Full Answer
What is penal colony?
Penal colony, distant or overseas settlement established for punishing criminals by forced labour and isolation from society.
What is the meaning of penalties?
pe·nal | \ ˈpē-nᵊl \. 1 : of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions. 2 : liable to punishment a penal offense. 3 : used as a place of confinement and punishment a penal colony.
What was the purpose of the Australian penal colony?
Inscribed stone honouring an Irish prisoner in the Australian penal colony of Botany Bay. A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory.
What makes penal settlement 1987 so special?
Created after a visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1987, works such as Penal Settlement, 1987, possess a dark and brooding quality.
What is the meaning of penal settlement?
(ˈpiːnəl ˈkɒlənɪ ) or penal settlement. noun. a colony used or designated as a place of punishment. an island that has served as a penal colony since Roman times.
What do you mean by penal?
Definition of penal 1 : of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions. 2 : liable to punishment a penal offense. 3 : used as a place of confinement and punishment a penal colony.
Why do they call it a penal colony?
The penal system in Russia, which has one of the highest incarceration rates in a European country, oversees nearly 520,000 inmates, the Associated Press reported last year. Most of the prison facilities in Russia are known as penal colonies because inmates are required to perform labor during their sentence.
What is a penal colony example?
A penal colony is a settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in part of the state's (usually colonial) territories. This is much bigger than a prison farm. A famous penal colony was Devil's Island in French Guiana.
What are penal charges?
Penal Charges means an additional charge payable by the borrower to CFL as a penalty in case of delay in payment of EMI. Sample 1Sample 2. Penal Charges means and include overdue charges on non payment of installment on the due date.
What is a penal offence?
A penal offense. adjective. 1. The definition of penal is something relating to punishment for breaking the law. An example of penal are laws or codes that people are punished for breaking; penal codes.
Do penal colonies still exist?
The penal colony closed in 1984 and the last prisoners were transferred to the mainland. As of 2015 most of the former jail buildings are covered by dense vegetation, but some remain visible.
Does Russia still have penal colonies?
The corrective colony is the most common, with 705 institutions (excluding 7 corrective colonies for convicts imprisoned for life) in 2019 across the administrative divisions of Russia. There were also 8 prisons, 23 juvenile facilities, and 211 pre-trial facilities in 2019.
What are the 7 penal colonies?
The Bureau shall carry out its functions through its divisions and its seven (7) Penal institutions namely—New Bilibid Prisons, Correctional Institution for Women, Iwahig, Davao, San Ramon and Sablayan Prisons and Penal Farms and the Leyte Regional Prisons.
What is another word for penal colony?
What is another word for penal colony?concentration campgulagpenitentiaryprisonstockadegaolUKjailUSlockupslammerdeath camp58 more rows
When did penal colonies end?
Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia.
When was the first penal colony?
1793: First free settlers arrive at Botany Bay. From 1788 – 1823 the New South Wales colony is officially a penal colony. The population consists of mostly convicts, marines and their wives.
What does Repentantly mean?
: feeling or showing regret for something said or done. Other Words from repentant. repentantly adverb.
What is an antonym for penal?
ˈpiːnəl) Serving as or designed to impose punishment. Antonyms. rehabilitative illegality lawful.
When did Britain use Australia as a penal settlement?
Since immediate stopgap measures proved themselves ineffective, in 1785 Britain decided to use parts of what is now known as Australia as penal settlements. So-called First Fleet soon transported first ~800 convicts and ~250 marines to Sydney Cove.
What were the penal colonies in the late 18th century?
Australian penal colonies in late 18th century included Norfolk Island and New South Wales , and in early 19th century also Van Diemen's Land ( Tasmania) and Moreton Bay ( Queensland ). Advocates of Irish Home Rule or trade unionism (the Tolpuddle Martyrs) sometimes received sentences of deportation to the Australian colonies.
What were the penal colonies in India?
