the balance between radicals on either side of the religious debate was going to be more difficult than mere wordplay.
What did the Queen compromise on?
The queen had compromised a little on the wording of the Supremacy Act, calling herself the 'Supreme Governor' of the Church instead of the 'Supreme Head', thus making her more acceptable to Protestants who disliked the idea of a woman in that position.
What resulted from Elizabeth's cautious reforms?
Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in 'a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance'.
What is the Book of Common Prayer?
The Book of Common Prayer - a new moderate blend of earlier prayer books to be used in church services.
What was the threat to the Catholic settlement?
Large numbers of Catholic nobles / Marian Bishops in the House of Lords presented a continuing threat to the Settlement both before and after it being passedThe fear of a Catholic noble uprising was ever present based on their power and resources especially after the Settlement was passedThe Papal Bull of excommunication 1570 and telling Catholics not to attend Elizabeth’s Church was a massive challenge (90% of England Catholic)The Settlement being so moderate meant it was continually challenged
Why did Elizabeth depend on nobles?
Most of England’s nobles were Catholic, especially in the north. Elizabeth relied on these nobles for war and maintaining order around the country. They also paid her a lot of money (Feudal System).
What did the Religious Settlement mean for Protestants and Catholics?
Elizabeth was brought up as a Protestant. Naturally, she wanted to turn the country back to Protestantism after Mary, but she knew she couldn’t push her ideas too much.
What was the problem with Elizabeth I?
When Elizabeth I came to power in 1558 she was faced with a divided England.#N#England was divided between Protestants and Catholics. There was a great deal of religious conflict spreading through mainland Europe as Catholics and Protestants fought to establish their faith as the ‘true’ religion. Elizabeth feared that this conflict may spread to England. #N#Elizabeth was a Protestant herself but she feared an invasion from Catholic countries, such as Spain, if she turned England Protestant. Many Lords in the Parliament were Catholics and many people did not believe Elizabeth had a strong claim to the throne.
Why did Mary impose fines on Catholics?
To make sure Catholics turned up to Church, she imposed fines on people that did not turn up to Church (a total of one shilling). Although this seems harsh, this was much better than what happened under Edward and Mary when heretics were burned alive for not attending Church.
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How long has the Church of England followed Elizabeth's changes?
The success of Elizabeth’s Church can be evidenced by the fact that the Church of England still follows her changes today, almost 500 years later.
Who was the last Tudor monarch?
Elizabeth was the final Tudor monarch. She had a tough job trying to organise the Church after Henry, Edward and Mary had changed the Church drastically. How did her Religious Settlement work? And did it please everyone in England?
Did Mary remove the Pope?
In addition all priests had to swear an allegiance to Elizabeth. Moreover, the English prayer book was restored, and all the Catholic laws that were passed by Mary were removed. It looked as though Elizabeth was about to turn the Church back to a fully Protestant one again.
How many Catholics were there in Maryland in 1756?
In 1700, the estimated population of Maryland was 29,600, about one-tenth of which was Catholic (or approximately 3,000). By 1756, the number of Catholics in Maryland had increased to approximately 7,000, which increased further to 20,000 by 1765.
How many Catholics were there in the American Revolution?
By the time of the American Revolution, 35,000 Catholics formed 1.2% of the 2.5 million white population of the thirteen seaboard colonies. One of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, Charles Carroll (1737-1832), owner of sixty thousand acres of land, was a Catholic and was one of the richest men in the colonies. Catholicism was integral to his career. He was dedicated to American Republicanism, but feared extreme democracy.
What happened to the Catholic Church after 1960?
After 1960, the number of priests and nuns fell rapidly and new vocations were few. The Catholic population was sustained by a large influx from Mexico (ironically, settling in California and Texas, former territories and provinces of Mexico) and from other Latin American nations.
What was the Church's infrastructure in the nineteenth century?
In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions.
What is the oldest church in the United States?
San Miguel Mission, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1610, is the oldest church in the United States. The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800's, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had institutionally and demographically faded, owing to the Louisiana Purchase (1803) ...
Why was the first diocese of Baltimore established?
Thus, the Diocese of Baltimore achieved a pre-eminence over all future dioceses in the U.S. It was established as a diocese on November 6, 1789, and was elevated to the status of an archdiocese on April 8, 1808.
Where did the Catholics come from?
Most of the Catholic population in the United States during the colonial period came from England, Germany, and France, with approximately 10,000 Irish Catholics immigrating by 1775, and they overwhelmingly settled in Maryland and Pennsylvania.