In British India, the colonial government established various penal colonies. Two of the largest ones were on the Andaman Islands and Hijli. In the early days of settlement, Singapore Island was the recipient of Indian convicts, who were tasked with clearing the jungles for settlement and early public works.
What was the penal colony in the Andaman Islands?
Penal colony in the Andaman Islands (c. 1890s) With the passage of the Transportation Act 1717 , the British government initiated the penal transportation of indentured servants to Britain's colonies in the Americas.
Why was Con Dao Island used as a penal colony?
The Ottoman Empire used Fezzan as a penal colony, because it was the most remote province from then the capital city, Istanbul.
Which island was used as a penal colony during the New Order era?
Buru Island in Indonesia was used as penal colony during the New Order era to hold political prisoners. Apartheid South Africa used Robben Island as penal colony for anti apartheid activists. The Netherlands had a penal colony from the late 19th century.
Which empire used Xinjiang as a penal colony?
The Qing Empire of 1644–1912 used Xinjiang Province in north-west China as a penal colony. Imperial Russia used Siberia and Russian Far East for penal colonies ( Katorga) for criminals and dissidents. Though geographically contiguous with heartland Russia, Siberia provided both remoteness and a harsh climate.
Definition of penal
Other Words from penal Synonyms & Antonyms Did you know? More Example Sentences Learn More About penal
Did you know?
A state or country's penal code defines its crimes and describes its punishments. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many countries established penal colonies, where criminals were sent as punishment.
What is penal colony?
Penal colony, distant or overseas settlement established for punishing criminals by forced labour and isolation from society. Although a score of nations in Europe and Latin America transported their criminals to widely scattered penal colonies, such colonies were developed mostly by the English, French, and Russians.
Where did England send criminals?
England shipped criminals to America until the American Revolution and to Australia into the middle of the 19th century. France established penal colonies in Africa, New Caledonia, and French Guiana (of which those in the latter, including Devil’s Island, were still operating during World War II).
What is the penal colony?
The penal colony is a place where the authorities can act with impunity, free to torture prisoners in the hope of extracting a false confession.
What is the name of the penal colony in Mordovia?
Some of the modern labour camps — including the notorious Penal Colony Number 14 in Mordovia — exist on the sites of their Gulag forerunners. Indeed, in many cases all that has changed is their name: from falling under the auspices of the Gulag, a Russian acronym for “Main Camp Directorate”, to today’s Federal Penitentiary Service. Little else has changed, with many of the buildings and facilities in the penal colonies dating back to the time of the USSR.
Overview
A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors h…
British Empire
With the passage of the Transportation Act 1717, the British government initiated the penal transportation of indentured servants to Britain's colonies in the Americas. British merchants would be in charge of transporting the convicts across the Atlantic, where in the colonies their indentures would be auctioned off to planters. Many of the indentured servants were sentenced to seven year …
France
France sent criminals to tropical penal colonies including Louisiana in the early 18th century. Devil's Island in French Guiana, 1852–1939, received forgers and other criminals. New Caledonia and its Isle of Pines in Melanesia (in the South Sea) received transported dissidents like the Communards, Kabyles rebels as well as convicted criminals between the 1860s and 1897.
The Americas
• Brazil had a prison on the island of Fernando de Noronha from 1938 to 1945.
• Gorgona Island in Colombia housed a state high-security prison from the 1950s. Convicts were dissuaded from escaping by the poisonous snakes in the interior of the island and by the sharks patrolling the 30 km to the mainland. The penal colony closed in 1984 and the last prisoners were transferred to the mainland. …
Elsewhere
• Following Alexander the Great's conquering of modern day Afghanistan and Pakistan, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was used as a penal colony. Today, 18% of the population of Peshwar has Greek genetic markers.
• The Qing Empire of 1636–1912 used general-ruled provinces Jilin (Ningguta) in north-east China and Xinjiang in north-west China as penal colony.
See also
• Alcatraz
• History of Australia
• History of Canada